Estanislao 3832663 214807304 2008-05-25T10:39:28Z Stan J Klimas 2562403 otheruses {{otheruses4|a person|the use of Estanislao as a common first name|Stanislav}} '''Estanislao''' (''ca.'' 1798 – 1838) was a member of the [[Yokut]] people, [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] of northern and central [[California]]. Born in about [[1793]] on the Laquisimas River, today known as the [[Stanislaus River]], near present day [[Modesto, CA]]. At the age of 28 on [[September 24]], [[1821]] he moved to [[Mission San Jose]], in what is now [[Fremont, California]]. Estanislao was the ''[[alcalde]]'' of the community before he left the mission with about 400 followers in [[1827]]. The group began raiding the Missions San Jose, [[Mission Santa Clara de Asis|Santa Clara]] and [[Mission Santa Cruz|Santa Cruz]] and [[Mexico|Mexican]] settlers in the area around the Laquisimas River (now the [[Stanislaus River]]; during the later Mexican era, this river was called ''Rio Estanislao''). Estanislao was joined by [[Chumash (tribe)|Chumash Indians]] lead by [[Pacomio]] and by other [[Yokut]]s until at one time his army had 4,000 men. Estanislao educated his men in battle techniques he had learned from Spanish and Mexican soldiers. His raids were characterized as sudden, usually involving a trap, and ending with no loss of life, and he would sometimes use his sword to carve his initial, "S", authenticating his handiwork. The [[Order of Friars Minor|Franciscan]] friars and Mexican settlers pleaded for help from the Mexican army. Finally, the Governor called the army into action. Three expeditions from the [[Presidio of San Francisco]] and the [[Presidio of Monterey]] failed to subdue the band. A fourth, larger force led by General [[Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo]] finally ousted Estanislao and his people from the Laquisimas River in the Spring of 1829. Both Vallejo and Estanislao were accused of brutality and atrocities by their forces in the battle. Estanislao returned briefly to the Mission San Jose on [[May 31]], [[1829]] to ask Father [[Narciso Duran]] for forgiveness for his men and himself. Father Duran successfully petitioned Governor [[José María de Echeandía]] to pardon Estanislao. The pardon was granted for Estanislao and his men on [[October 7]], [[1829]]. Estanislao returned to the Laquisimas River to lead his people. [[Yoscolo]], a Yokut Indian from the Mission Santa Clara, joined Estanislao's group in [[1831]]. Yoscolo brought several hundred Indians with him from the Mission Santa Clara. Yoscolo and Estanislao led many raids against Mexican settlers. Yoscolo was different from Estanislao and did not mind killing Mexican settlers if he had to. Yoscolo sometimes wore a mask during his raids. During the spring of [[1833]], [[malaria]] was introduced into the [[San Joaquin Valley]] by Canadian beaver trappers from the [[Hudson's Bay Company]]. More than 20,000 California natives died from malaria that spring, including [[Yokuts]], [[Chumash (tribe)|Chumash]], [[Miwok]] and others. On [[August 24]], [[1834]], Estanislao returned to the Mission San Jose and prospered there while teaching others the [[Yokutsan languages|Yokuts language]] and culture. He remained at the Mission until his death, possibly from [[smallpox]], on [[July 31]], [[1838]]. The Stanislaus River and [[Stanislaus County, California|Stanislaus County]] are named in his honor. There are many Californians who believe that Estanislao was the real [[Zorro]]. ==References== *{{cite web | author=A. Louis Koue | date=1960 | url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhdatapage&fileName=ca/ca0000/ca0006/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=0&itemLink=D?hh:13:./temp/~ammem_qa9N:: | title=Mission San Jose de Guadalupe | work=Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record | publisher=Library of Congress | accessdate=2006-01-24}} *{{cite book | author=Alan Rosenus | title=General Vallejo and the advent of the Americans | date=1995 | isbn=1-890771-21-X}} *{{cite book | author=Thorne B. Gray | title=The Stanislaus Indian Wars the Last of the California Northern Yokuts | date=1993 | isbn=0-930349-01-6}} *{{cite book | author=Dorothy Krell et al | title=A Sunset Book The California Missions a Pictorial History | date=1979 | isbn=0-376-05172-8}} *{{cite book | author=James D. Adams | title=Estanislao - Warrior, Man of God | date=2006 | isbn=0-9763091-2-2}} *{{cite book | author=Frank F. Latta | title=Handbook of Yokuts Indians | publisher=Brewer's Historical Press, Exeter |date=1999 | isbn=1-892622-09-2}} *{{cite book | author=Bruce W. Miller | title=Chumash: A Picture of Their World | publisher=Sand River Press, Los Osos |date=1988 | isbn=0-944627-51-X}} [[Category:1798 births]] [[Category:1838 deaths]] [[Category:Deaths by smallpox]] [[Category:Native American leaders]] [[Category:California activists]] [[Category:People from the San Francisco Bay Area]] {{California-stub}} {{NorthAm-native-bio-stub}}