Eugen Bleuler 276370 222465362 2008-06-29T14:03:05Z DOI bot 6652755 Citation maintenance. Formatted: title. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]]. {{Infobox Scientist |name = Eugen Bleuler |box_width =250px |image = Bleuler.png |image_width = 150px |caption = |birth_date = [[April 30]], [[1857]] |birth_place = [[Zollikon]], [[Switzerland]] |death_date = [[July 15]], [[1939]] |death_place = [[Zürich|Zurich]], Switzerland |residence = Zurich |citizenship = [[Swiss people|Swiss]] |nationality = |ethnicity = [[Germans|German]] |field = [[Psychiatry]] |work_institutions = [[Rheinau, Switzerland|Rheinau]]-[[Zurich]] clinic<br>[[Burghölzli]] clinic<br>[[University of Zurich|Univ. of Zurich]] |alma_mater = Univ. of Zurich |doctoral_advisor = [[Jean-Martin Charcot]]<br>[[Bernhard von Gudden]] |doctoral_students = Manfred Bleuler |known_for = [[Schizophrenia]]<br>[[Autism]] |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = [[August Forel]]<br>[[Sigmund Freud]] |influenced = [[Carl Jung]] |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = }} {{redirect|Bleuler|other people with the surname "Bleuler"|Bleuler (surname)}} '''Paul Eugen Bleuler''' ([[April 30]], [[1857]] – [[July 15]], [[1939]]<ref>Eugen Bleuler. www.whonamedit.com. URL: [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1294.html http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1294.html]. Accessed on: May 2, 2007.</ref>) was a [[Swiss]] [[psychiatry|psychiatrist]] most notable for his contributions to the understanding of mental illness and coining the term [[schizophrenia]]. Bleuler was born in [[Zollikon]], a small town near [[Zurich]] in [[Switzerland]], to Johann Rudolf Bleuler, a wealthy farmer, and Pauline Bleuler-Bleuler. He studied [[medicine]] in Zurich, and later studied in [[Paris]], [[London]] and [[Munich]] after which he returned to Zurich to take a post as an intern at the [[Burghölzli]], a university hospital. In [[1886]] Bleuler became the director of a psychiatric clinic at [[Rheinau, Switzerland|Rheinau]], a hospital located in an old monastery on an island in the [[Rhine]]. Rheinau was noted at the time for being backward, and Bleuler set about improving conditions for the patients resident there. Bleuler returned to the [[Burghölzli]] in [[1898]] where he was appointed director. In the 1890s Bleuler became interested in [[Sigmund Freud]]'s work, favorably reviewing [[Joseph Breuer]] and [[Sigmund Freud]]'s Studies on Hysteria. Like Freud, Bleuler believed that complex mental processes could be unconscious. He encouraged his staff at the [[Burghölzli]] to study unconscious and psychotic mental phenomena. Influenced by Bleuler, [[Carl Jung]] and [[Franz Riklin]] used word association tests to integrate Freud's theory of repression with empirical psychological findings. For a time Bleuler even consulted Freud about his own self-analysis. As the leader of a major teaching and research hospital, Bleuler's support for Freud was very important to the early growth of [[psychoanalysis]]. By 1911, however, Bleuler withdrew his support for [[psychoanalysis]]. Bleuler is particularly notable for naming ''[[schizophrenia]]'', a disorder which was previously known as ''[[dementia praecox]]''. Bleuler realized the condition was neither a [[dementia]], nor did it always occur in young people (''praecox'' meaning early) and so gave the condition the purportedly less stigmatising but still controversial name from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] roots ''schizein'' (σχίζειν, "to split") and ''phrēn'', ''phren-'' (φρήν, φρεν-, "[[mind]]"). Bleuler treated celebrated [[Russians|Russian]] [[Ballet|ballet dancer]] [[Vaslav Nijinsky]] after his breakdown in [[1919]]. Bleuler coined the [[New Latin]] word ''autismus'' (English translation ''[[autism]]'') in 1910 as he was defining symptoms of schizophrenia, deriving it from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''autos'' (αὐτός, meaning ''self'').<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kuhn R; tr. Cahn CH|title=Eugen Bleuler's concepts of psychopathology|journal=Hist Psychiatry|volume=15|issue=3|date=2004|pages=361–66|doi=10.1177/0957154X04044603|pmid=15386868}} The quote is a translation of Bleuler's 1910 original.