Factor VII 1184163 224257071 2008-07-08T00:57:16Z ProteinBoxBot 3991663 Replaced protein Box Template with PBB Template for easy viewing. {{PBB|geneid=2155}} '''Factor VII''' (formerly known as '''proconvertin''') is one of the central [[protein]]s in the [[coagulation|coagulation cascade]]. It is an [[enzyme]] ({{EC number|3.4.21.21}}) of the [[serine protease]] class. ==Physiology== The main role of factor VII (FVII) is to initiate the process of coagulation in conjunction with [[tissue factor]] (TF). Tissue factor is found on the outside of blood vessels - normally not exposed to the bloodstream. Upon vessel injury, tissue factor is exposed to the blood and circulating factor VII. Once bound to TF, FVII is activated to FVIIa by different proteases, among which are thrombin (factor IIa), activated factor X and the FVIIa-TF complex itself. The most important substrates for FVIIa-TF are [[Factor X]] and [[Factor IX]]. The action of the factor is impeded by [[tissue factor pathway inhibitor]] (TFPI), which is released almost immediately after initiation of coagulation. Factor VII is [[vitamin K]] dependent; it is produced in the [[liver]]. Use of [[warfarin]] or similar [[anticoagulant]]s impairs its function. ==Genetics== The [[gene]] for factor VII is located on [[chromosome]] 13 (13q34). ==Role in disease== Deficiency is rare (congenital proconvertin deficiency) and inherits recessively. ==Therapeutic use== [[Recombinant]] human factor VIIa (NovoSeven, eptacog alfa [activated], ATC code B02BD08) has been introduced for use in uncontrollable [[hemorrhage|bleeding]] in [[hemophilia]] patients (with [[Factor VIII]] or [[Factor IX|IX]] deficiency) who have developed inhibitors against replacement coagulation factor. It is being increasingly used in uncontrollable hemorrhage.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Roberts H, Monroe D, White G |title=The use of recombinant factor VIIa in the treatment of bleeding disorders |journal=Blood |volume=104 |issue=13 |pages=3858–64 |year=2004 |pmid=15328151 |doi=10.1182/blood-2004-06-2223}}</ref> The first report of its use was in an [[Israel]]i soldier with uncontrollable bleeding in 1999.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kenet G, Walden R, Eldad A, Martinowitz U |title=Treatment of traumatic bleeding with recombinant factor VIIa |journal=Lancet |volume=354 |issue=9193 |pages=1879 |year=1999 |pmid=10584732 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(99)05155-7}}</ref> The rationale for its use in hemorrhage is, that it will only induce coagulation in those sites where tissue factor (TF) is also present. Still, O'Connell ''et al'' report an increased risk of [[deep vein thrombosis]], [[pulmonary embolism]] and [[myocardial infarction]] in association with the use of rhFVIIa.<ref>{{cite journal |author=O'Connell K, Wood J, Wise R, Lozier J, Braun M |title=Thromboembolic adverse events after use of recombinant human coagulation factor VIIa |journal=JAMA |volume=295 |issue=3 |pages=293–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16418464 |doi=10.1001/jama.295.3.293}}</ref> According to a 2005 study, recombinant human factor VII improves outcomes in acute [[intracerebral hemorrhage]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mayer S, Brun N, Begtrup K, Broderick J, Davis S, Diringer M, Skolnick B, Steiner T |title=Recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=352 |issue=8 |pages=777–85 |year=2005 |pmid=15728810 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa042991}}</ref> ==References== <references/> ==External links== *[http://www.novoseven-us.com Web site for novoseven-us.com] ==Further reading== {{refbegin | 2}} {{PBB_Further_reading | citations = *{{cite journal | author=Versteeg HH, Peppelenbosch MP, Spek CA |title=The pleiotropic effects of tissue factor: a possible role for factor VIIa-induced intracellular signalling? |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=86 |issue= 6 |pages= 1353–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11776298 |doi= }} *{{cite journal | author=Golino P |title=The inhibitors of the tissue factor:factor VII pathway |journal=Thromb. Res. |volume=106 |issue= 3 |pages= V257–65 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12356487 |doi= }} }} {{refend}} {{Coagulation}} [[Category:Coagulation system]] [[Category:EC 3.4.21]] [[Category:Peripheral membrane proteins]] [[ca:Factor VII]] [[de:Proconvertin]] [[fr:Proconvertine]] [[pl:Prokonwertyna]] [[sv:Faktor VII]] <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. --> {{PBB_Controls | update_page = yes | require_manual_inspection = no | update_protein_box = yes | update_summary = no | update_citations = yes }}