FAD 1491100 225639521 2008-07-14T18:04:31Z Shingra 637279 {{Chembox new | ImageFile = flavin adenine dinucleotide.png | ImageSize = | IUPACName = | OtherNames = | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 146-14-5 | PubChem = 703 | SMILES = | MeSHName = Flavin-Adenine+Dinucleotide }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Formula = C<sub>27</sub>H<sub>33</sub>N<sub>9</sub>O<sub>15</sub>P<sub>2</sub> | MolarMass = 785.55 | Appearance = | Density = | MeltingPt = | BoilingPt = }} | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards | Solubility = | MainHazards = | FlashPt = | Autoignition = }} }} {{Otheruses}} In [[biochemistry]], '''flavin adenine dinucleotide''' ('''FAD''') is a [[redox]] [[Cofactor (biochemistry)|cofactor]] involved in several important reactions in [[metabolism]]. FAD can exist in two different redox states and its biochemical role usually involves changing between these two states. FAD can be reduced to the FADH<sub>2</sub>, whereby it accepts two hydrogen atoms: :[[Image:FAD FADH2 equlibrium.png|422px]] FADH<sub>2</sub> is an energy-carrying molecule, and the reduced coenzyme can be used as a substrate for [[oxidative phosphorylation]] in the [[mitochondria]]. FADH<sub>2</sub> is reoxidized to FAD, which makes it possible to produce two moles of the universal energy carrier [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]]. The primary sources of reduced FAD in [[eukaryotic]] metabolism are the [[citric acid cycle]] and the [[beta oxidation]] reaction pathways. In the citric acid cycle, FAD is a [[prosthetic group]] in the enzyme [[succinate dehydrogenase]] that oxidizes succinate to fumarate, whereas in beta oxidation it serves as a coenzyme in the reaction of [[acyl CoA dehydrogenase]]. FAD is derived from [[riboflavin]], or vitamin B<sub>2</sub>. Many [[oxidoreductases]], called flavoenzymes or [[flavoprotein]]s, require FAD as a prosthetic group which functions in electron transfers. ==Additional images== <gallery> Image:Riboflavin.png|[[Riboflavin]] Image:flavin adenine dinucleotide H2.png|[[FADH2]] Image:Adenine chemical structure.png|[[Adenine]] </gallery> {{biochem-stub}} [[Category:Nucleotides]] [[Category:Cofactors]] [[Category:Flavins]] {{Enzyme cofactors}} [[de:Flavin-Adenin-Dinukleotid]] [[es:Flavín adenín dinucleótido]] [[fr:Flavine adénine dinucléotide]] [[ko:FAD]] [[it:Flavin adenina dinucleotide]] [[oc:Flavina adenina dinucleotid]] [[pl:Dinukleotyd flawinoadeninowy]] [[fi:FAD]] [[sv:FAD]]