Escherichia
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2008-06-23T01:45:43Z
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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgrey
| name = ''Escherichia''
| image = Esch_coli.jpg
| image_width = 270px
| image_caption = [[Scanning electron microscope|SEM]] [[micrograph]] of ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' bacteria
| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
| phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]
| classis = [[Gamma Proteobacteria]]
| ordo = [[Enterobacteriales]]
| familia = [[Enterobacteriaceae]]
| genus = '''''Escherichia'''''
| genus_authority = Castellani & Chalmers 1919
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
''E. adecarboxylata''<br>
''E. albertii''<br>
''E. blattae''<br>
''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]''<br>
''E. fergusonii''<br>
''E. hermannii''<br>
''E. vulneris''<br>
}}
'''''Escherichia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Gram-negative]], non-[[Endospore|spore]] forming, [[Facultative anaerobic organism|facultatively anaerobic]], rod-shaped [[bacteria]] from the family [[Enterobacteriaceae]].<ref name=Brock>{{cite book | author = Madigan M; Martinko J (editors). | title = Brock Biology of Microorganisms | edition = 11th ed. | publisher = Prentice Hall | year = 2005 | id = ISBN 0-13-144329-1 }}</ref> Inhabitants of the [[gastrointestinal tract]]s of [[warm-blooded]] animals, ''Escherichia'' species provide a portion of the microbially-derived [[vitamin K]] for their host. ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' are the most numerous aerobic [[commensalism|commensal]] inhabitants of the large intestine in humans.
==Pathogenesis==
While many ''Escherichia'' are harmless commensals, particular strains of some species are human [[pathogen]]s,<ref name=Baron>{{cite book | author = Guentzel MN | title = Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter, and Proteus. ''In:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1451 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref> and are known as the most common cause of [[urinary tract infection]]s,<ref name=Ronald_2003>{{cite journal | author=Ronald A | title=The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens | journal=Dis Mon | year=2003 | pages=71–82 | volume=49 | issue=2 | pmid=12601338 | doi=10.1016/S0011-5029(03)90001-0 }}</ref> significant sources of gastrointestinal disease, ranging from simple [[diarrhea]] to [[dysentery]]-like conditions,<ref name=Brock /> as well as a wide-range of other pathogenic states.<ref name=Prokaryotes>{{cite web | title=The Species of ''Escherichia'' other than ''E. coli'' | work=The Prokaryotes | url=http://141.150.157.117:8080/prokPUB/chaphtm/142/11_00.htm | accessdate=2006-05-05}}</ref> While ''[[E. coli]]'' is responsible for the vast majority of ''Escherichia''-related pathogenesis, other members of the genus have also been implicated in human disease.<ref name=Pien_1985>{{cite journal | author=Pien FD, Shrum S, Swenson JM, Hill BC, Thornsberry C, Farmer JJ 3rd | title=Colonization of human wounds by ''Escherichia vulneris'' and ''Escherichia hermannii'' | journal=J Clin Microbiol | year=1985 | pages=283–5 | volume=22 | issue=2 | pmid=3897270 }}</ref><sup>,</sup><ref name=Chaudhury_1999>{{cite journal | author=Chaudhury A, Nath G, Tikoo A, Sanyal SC | title=Enteropathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility of new ''Escherichia'' spp | journal=J Diarrhoeal Dis Res | year=1999 | pages=85–7 | volume=17 | issue=2 | pmid=10897892 }}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Escherichia coli O157:H7|''E. coli'' O157:H7]]
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Enterobacteria]]
[[Category:Gut flora]]
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