Ernst Gottfried Fischer
2076916
194049979
2008-02-25T23:46:01Z
Gaius Cornelius
293907
Tidy using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]]
'''Ernst Gottfried Fischer''' ([[July 17]][[1754]] – [[circa|ca]] [[1831]]) was a German [[chemist]]. He was born in [[Hoheneiche]] near [[Saalfeld]]. After studying [[theology]] and [[mathematics]] at the [[University of Halle]], he was a teacher in [[Berlin]] before becoming Professor of Physics in [[1810]]. He translated [[Claude Louis Berthollet|Claude Berthollet's]] publication ''Recherches sur les lois de l'affinitiĆ©'' in 1802. He proposed a system of equivalents based on [[sulfuric acid]] equal to one hundred.
== [[Stoichiometry]] contribution ==
[[Jeremias Benjamin Richter]]'s work had little impact until 1802, when it was summarized by Fischer in terms of tables, such as the one below.
According to this table, it takes 615 parts by weight of [[magnesia]] to neutralize either 1000 parts by weight of [[sulfuric acid]] or 1405 parts by weight of [[nitric acid]]. In the early literature on the subject, these weights were referred to as '''combining weights'''.
{| width="50%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1"
|-
| bgcolor="#ccff99" border="0" colspan="4" align="center" | '''Weights of Acids and Bases that are Chemically Equivalent'''
|-
| bgcolor="lightblue" colspan="2" align="center" | [[Bases]]
| bgcolor="#ffcc33" colspan="2" align="center" | [[Acids]]
|-
| ''Name''
| ''Parts required to [[titration|titrate]]''
| ''Name''
| ''Parts required to titrate''
|-
| Alumina ([[aluminium oxide]])
| 525
| [[Carbonic acid]]
| 577
|-
| [[Magnesia (disambiguation)|Magnesia]]
| 615
| Muriatic acid ([[hydrochloric acid]])
| 712
|-
| [[Lime (mineral)|Lime]] ([[calcium carbonate]])
| 793
| [[Orthophosphoric acid|Phosphoric acid]]
| 979
|-
| [[Calcium hydroxide]]
| 793
| [[Oxalic acid]]
| 755
|-
| Soda ([[sodium carbonate]])
| 859
| [[Sulfuric acid|Sulphuric acid]]
| 1000
|-
| [[Potash]] ([[potassium carbonate]])
| 1605
| Aqua fortis ([[nitric acid]])
| 1405
|-
| Barite ([[barium sulfate]])
| 2222
| [[Acetic acid]]
| 1480
|-
|}
==References==
*{{cite web|title=Gottfried Fischer|work=College of Science Bodner Research Group Web|url=http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/history/fischer.html |accessmonthday=June 19 |accessyear=2005}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fischer, Ernst Gottfried}}
[[Category:1754 births]]
[[Category:1831 deaths]]
[[Category:German chemists]]
{{chemist-stub}}
[[fr:Ernst Gottfried Fischer]]