Faisal of Saudi Arabia 207314 225450646 2008-07-13T19:31:42Z Kaare 16805 da: {{Saudibox_begin | name = فيصل&#32;بن&#32;عبدالعزيز&#32;آل&#32;سعود<br />Faisal bin Abdul Aziz }} {{Saudibox_image | image = [[Image:King faisal of SaudiArabia.jpg|200px]] | caption = }} {{Saudibox_ancestry | name = '''Faisal''' ibn [[Ibn Saud|Abd al-Aziz]] ibn [[Abdul Rahman bin Faisal|Abd al-Rahman]] ibn [[Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud|Faisal]] ibn [[Turki ibn Abdallah|Turki]] Al Saud}} {{Saudibox_offspring}} *[[Abdullah al Faisal|Abdullah]] *[[Muhammad bin Faisal al Saud|Muhammad]] *[[Sara al Faisal|Sara]] *[[Luluwa al Faisal|Luluwa]] *[[Khalid al Faisal|Khalid]] *[[Saud bin Faisal bin Abdul Aziz|Saud]] *[[Sa'd bin Faisal|Sa'd]] *[[‘Abd ar-Rahman bin Faisal|Abd al-Rahman]] *[[Bandar al Faisal|Bandar]] *[[Latifa al Faisal|Latifa]] *[[Munira bint Faysal|Munira]] *[[al-Jauhara bint Faysal|al-Jauhara]] *[[al-Anud bint Faysal|al-Anud]] *[[Misha'il bint Faysal|Misha'il]] *[[Fahda bint Faysal|Fahda]] *[[Nura bint Faysal|Nura]] *[[Turki bin Faisal Al Saud|Turki]] *[[Haifa bint Faisal|Haifa]] {{Saudibox_end}} '''Faisal ibn Abdelaziz Al Saud, King of Saudi Arabia''' (1324-1395 [[Hijri|AH]]) ([[1903]] or [[1906]]&mdash;[[March 25]], [[1975]]) ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: فيصل&#32;بن&#32;عبدالعزيز&#32;آل&#32;سعود) was [[List of kings of Saudi Arabia|King]] of [[Saudi Arabia]] from [[1964]] to [[1975]]. As king he is credited with rescuing the country's finances and implementing a policy of modernization and reform, while his main foreign policy themes were [[pan-Islamism]], [[anti-Communism]], and [[anti-Zionism]].<ref name=EncWB>''[http://www.bookrags.com/biography/faisal-ibn-abd-al-aziz-ibn-saud/ Faisal ibn Abd al Aziz ibn Saud Biography]''. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved 16 March, 2007.</ref><ref name=TIMEOBIT>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917226,00.html "King Faisal: Oil, Wealth and Power"], TIME Magazine, April 7, 1975.</ref> ==Biography== Faisal was born in [[Riyadh]], the third son of Saudi Arabia's founder, [[Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia|Ibn Saud]]. Faisal's mother was Tarfa bint Abdullah ibn Abd al-Latif Aal ash-Shaykh,<ref name=EncEI>Winder, R. Bayly. "Fayṣal b. ʿAbd al- ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al- Raḥman āl Suʿūd (ca. 1323–95/ca. 1906–75)." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C.E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 28 March 2007 <http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-8546> </ref> whom Ibn Saud had married in [[1902]] after capturing Riyadh. She was a descendent of [[Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Wahhab]], and her father was one of Ibn Saud's principal religious teachers and advisers. Being one of Ibn Saud's eldest sons, Faisal was delegated numerous responsibilities during Ibn Saud's quest to consolidate control over Arabia. In [[1925]], Faisal, in command of an army of Saudi loyalists, won a decisive victory in the [[Hijaz]]. In return, he was made the governor of Hijaz the following year.<ref name=EncWB> ''[http://www.bookrags.com/biography/faisal-ibn-abd-al-aziz-ibn-saud/ Faisal ibn Abd al Aziz ibn Saud Biography]''. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved 16 March, 2007.</ref> After the new Saudi kingdom was formalized in [[1932]] Faisal received the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs, a position which he continued to hold until his death, even during his reign as king.<ref>Official website of the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs, [http://www.mofa.gov.sa/Detail.asp?InSectionID=1543&InNewsItemID=24863], accessed March 27, 2007.</ref> Faisal also commanded a section of the Saudi forces that took part in the brief [[Saudi-Yemeni War]] of [[1934]],<ref>Rizk, Yunan Labib, [http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/681/chrncls.htm "Monarchs in War"], Al-Ahram Weekly Online, Issue No. 681, 11-17 March, 2004, URL accessed Mar 27, 2007.</ref> successfully fighting off [[Yemeni]] claims over Saudi Arabia's southern provinces. ==Crown Prince and Prime Minister== Upon the ascension of Faisal's elder brother, [[King Saud|Saud]], to the throne in [[1953]], Faisal was appointed [[Crown Prince]]. Saud, however, embarked on a lavish and ill-considered spending program<ref name=EncWB> ''[http://www.bookrags.com/biography/faisal-ibn-abd-al-aziz-ibn-saud/ Faisal ibn Abd al Aziz ibn Saud Biography]''. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved 16 March, 2007.