Eye proptosis
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2008-06-06T02:25:38Z
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/* In humans */
{{for|proptosis of the eye in humans|Exophthalmos}}
[[Image:Eye proptosis.JPG|thumb|Eye proptosis]]
'''Eye proptosis''' is a condition resulting in forward displacement and entrapment of the eye from behind by the [[eyelid]]s. The condition is also known as '''eye dislocation''' and '''eye luxation'''. It is a common result of [[head trauma]] in [[dog]]s. Most commonly it occurs in [[cephalic index|brachycephalic]] (short nosed) breeds. In cats, eye proptosis is uncommon and is often accompanied by facial fractures.<ref>{{cite web | title = Prolapse of the Eye | work = The Merck Veterinary Manual | date = 2006 | url = http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/30119.htm | accessdate = 2007-03-23 }}</ref>
About 40 percent of proptosed eyes retain vision after being replaced in the [[orbit (anatomy)|orbit]], but in cats very few retain vision.<ref>{{cite web | last = Gelatt | first = Kirk | title = Treatment of Orbital Diseases in Small Animals | work = Proceedings of the 27th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association | date = 2002 | url = http://www.vin.com/proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2002&PID=2641 | accessdate = 2007-03-23 }}</ref> Replacement of the eye requires general [[anesthesia]]. The eyelids are pulled outward, and the eye is gently pushed back into place. The eyelids are sewn together in a procedure known as [[tarsorrhaphy]] for about five days to keep the eye in place.<ref name=Gelatt_1999>{{cite book|author=Gelatt, Kirk N. (ed.)|title=Veterinary Ophthalmology|edition=3rd ed.|publisher=Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins|year=1999|id=ISBN 0-683-30076-8}}</ref> Replaced eyes have a higher rate [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca]] and [[keratitis]] and often require lifelong treatment. If there is severe damage, the eye is removed in a relatively simple [[surgery]] known as [[enucleation]].
The [[prognosis]] for a replaced eye is determined by the extent of damage to the [[cornea]] and [[sclera]], the presence or absence of a [[pupillary light reflex]], and the presence of ruptured [[muscles of orbit|rectus muscle]]s. The rectus muscles normally help hold the eye in place and direct eye movement. Rupture of more than two rectus muscles usually requires that the eye be removed, because there is usually also significant blood vessel and nerve damage.<ref name=Gelatt_1999/> Compared to brachycephalic breeds, dochilocephalic (long nosed) breeds usually have more trauma to the eye and its surrounding structures, so there is a worse prognosis.<ref>{{cite web | last = Bjerk | first = Ellen | title = Ocular Injuries in General Practice | work = Proceedings of the 29th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association | date = 2004 | url = http://www.vin.com/proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2004&PID=8722&O=Generic | accessdate = 2007-03-23 }}</ref>
== In humans ==
{{main|Exophthalmos}}
Although human eye proptosis or luxation is uncommon, both women and men have attempted the [[Guinness World Record]] for "eye-popping". Eye luxation is therefore not unique to dogs and can be acquired from natural causes at birth, rather than from head trauma. Proptosis is also seen in association with [[Graves' Disease]], a form of hyperthyroidism.
Although [[Cláudio Paulo Pinto]], who is the [[Brazil]]ian record holder for eye-popping, can "pop" his out {{convert|7|mm|in|2|lk=on}}, the current world record holder is [[Kim Goodman]] of [[Chicago]] who can extend her globes {{convert|11|mm|in|2|lk=on}} out of her sockets.<ref name=yahoo>{{cite web | title = Man Sets Sights on Eye-Popping Record | work = ABC News International | date = Sept. 18, 2006 | url = http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=2459769&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312 | accessdate = 2007-01-05 }}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Dog diseases]]
[[Category:Cat diseases]]
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
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