F 10831 225590709 2008-07-14T13:23:46Z JAnDbot 1725149 robot Modifying: [[uz:F (harf)]] {{otherusesof}} {{dablink|For [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)#Characters totally forbidden in page titles|technical reasons]], F# redirects here. For other uses, see [[F-sharp]]}} {{wiktionarypar2|F|f}} {{Latin alphabet navbox|uc=F|lc=f}} '''F''' is the sixth letter in the [[Latin alphabet]]. Its name in [[English language|English]] is spelled '''ef''' or '''eff'''<ref>''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language''. 1976.</ref> ({{pronEng|ɛf}}). ==History== {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;" |- bgcolor="#EEEEEE" ! Proto-Semitic W ! Phoenician W ! Etruscan W ! Greek Digamma (W) ! Roman F |----- |[[Image:Proto-semiticW-01.png]] |[[Image:PhoenicianW-01.png]] |[[Image:EtruscanF-01.svg|40px]] |[[Image:GreekDigamma-01.png]] |[[Image:RomanF-01.png|Roman F]] |} The origin of F is the [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] letter [[Waw (letter)|''vâv'']] that represented the sound /v/, and originally probably represented either a "hook" or a "club". It may have been based on a comparable [[Egyptian hieroglyph]], such as that for "mace": <hiero>T3</hiero> The Phoenician form of the letter was adopted into Greek as a vowel, ''[[upsilon]]'' (which resembled its descendant, [[Y]], but was also ancestor to Roman letters [[U]], [[V]], and [[W]]); and with another form, as a consonant, ''[[digamma]]'', which resembled our letter F, but was pronounced /w/, as in Phoenician. (Later on, this /w/ [[phoneme]] disappeared from Greek, resulting in ''digamma'' being used as a numeral only.) In Etruscan, F also stood for /w/; however, they came up with the innovation of using the [[Digraph (orthography)|digraph]] FH to represent the sound /f/, and the letter acquired this sound on its own when the Romans picked it up (since they had already borrowed U independently from Greek ''upsilon'' to stand for /w/). The letter [[phi]] (Φ φ) came to approximate the sound of /f/ in Greek. The [[lower case]] ''f'' is not to be confused with ''{{IPA|ſ}}'', the archaic ''[[long s]]'' (or ''medial s''). For example, "sinfulness" is rendered as "{{IPA|ſinfulneſs}}" using the ''long s''. The use of the ''long s'' died out by the end of the 19th century, largely to prevent confusion with ''f''. ==Codes for computing== {{Letter |NATO=Foxtrot |Morse=··–· |Character=F6 |Braille=⠋ }} In [[Unicode]] the [[majuscule|capital]] F codepoint is U+0046, the [[Lower case|lowercase]] f codepoint U+0066. The [[ASCII]] code for capital F is 70 and for lowercase f is 102; or in [[Binary numeral system|binary]] 01000110 and 01100110, correspondingly. The [[EBCDIC]] code for capital F is 198 and for lowercase f is 134. The [[numeric character reference]]s in [[HTML]] and [[XML]] are "<tt>&amp;#70;</tt>" and "<tt>&amp;#102;</tt>" for upper and lower case respectively. ==Ligatures== [[Image:Ligature drawing.svg|thumb|left|75px|Common f ligatures.]] In formal [[typography]], particularly for [[serif]]ed fonts, [[Lower case|minuscule]] f is one of the most commonly [[ligature (typography)|ligate]]d letters. Unicode provides the following ligatures of f, l and i: '''ff''', '''fi''', '''fl''', '''ffi''' and '''ffl''' (U+fb00 through U+fb04). <br clear="all" /> ==Variants of F== *The '''F with hook''' or '''script F''' (Unicode U+0191 and U+0192, Ƒ and ƒ) is used in the transcription of [[Kabye language|Kabye]] and other West African languages for the [[voiceless bilabial fricative]]. Lowercase ''ƒ'' is the [[currency sign]] for the [[Dutch gulden]] (which no longer exists as of the introduction of the [[euro]]) *'''F with dot above''' (Unicode U+1e1e and U+1e1f, Ḟ and ḟ) is used in the old orthography of [[Irish language|Irish]] *The [[French Franc]] can be indicated by FF or ₣ (Unicode U+20a3) *In mathematics, the '''script capital F''' (Unicode U+2131, ℱ) often represents the [[Fourier transform]] *There also exist: **The '''turned F''' (Unicode U+2132 and U+214E, Ⅎ and ⅎ), a letter that the Roman Emperor [[Claudius]] attempted to add to the [[Latin alphabet]] **The '''parenthesized small F''' (Unicode U+24a1, ⒡) **The '''circled F''' (Unicode U+24bb and U+24d5, Ⓕ and ⓕ) == See also == {{Commons|F}} *[[Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф, ф - Ef (Cyrillic)]] *[[Phi (letter)|Φ, φ or ϕ - Phi (Greek)]] == References== {{reflist}} {{Latin alphabet}} [[Category:Latin letters]] [[af:F]] [[als:F]] [[ar:F]] [[arc:F]] [[ast:F]] [[az:F]] [[bs:F]] [[br:F (lizherenn)]] [[ca:F]] [[cs:F]] [[co:F]] [[cy:F]] [[da:F]] [[de:F]] [[dv:F]] [[el:F]] [[es:F]] [[eo:F]] [[eu:F]] [[fa:F]] [[fr:F (lettre)]] [[fur:F]] [[gan:F]] [[gd:F]] [[gl:F]] [[ko:F]] [[hr:F]] [[ilo:F]] [[is:F]] [[it:F]] [[he:F]] [[ka:F]] [[kw:F]] [[sw:F]] [[ht:F]] [[la:F]] [[lv:F]] [[lt:F]] [[hu:F]] [[mzn:F]] [[ms:F]] [[nah:F]] [[nl:F (letter)]] [[ja:F]] [[no:F]] [[nn:F]] [[nrm:F]] [[uz:F (harf)]] [[pl:F]] [[pt:F]] [[crh:F]] [[ro:F]] [[qu:F]] [[ru:F (латиница)]] [[se:F]] [[scn:F]] [[simple:F]] [[sk:F]] [[sl:F]] [[sr:F (слово латинице)]] [[sh:F]] [[fi:F]] [[sv:F]] [[tl:F]] [[th:F]] [[vi:F]] [[tr:F]] [[uk:F (латиниця)]] [[vo:F]] [[yo:F]] [[zh-yue:F]] [[bat-smg:F]] [[zh:F]]