</ref> that included the construction of a massive royal residence on the outskirts of the capital, Riyadh. He also faced pressure from neighboring [[Egypt]], where [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] had overthrown the monarchy in [[1952]]. Nasser was able to cultivate a group of dissident princes led by [[Talal ibn Abdul Aziz]] who defected to Egypt (see [[Free Princes]]). Fearing that Saud's financial policies were bringing the state to the brink of collapse, and that his handling of foreign affairs was inept, senior members of the royal family and the religious leadership (the "[[ulema]]") pressured Saud into appointing Faisal to the position of prime minister in [[1958]], giving Faisal wide executive powers.<ref name=EoO>''King Faisal'', Encyclopedia of the Orient, http://lexicorient.com/e.o/faisal.htm, retrieved Mar 27, 2007.</ref> In this new position, Faisal set about cutting spending dramatically in an effort to rescue the state treasury from bankruptcy. This policy of financial prudence was to become a hallmark of his era and earned him a reputation for thriftiness among the populace. A power struggle ensued thereafter between Saud and Faisal, and on 18 December, 1960, Faisal resigned as prime minister in protest, arguing that Saud was frustrating his financial reforms. Saud took back his executive powers and, having induced Talal to return from Egypt, appointed Talal as minister of finance.<ref>Vassiliev, Alexei, ''The History of Saudi Arabia'', London, UK: Al Saqi Books, 1998, p. 358</ref> In 1962, however, Faisal rallied enough support within the royal family to install himself as prime minister for a second time.<ref name=EoO>''King Faisal'', Encyclopedia of the Orient, http://lexicorient.com/e.o/faisal.htm, retrieved Mar 27, 2007.</ref> It was during this period as head of the Saudi government, that Faisal, though still not king, established his reputation as a reforming and modernizing figure.<ref name=EncWB> ''[http://www.bookrags.com/biography/faisal-ibn-abd-al-aziz-ibn-saud/ Faisal ibn Abd al Aziz ibn Saud Biography]''. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved 16 March, 2007.</ref> He introduced education for women and girls despite the consternation of many conservatives in the religious establishment. To appease the objectors, however, he allowed the female educational curriculum to be written and overseen by members of the religious leadership, a policy which lasted long after Faisal's death. It was also during this time that Faisal formally abolished slavery. In [[1963]], Faisal established the country's first television station, though actual broadcasts would not begin for another two years.<ref>Official website of Saudi Arabian TV, [http://www.info.gov.sa/portals/tv2/categories.php?op=newindex&catid=219-0], accessed March 27, 2007.</ref> As with many of his other policies, the move aroused strong objections from the religious and conservative sections of the country. Faisal assured them, however, that Islamic principles of modesty would be strictly observed, and made sure that the broadcasts contained a large amount of religious programming. ==Struggle with Saud== The struggle with Saud, the king, continued in the background during this time. Taking advantage of the king's absence from the country for medical reasons in early 1963, Faisal began amassing more power for himself. He removed many of Saud's loyalists from their posts and appointed like-minded princes in key military and security positions,<ref name=WYN>Wynbrandt, James, ''A Brief History of Saudi Arabia'', NY: Facts on File, Inc., 2004, p. 221</ref><ref name=vas366>Vassiliev, p. 366-7</ref> such as his brother [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Abdullah]], to whom he gave command of the [[Saudi National Guard|National Guard]] in [[1962]].<ref>Official website of the Saudi National Guard, [http://www.sang.gov.sa/SANGcs/Arabic/Left/Information/History.htm]</ref> Upon Saud's return, Faisal demanded that he be made regent and that Saud be reduced to a purely ceremonial role. In this, he had the crucial backing of the ulema, including an edict (or ''fatwa'') issued by the grand [[mufti]] of Saudi Arabia, a relative of Faisal's on his mother's side, calling on Saud to accede to his brother's demands.<ref name=WYN>Wynbrandt, James, ''A Brief History of Saudi Arabia'', NY: Facts on File, Inc., 2004, p. 225</ref> Saud refused, however, and made a last-ditch attempt to retake executive powers, leading Faisal to order the National Guard to surround Saud's palace. His loyalists outnumbered and outgunned, Saud relented, and on [[March 4]], [[1964]], Faisal was appointed regent. A meeting of the elders of the royal family and the ulema was convened later that year, and a second fatwa was decreed by the grand mufti calling on Saud to abdicate the throne in favor of his brother. The royal family supported the fatwa and immediately informed Saud of their decision. Saud, by now shorn of all his powers, agreed, and Faisal was proclaimed king on [[November 2]], 1964.