</ref> According to the ''Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis'' by [[Charles Rycroft]], it was Bleuler who introduced the term ''[[ambivalence]]'' (in 1911). Bleuler is also recognized today for having a different neurological disorder called [[Synesthesia]], in which information from the sensory systems crosses over with the result that an individual experiences one sensation as another -- tasting colours, hearing numbers or seeing music, for example. ==References== {{reflist}} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:18058081 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18058081 |last=Tölle |first=R |publication-date=2008 Jan |year=[[2008]] |title=[Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939) and German psychiatry] |volume=79 |issue=1 |periodical=Der Nervenarzt |pages=90–6, 98 |doi = 10.1007/s00115-007-2379-9 |journal=Der Nervenarzt }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:17537145 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17537145 |last=Falzeder |first=Ernst |publication-date=2007 Jun |year=[[2007]] |title=The story of an ambivalent relationship: Sigmund Freud and Eugen Bleuler |volume=52 |issue=3 |periodical=The Journal of analytical psychology |pages=343–68 |doi = 10.1111/j.1468-5922.2007.00666.x |journal=Der Nervenarzt }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:17144374 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17144374 |last=Bernet |first=Brigitta |publication-date=2006 |year=[[2006]] |title=[Associative disorder. 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Revue canadienne de psychiatrie |pages=161–6 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:5320265 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5320265 |last=Gärtner |first=J K |publication-date=1965 Feb 20 |year=[[1965]] |title=[Significance of Eugen Bleuler in the development of general medical practice] |volume=41 |issue=5 |periodical=Der Landarzt |pages=187–91 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:13505951 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13505951 |last=KLAESI |first=J |publication-date=1957 Dec |year=[[1957]] |title=[On the hundredth birthday of Eugen Bleuler.] |volume=134 |issue=6 |periodical=Psychiatria et neurologia |pages=353–61 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:13458491 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13458491 |last=KRAPF |first=E E |publication-date=1957 Oct |year=[[1957]] |title=Response to fellowship lecture on Eugen Bleuler |volume=114 |issue=4 |periodical=The American journal of psychiatry |pages=299–302 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:13458490 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13458490 |last=ZILBOORG |first=G |publication-date=1957 Oct |year=[[1957]] |title=Eugen Bleuler and present-day psychiatry |volume=114 |issue=4 |periodical=The American journal of psychiatry |pages=289–98 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:13467185 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13467185 |last=BINSWANGER |first=L |publication-date=1957 Aug 31 |year=[[1957]] |title=[Recollections regarding Eugen Bleuler.] |volume=87 |issue=35-36 |periodical=Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift |pages=1112–3 }} George Makari, Revolution in Mind:The Creation of Psychoanalysis, (Harper Collins, 2008) ==External links== *[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9015643/Eugen-Bleuler Eugen Bleuler] - [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]. *[http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/reprint/114/4/299.pdf Response to fellowship lecture on Eugen Bleuler] - Comments by E.E. Krapf in the [[American Journal of Psychiatry]] (PMID 13458491). {{DEFAULTSORT:Bleuler, Eugene}} [[Category:1857 births]] [[Category:1939 deaths]] [[Category:Swiss psychiatrists]] [[Category:People associated with the University of Zurich]] [[Category:History of neuroscience]] [[de:Eugen Bleuler]] [[es:Eugen Bleuler]] [[fr:Eugen Bleuler]] [[ga:Eugen Bleuler]] [[it:Eugen Bleuler]] [[ku:Eugen Bleuler]] [[nl:Eugen Bleuler]] [[ja:オイゲン・ブロイラー]] [[pl:Eugen Bleuler]] [[pt:Eugen Bleuler]] [[ro:Paul Eugen Bleuler]] [[ru:Блейлер, Эйген]] [[sk:Eugene Bleuler]] [[fi:Eugen Bleuler]] [[sv:Eugen Bleuler]]