Enflurane 1331526 214864704 2008-05-25T17:20:08Z J.y.binsaeid 7154307 /* Side Effects */ {{drugbox | IUPAC_name = 2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2-trifluoro-ethane | image = enflurane2.png | image2 = Enflurane-3D-balls.png | CAS_number = 13838-16-9 | ATC_prefix = N01 | ATC_suffix = AB04 | ATC_supplemental = | PubChem = 3226 | DrugBank = APRD00234 | C=3 | H=2 | Cl=1 | F=5 | O=1 | molecular_weight = 184.492 g/mol | bioavailability = | protein_bound = 97% | metabolism = | elimination_half-life = | pregnancy_category = | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = }} '''Enflurane''' (2-chloro-1,1,2,-trifluoroethyl-difluoromethyl ether) is a [[halogenated ether]] that was commonly used for inhalational [[anesthesia]] during the 1970s and 1980s. Developed by [[Ross Terrell]] in 1963, it was first used clinically in 1966. Enflurane is a structural [[isomer]] of [[isoflurane]]. It vaporizes readily, but is a liquid at room temperature. ==Physical properties== {| class="wikitable" ! Property ! Value |- | [[Boiling point]] at 1 [[atmosphere (unit)|atm]] | 56.5 °C |- | [[Minimum alveolar concentration|MAC]] | 1.68 |- | [[Vapor pressure]] at 20 °C | 22.9 kPa (172 [[torr|mm Hg]]) |- | Blood: Gas Partition Coefficient | 1.9 |- | Oil: Gas Partition Coefficient | 98 |- |} ==Side Effects== Clinically, enflurane produces a dose-related depression of [[myocardial]] [[contractility]] with an associated decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption. Between 2% and 5% of the inhaled dose is oxidised in the liver, producing [[fluoride]] ions and difluoromethoxy-difluoroacetic acid. This is significantly higher than the metabolism of its structural isomer [[isoflurane]]. Enflurane also lowers the threshold for [[seizures]] and should especially not be used on people with [[epilepsy]]. It is also known to cause [[malignant hyperthermia]]. Relaxes the uterus (can cause spontaneous birth) in pregnant woman. Enflurane and Methoxyflurane have a nephrotoxic effect and cause acute renal failure usually by its nephrotoxic metabolite. --J.Y.BINSAEID 16:15, 25 May 2008 (UTC) By G. Edward Morgan, Maged S. Mikhail, Michael J. Murray, C. Philip Larson; clinical anaesthesiology third edition,142. ==External links== {{General anesthetics}} [[Category:Anesthetics]] [[Category:Ethers]] [[Category:Organohalides]] {{Pharma-stub}} [[de:Enfluran]] [[fr:Enflurane]] [[it:Enflurano]] [[nl:Enfluraan]]