<ref name=vas366>Vassiliev, Alexei, p. 366-7</ref><ref name=EoO>''King Faisal'', Encyclopedia of the Orient, http://lexicorient.com/e.o/faisal.htm, retrieved Mar 27, 2007.</ref> Shortly thereafter, Saud left into exile in [[Greece]]. ==King of Saudi Arabia== Upon his ascension, Faisal still viewed the restoration of the country's finances to be his main priority. He continued to pursue his conservative financial policies during the first few years of his reign, and his aims of balancing the country's budget eventually succeeded, helped by an increase in oil production. The improved financial situation allowed Faisal to pursue various reforms and modernization projects. Several universities were established or expanded during his rule, and he continued to send a great number of students to foreign universities, especially in the [[United States]]. These students would later form the core of the [[Saudi]] civil service. Many of the country's ministries, government agencies, and welfare programs were begun during Faisal's reign, and he invested heavily in infrastructure.<ref name=EI2>Kostiner, J. "al- Suʿūdiyya , al- Mamlaka al- ʿArabiyya." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C.E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 28 March 2007 <http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-7219> </ref> He also introduced policies such as agricultural and industrial subsidies that were later to reach their height under his successors, [[King Khalid|Khalid]] and [[King Fahd|Fahd]]. Faisal also introduced the country's current system of [[administrative regions]], and laid the foundations for a modern [[Social welfare|welfare]] system. In 1970, he established the Ministry of Justice and inaugurated the country's first "five-year plan" for economic development.<ref name=EI2>Kostiner, J. "al- Suʿūdiyya , al- Mamlaka al- ʿArabiyya." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C.E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 28 March 2007 <http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-7219> </ref> Television broadcasts officially began in [[1965]]. In 1966, an especially zealous nephew of Faisal attacked the newly-established headquarters of Saudi television but was killed by security personnel. The attacker was the brother of Faisal's future assassin, and the incident is the most widely-accepted motive for the murder.<ref>Vassiliev, p. 395</ref> Despite the opposition from conservative Saudis to his reforms, however, Faisal continued to pursue modernization while always making sure to couch his policies in Islamic terms. The [[1950]]'s and [[1960]]'s saw numerous [[coup d'etats]] in the region. [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]'s coup that overthrew the monarchy in oil-rich [[Libya]] in 1969 was especially ominous for Saudi Arabia due the similarity between the two sparsely-populated desert countries.<ref name=vas371>Vassiliev, p. 371</ref> As a result, Faisal undertook to build a sophisticated security apparatus and cracked down firmly on dissent. As in all affairs, Faisal justified these policies in Islamic terms. Early in his reign, when faced by demands for a written constitution for the country, Faisal responded that "our constitution is the [[Quran]]."<ref>Official Website of the Saudi Deptuy Minister of Defense, [http://www.muqatel.com/openshare/Wthaek/Khotob/Khotub13/AKhotub119_6-1.htm_cvt.htm#أم%20القرى], quoting from the official Saudi government journal Umm Al-Qura Issue 2193, 20 October, 1967.</ref> In 1969, Faisal ordered the arrest of hundreds of military officers, including some generals,<ref>Tietelbaum, Joshua, [http://www.iue.it/RSCAS/RestrictedPapers/conmed2003free/200303Teitelbaum12.pdf "A Family Affair: Civil-Military Relations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"], p. 11.</ref><ref name=EncWB> ''[http://www.bookrags.com/biography/faisal-ibn-abd-al-aziz-ibn-saud/ Faisal ibn Abd al Aziz ibn Saud Biography]''. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved 16 March, 2007.</ref> alleging that a military coup was being planned. The arrests were possibly based on a tip from American intelligence,<ref name=vas371>Vassiliev, p. 371</ref> but it is unclear how serious the threat actually was. Faisal also put down protests by Saudi workers employed by the international oil company, [[Aramco]], in the [[Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia|Eastern Province]], and banned the formation of [[labor unions]] in [[1965]]. In compensation for these actions, however, Faisal introduced a far-reaching [[labor law]] with the aim of providing maximum job security for the Saudi workforce. He also introduced pension and social insurance programs for workers despite objections from some of the ulema.