FAD
1491100
225639521
2008-07-14T18:04:31Z
Shingra
637279
{{Chembox new
| ImageFile = flavin adenine dinucleotide.png
| ImageSize =
| IUPACName =
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 146-14-5
| PubChem = 703
| SMILES =
| MeSHName = Flavin-Adenine+Dinucleotide
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C<sub>27</sub>H<sub>33</sub>N<sub>9</sub>O<sub>15</sub>P<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass = 785.55
| Appearance =
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}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| Solubility =
| MainHazards =
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}}
{{Otheruses}}
In [[biochemistry]], '''flavin adenine dinucleotide''' ('''FAD''') is a [[redox]] [[Cofactor (biochemistry)|cofactor]] involved in several important reactions in [[metabolism]]. FAD can exist in two different redox states and its biochemical role usually involves changing between these two states. FAD can be reduced to the FADH<sub>2</sub>, whereby it accepts two hydrogen atoms:
:[[Image:FAD FADH2 equlibrium.png|422px]]
FADH<sub>2</sub> is an energy-carrying molecule, and the reduced coenzyme can be used as a substrate for [[oxidative phosphorylation]] in the [[mitochondria]]. FADH<sub>2</sub> is reoxidized to FAD, which makes it possible to produce two moles of the universal energy carrier [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]]. The primary sources of reduced FAD in [[eukaryotic]] metabolism are the [[citric acid cycle]] and the [[beta oxidation]] reaction pathways. In the citric acid cycle, FAD is a [[prosthetic group]] in the enzyme [[succinate dehydrogenase]] that oxidizes succinate to fumarate, whereas in beta oxidation it serves as a coenzyme in the reaction of [[acyl CoA dehydrogenase]].
FAD is derived from [[riboflavin]], or vitamin B<sub>2</sub>. Many [[oxidoreductases]], called flavoenzymes or [[flavoprotein]]s, require FAD as a prosthetic group which functions in electron transfers.
==Additional images==
<gallery>
Image:Riboflavin.png|[[Riboflavin]]
Image:flavin adenine dinucleotide H2.png|[[FADH2]]
Image:Adenine chemical structure.png|[[Adenine]]
</gallery>
{{biochem-stub}}
[[Category:Nucleotides]]
[[Category:Cofactors]]
[[Category:Flavins]]
{{Enzyme cofactors}}
[[de:Flavin-Adenin-Dinukleotid]]
[[es:Flavín adenín dinucleótido]]
[[fr:Flavine adénine dinucléotide]]
[[ko:FAD]]
[[it:Flavin adenina dinucleotide]]
[[oc:Flavina adenina dinucleotid]]
[[pl:Dinukleotyd flawinoadeninowy]]
[[fi:FAD]]
[[sv:FAD]]