Energy drink
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224490566
2008-07-09T02:14:41Z
Beefman
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/* History */
[[Image:Energy drinks.jpg|256px|right|thumb|A variety of energy drinks are available; the skinny "bullet" can shape is popular.]]
[[Image:Reloadice.jpg|256px|right|thumb|Energy drinks are also sold in larger cans and resealable bottles ([[RELOAD (energy drink)|Reload]]).]]
'''Energy drinks''' are [[soft drink]]s advertised as providing more [[energy]] than a typical drink. The amount of quantitative 'energy' (as measured in [[calorie]]s) in these drinks is often lower than that in regular soft drinks.<ref>[http://www.sciencecases.org/energy_drinks/energy_drinks.pdf A can of bull? Do energy drinks really provide a source of energy?]</ref> According to the [[Marin Institute]], there is scientific basis for concluding that the non-caffeine elements in these drinks contribute to mental alertness and physical performance.<ref>[http://www.marininstitute.org/alcopops/resources/EnergyDrinkReport.pdf Research on the Health Effects of other energy drinks additives]</ref>
==Purpose==
Companies market energy drinks, stating that the beverages increase energy and physical performance. One study says that they do deliver as promised.<ref> The effects of Red Bull Energy Drink on human performance and mood.http://www.springerlink.com/content/xxdbgvjy9ke72wbl/</ref> There is much controversy regarding their actual effects.
==Ingredients==
Generally energy drinks include [[methylxanthine]]s (including [[caffeine]]), [[vitamin B|B vitamins,]] and [[herb]]s. Other common ingredients are [[guarana]], which has a high caffeine content, [[taurine]], plus various forms of [[ginseng]], [[maltodextrin]], [[Carbonated water]], [[inositol]], [[carnitine]], [[creatine]], [[glucuronolactone]] and [[ginkgo biloba]]. Some contain high levels of [[sugar]], and many brands also offer artificially-sweetened 'diet' versions. The central ingredient in most energy drinks is [[caffeine]], the same stimulant found in [[coffee]] or [[tea]], often in the form of [[guarana]] (as in [[Josta]]) or [[yerba mate]].
The average 237 milliliter (8 fluid ounce) energy drink has about 80 mg of [[caffeine]], with 480 ml (16 fl. oz.) drinks containing around 150 mg, although more recently, drinks containing as much as 400 mg of caffeine (such as [[Burn (energy drink)|Burn]]) have been marketed.
==Side effects==
Around the USA, the drinks have been linked with reports of nausea, abnormal heart rhythms and emergency room visits. [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/27/health/27well.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/P/Parker-Pope,%20Tara]
Energy drinks may cause [[seizures]] due to the "crash" following the energy high that occurs after consumption.<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WDT-4N6Y5NF-1&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=034d3b05f3e42257a5ae8a2002196b67 New-onset seizures in adults: Possible association with consumption of popular energy drinks]</ref> France banned the popular energy drink [[Red Bull]] after the death of eighteen-year-old athlete Ross Cooney, who died after he played a basketball game after consuming four cans of the drink.<ref name="MedNewsToday">[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5753.php French ban on Red Bull (drink) upheld by European Court]</ref> The French Scientific Committee (J.D. Birkel) concluded that Red Bull has excessive amounts of caffeine.<ref name="MedNewsToday" /> Denmark also banned Red Bull. Britain investigated the drink, but only issued a warning against its use by pregnant women.<ref name="MedNewsToday" />
==History==
Energy drinks may have come from [[Scotland]] in the form of [[Irn-Bru]], first produced in the form of "Iron Brew" in 1901. In [[Japan]], the energy drink dates at least as far back as the early 1960s, with the release of the [[Lipovitan]]. Most such products in Japan bear little resemblance to soft drinks, and are sold instead in small brown glass medicine bottles or cans styled to resemble such containers. These "genki drinks", which are also produced in [[South Korea]], are marketed primarily to the [[salaryman]] set.
In UK, [[Lucozade|Lucozade Energy]] was originally introduced in 1929 as a hospital drink for "aiding the recovery;" in the early 1980s, it was promoted as an energy drink for "replenishing lost energy."
In 1994, The first European energy drink, Power Horse, was launched by Austrian company S. Spitz. it is still sold in many countries, even though it is perhaps overshadowed in most by its more famous Austrian rival, Red Bull.
In 1995, [[PepsiCo]] launched [[Josta]], the first energy drink introduced by a major US beverage company.
In Europe, energy drinks were pioneered by the S. Spitz Company and a product named Power Horse, before the business savvy of [[Dietrich Mateschitz]], an Austrian entrepreneur, ensured his Red Bull product became far better known, and a worldwide best seller. Mateschitz developed Red Bull based on the Thai drink Krating Daeng, itself based on Lipovitan. Red Bull was introduced to the US in 1997 and is the dominant brand there, with a market share of approximately 47%.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/global/2005/0328/028_print.html Soda With Buzz] Forbes, Kerry A. Dolan, 03.28.05</ref>
By the year 2001, the US energy drink market had grown to nearly 8 million per year in retail sales. Over the next 5 years, it grew an average of over 50% per year, totaling over $3 billion in 2005.<ref name="mintel">Mintel Energy Drink Report 2006, 07.05.06</ref> Diet energy drinks are growing at nearly twice that rate within the category, as are 16-ounce sized energy drinks. The energy drink market became a 5.4 million dollar market in 2007, and both [[Goldman Sachs]] and [[Mintel]] predict that it will hit $10 billion by 2010. Major companies' such as [[Pepsi]], [[Coca-Cola]], [[Molson]], and [[Labatt]] have tried to match smaller companies' innovative and different approach, with marginal success.
Energy drinks are also popular as mixers.
These drinks are typically attractive to young people. Approximately 65% percent of its drinkers are between the ages of 13 and 35 years old, with males being approximately 65% of the market.<ref name="mintel" />
==Derivatives==
"Smart energy drinks" combine energy drinks with [[smart drinks]].
==Packaging==
In 2002 [[CCL]] Container and Mistic Brands, Inc., part of the [[Snapple Beverage Group]], teamed up for the national launch of Mistic RĒ. The result was a recyclable aluminum bottle. Since that introduction, many energy drinks are now packaged in the aluminum bottlecans produced by CCL.
[[Coca-Cola]] marketed two [[Powerade]] brand energy drinks in bullet-shaped, screw-top aluminum bottle cans. Capri Sun targeted 16-25 year-olds with its Island Refreshers line, graduating from a foil pouch design to a bottlecan.
==See also==
*[[List of beverages containing guarana]]
*[[List of energy drinks]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Dmoz|Business/Food_and_Related_Products/Beverages/Sport_and_Energy/|Sport and Energy drinks}}
{{Dietary supplement}}
[[Category:Energy drinks| ]]
[[Category:Soft drinks]]
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