<ref>Vassiliev, p. 432</ref> ==Foreign relations== [[Image:Faisal time.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Time (magazine)|''Time'']] [[Person of the Year|Man of the Year]] 1974]] As king, Faisal continued the close alliance with the [[United States]] begun by his father, and relied on the U.S. heavily for arming and training his armed forces. Faisal was also anti-Communist. He refused any political ties with the Soviet Union and other Communist bloc countries, professing to see a complete incompatibility between Communism and Islam,<ref name= EncWB/><ref>''[http://www.the-saudi.net/al-saud/faisal.htm King Faisal Ibn Abdul Aziz Al Saud]''. [http://www.the-saudi.net The Saudi Network].</ref> and associating [[Communism]] with [[Zionism]], which he also criticized sharply. Faisal also supported [[monarchist]] and conservative movements in the Arab world, and sought to counter the influences of [[socialism]] and [[Arab Nationalism]] in the region by promoting [[pan-Islamism]] as an alternative.<ref name=EncEI>Winder, R. Bayly. "Fayṣal b. ʿAbd al- ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al- Raḥman āl Suʿūd (ca. 1323–95/ca. 1906–75)." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C.E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 28 March 2007 <http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-8546> </ref> To that end, he called for the establishment of the Muslim World League, visiting several Muslim countries to advocate the idea. He also engaged in a propaganda and media war with [[Egypt]]'s pan-Arabist president, [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], and engaged in a proxy war with Egypt in [[Yemen]] that lasted until [[1967]] (see [[Yemeni Civil War]]). Faisal never explicitly repudiated pan-Arabism, however, and continued to call for inter-Arab solidarity in broad terms. Following the death of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]] in [[1970]], Faisal drew closer to [[Egypt]]'s new president, [[Anwar Sadat]],<ref name=EncEI>Winder, R. Bayly. "Fayṣal b. ʿAbd al- ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al- Raḥman āl Suʿūd (ca. 1323–95/ca. 1906–75)." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C.E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 28 March 2007 <http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-8546> </ref> who himself was planning a break with the [[Soviet Union]] and a move towards the pro-American camp. During the [[1973 Arab-Israeli War]], launched by Sadat, Faisal withdrew Saudi oil from world markets, in protest over [[Western world|Western]] support for [[Israel]] during the conflict. This action quadrupled the price of oil and was the primary force behind the [[1973 energy crisis]]. It was to be the defining act of Faisal's career, and gained him lasting prestige among many [[Arabs]] and [[Muslims]] world-wide. In [[1974]] he was named [[Time magazine|''Time'' magazine]]'s [[Person of the Year|Man of the Year]], and the financial windfall generated by the crisis fueled the economic boom that occurred in Saudi Arabia after his death. The new oil revenue also allowed Faisal to greatly increase aid and subsidies to Egypt, [[Syria]], and the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]],<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/personoftheyear/archive/stories/1974.html "Faisal and Oil"], TIME Magazine, January 6, 1975.</ref> which had begun following the [[1967 Arab-Israeli War]].<ref name=TIMEOBIT>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917226,00.html "King Faisal: Oil, Wealth and Power"], TIME Magazine, April 7, 1975.</ref> It is a commonly-held, but so far unsubstantiated popular belief in Saudi Arabia and the [[Arab World]] that Faisal's oil boycott was the real cause of his assassination, via a [[Western world|Western]] conspiracy.<ref>[[Muhammad Hassanein Heykal]], "The Saudi Era" (in Arab Reports and Analysis), ''Journal of Palestine Studies'', Vol. 6, No. 4. (Summer, 1977), p. 160. Retrieved via JSTOR [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0377-919X%28197722%296%3A4%3C158%3ATSE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-M]</ref><ref>[[Fred Halliday]], "Political killing in the cold war", Published by openDemocracy Ltd. [http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization/cold_war_2753.jsp] </ref> Faisal also forged a close alliance with [[Pakistan]], where his foreign policies remain popular, and where he is still praised in history textbooks. Lyallpur, [[Pakistan]]'s third biggest city then and the fifth largest now, was renamed [[Faisalabad]] (meaning the "City of Faisal") in [[1979]] in his honor. The [[Faisal Mosque]] in [[Islamabad]], [[Pakistan]] is named after him as well. The main highway in [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]] was renamed [[Shahrah-e-Faisal]] and a suburb close to Karachi Airport was also renamed [[Shah Faisal Colony]].