Euphrasia 2238642 224901303 2008-07-10T22:30:49Z Dysmorodrepanis 303688 copyedit :''For the [[Canada|Canadian]] [[township]], see [[Euphrasia Township, Ontario]]. For the band, see [[Euphrasia (band)]]. For the saint, see [[Euphrasia (Eupraxia) of Constantinople]]. See also [[Eufrasia of the Sacred Heart of Jesus]]'' {{Taxobox | name = ''Euphrasia'' | image = Augentrost.jpg | image_width = 220px | image_caption = ''[[Euphrasia rostkoviana]]'' | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | subclassis = [[Asteridae]] | unranked_ordo = [[Euasterids I]] | ordo = [[Lamiales]] | familia = [[Orobanchaceae]] | genus = '''''Euphrasia''''' | genus_authority = L. | subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] | subdivision = About 450, see [[#Selected species|text]] }} '''''Euphrasia''''' ('''Eyebright''') is a [[genus]] of about 450 [[species]] of [[Herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] [[flowering plant]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Orobanchaceae]] (formerly included in the [[Scrophulariaceae]]), with a [[cosmopolitan distribution]]. They are [[parasite|semi-parasitic]] on [[Poaceae|grasses]]. The common name refers to the plant's use in treating eye [[infection]]s. Many species are found in [[alpine meadow|alpine]] or sub-alpine meadows where snow is common. Flowers usually are borne terminally, are [[zygomorphic]], and have a lower petal shaped like a lip. The most common flower colours are purple, blue-white, and violet. Some species have yellow markings on the lower petal to act as a guide to pollinating insects. Alternative names, mainly in [[herbalism]], are ''Augentrostkraut, Euphrasiae herba, Herba Euphrasiae'' and ''Herbe d'Euphraise''. ==Use in herbalism and medicine== The plant was known to classical [[herbalist]]s, but then was not referred to until mentioned again in [[1305]]. [[Nicholas Culpeper]] assigned it to the [[leo (astrology)|Leo]], claiming that it strengthened the brain. It was also used to treat bad [[memory]] and [[vertigo (medical)|vertigo]].<ref>Howard (1987): p.136</ref> Herbalists use eyebright as a [[poultice]] with or without concurrent administration of a tea for the redness, swelling, and visual disturbances caused by [[blepharitis]] and [[conjunctivitis]]. The herb is also used for [[eyestrain]] and to relieve inflammation caused by [[colds]], [[cough]]s, [[sinus infection]]s, [[sore throat]]s and [[hay fever]]. Parts used include the leaf, the stem, and small pieces of the flowers. Typical preparations include a warm compress or tea. Eyebright preparations are also available as an extract or capsule. The safety of this herb during [[pregnancy]] and [[lactation]] is not proven. ==Selected species== [[Image:Euphrasia alpina Alpen-Augentrost.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Euphrasia alpina]]'']] [[Image:Euphrasia minima.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Euphrasia minima]]'']] <div float="left"> {{col-begin|width=70%}} {{col-1-of-2}} * ''[[Euphrasia × aequalis]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia alpina]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia alsa]]'' <small>F.Muell.</small> * ''[[Euphrasia anglica]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia arctica]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia arguta]]'' - believed [[extinct]], rediscovered 2008 * ''[[Euphrasia brevipila]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia cambrica]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia campbelliae]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia collina]]'' <small>R.Br.</small> &ndash; [[Purple Eyebright]] ** ''Euphrasia collina'' ssp. ''muelleri'' &ndash; [[Mueller's Eyebright]] ** ''Euphrasia collina'' ssp. ''osbornii'' &ndash; [[Osborn's Eyebright]] * ''[[Euphrasia confusa]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia fabula]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia fennica]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia foulaensis]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia fragosa]]'' &ndash; [[Shy Eyebright]], [[Southport Eyebright]] * ''[[Euphrasia frigida]]'' &ndash; [[Cold-weather Eyebright]] * ''[[Euphrasia gibbsiae]]'' ** ''Euphrasia gibbsiae'' ssp. ''psilantherea'' * ''[[Euphrasia glabrescens]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia heslop-harrisonii]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia hirtella]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia hudsoniana]]'' &ndash; [[Hudson's Eyebright]] * ''[[Euphrasia marshallii]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia micrantha]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia minima]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia nemorosa]]'' &ndash; [[Common Eyebright]] {{col-2-of-2}} * ''[[Euphrasia oakesii]]'' &ndash; [[Oakes' Eyebright]] * ''[[Euphrasia officinalis]]'' &ndash; [[Red Eyebright]], "[[figwort]]" * ''[[Euphrasia ostenfeldii]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia parviflora]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia pseudokerneri]]'' &ndash; [[Chalk Eyebright]] * ''[[Euphrasia randii]]'' &ndash; [[Small Eyebright]] * ''[[Euphrasia rivularis]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia rostkoviana]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia rotundifolia]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia ruptura]]'' - [[extinct]] * ''[[Euphrasia salisburgensis]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia scabra]]'' <small>R.Br.</small> &ndash; [[Rough Eyebright]] * ''[[Euphrasia scottica]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia semipicta]]'' &ndash; [[Peninsula Eyebright]] * ''[[Euphrasia striata]]'' <small>R.Br.</small> * ''[[Euphrasia stricta]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia subarctica]]'' &ndash; [[Arctic Eyebright]] * ''[[Euphrasia suborbicularis]]'' &ndash; [[Roundleaf Eyebright]] * ''[[Euphrasia tatrae]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia tetraquetra]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia vernalis]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia × vestita]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia vigursii]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia × villosa]]'' * ''[[Euphrasia vinacea]]'' &ndash; [[Glacier Eyebright]] * ''[[Euphrasia zelandica]]'' * ''Euphrasia'' sp. 'Bivouac Bay'<ref>Also known as ''Euphrasia'' sp. 'fabula'; related to but not identical with ''[[Euphrasia fabula|E. fabula]]''.</ref> &ndash; [[Bivouac Bay Eyebright]] {{col-end}} </div> ==Footnotes== {{Reflist}} ==References== {{commonscat}} * {{aut|Howard, Michael}} (1987): ''Traditional Folk Remedies''. Century. {{Lamiales-stub}} [[Category:Orobanchaceae]] [[bg:Очанка]] [[da:Øjentrøst]] [[de:Augentrost]] [[es:Euphrasia]] [[fr:Euphraise]] [[hsb:Swětlik]] [[ka:კორდისკბილა]] [[lt:Akišveitė]] [[nl:Ogentroost]] [[pl:Świetlik (roślina)]] [[pt:Euphrasia]] [[sv:Ögontröst]]