Ethambutol
2702931
224940402
2008-07-11T02:44:57Z
Arcadian
104523
wikilinks
{{drugbox | IUPAC_name = 2-[2-(1-hydroxybutan-2-ylamino)ethylamino]butan-1-ol | image = Ethambutol.svg | CAS_number = 74-55-5 | ATC_prefix = J04 | ATC_suffix = AK02 | ATC_supplemental = | PubChem = 3279 | DrugBank = APRD00957 | C = 10 | H = 24 | N = 2 | O = 2 | molecular_weight = 204.31 g/mol | bioavailability = Well-absorbed from [[GI tract]]| protein_bound = 20 to 30% | metabolism = [[Liver]]| excretion = [[Kidney|Renal]] | elimination_half-life = 3-4 hr (increased in impaired renal function)| pregnancy_category = B| legal_status = | routes_of_administration = oral}}
'''Ethambutol''' is a [[bacteriostatic]] [[antimycobacterial]] [[drug]] prescribed to treat [[tuberculosis]] (''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''). It is usually given in combination with other [[Tuberculosis treatment|tuberculosis drugs]], such as [[isoniazid]], [[pyrazinamide]] and [[rifampicin]].
It is sold under the name "Myambutol".
==Mechanism==
[[Bacteriostatic]] against actively growing TB bacilli, it works by obstructing the formation of [[cell wall]]. [[Mycolic acid]]s attach to the 5'-hydroxyl groups of [[D-arabinose]] residues of [[arabinogalactan]] and form mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex in the cell wall. It disrupts arabinogalactan synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme [[arabinosyl transferase]]. Disruption of the arabinogalactan synthesis inhibits the formation of this complex and leads to increased permeability of the cell wall.
== Pharmacokinetics ==
It is well absorbed from the [[gastrointestinal tract]] and well distributed in body tissues and fluids, 50% is excreted unchanged in urine.
== Side Effects ==
* [[Optic neuritis]]
* [[Red-green color blindness]]
* [[Peripheral neuropathy]]
* [[Arthralgia]]
==External links==
*[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682550.html Medline Plus drug information]
[[Category:Antibiotics]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis]]
{{Antimycobacterials}}
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