{{Fact|date=March 2007}} ==Assassination== On [[March 25]], [[1975]], Faisal was shot point blank and killed by his half-brother's son [[Faisal bin Musa'id]], who had just come back from the United States. The murder occurred at a ''majlis'', (Arabic for "sitting") an event where the king or leader opens up his residence to the citizens to enter and petition the king. Prince Faisal Bin Musa'id was captured directly after the attack and declared officially insane. He was later found guilty of [[regicide]] and in June 1975 he was [[Decapitation|beheaded]] in the public square in [[Riyadh]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/25/newsid_4233000/4233595.stm 1975: Saudi's King Faisal assassinated], BBC On this Day, 25 March.</ref> Faisal was buried in Riyadh, and was succeeded by his half-brother, [[Khalid of Saudi Arabia|Khalid]]. ==Family== Faisal's sons have held and continue to hold important positions within the Saudi government. His son [[Prince Khalid|Khalid]] was the governor of [[Asir Province]] in southwestern Saudi Arabia for more than three decades before becoming governor of [[Makkah Province]] in 2007, while another son, [[Saud Al-Faisal]], has been the Saudi foreign minister since [[1975]]. A third son, [[Turki bin Faisal Al Saud]] served as head of Saudi intelligence, ambassador to the [[United Kingdom]], and later ambassador to the United States, a post he held from July 2005 until December 2006.<ref>{{cite web | author=Reuters | title=Embassy official: Saudi ambassador to U.S. resigns | publisher=cnn.com | year= 2006 | url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/12/12/usa.saudi.reut/index.html | accessdate=2006-12-17}}</ref> Faisal married several times, but his most prominent wife was [[Iffat Al-Thuniyyan]], raised in [[Turkey]], though a descendant of the members of the [[Al Saud]] clan who were taken to [[Istanbul]] by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] forces in [[1818]] (see [[First Saudi State]]). Iffat is credited with being the influence behind many of her late husband's reforms, particularly with regards to women.<ref name=EncEI>Winder, R. Bayly. "Fayṣal b. ʿAbd al- ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al- Raḥman āl Suʿūd (ca. 1323–95/ca. 1906–75)." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C.E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 28 March 2007 <http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-8546></ref> His sons received exceptional education compared to other princes born to Saudi monarchs. Turki received formal education at prestigious schools in [[New Jersey]], and later attended [[Georgetown University]],{{Fact|date=February 2007}} while Saud is an [[alumnus]] of [[Princeton University|Princeton]]. Faisal's daughter, [[Haifa bint Faisal|Haifa]], is married to his nephew [[Bandar ibn Sultan]], the former long-serving Saudi ambassador to the United States and current Saudi national security advisor. Bandar, the son of an [[African]] concubine, had been all but disowned by his father [[Sultan ibn Abdul Aziz|Sultan]] at the time, due to his perceived inferior lineage. Faisal, however, forced Sultan to recognize Bandar as a legitimate prince by giving Bandar his own daughter's hand in marriage, thus breaking a major taboo in Saudi society at the time. After his death, Faisal's family established the [[King Faisal Foundation]]. ==Antisemitism== In interviews to the Arab press, King Faisal claimed that Jews "started the [[Crusades]] in order to weaken [[Christianity]] and Islam", that they routinely practice the [[blood libel against Jews|ritual murder of Christian and Muslim children]] and "mix their blood into their bread and eat it", and that the Jews are involved in a plot to rule the world.<ref>{{cite book | last = Lewis | first = Bernard | authorlink = Bernard Lewis | title = Semites and anti-Semites: an inquiry into conflict and prejudice | origdate = 1986 | url = | format = GoogleBooks | accessdate = 2007-03-25 | edition = Paperback with new Afterword | year = 1999 | publisher = [[W. W. Norton & Company]] | location = [[New York, NY]] | isbn = 0393318397 | oclc = 41638408 | id = {{LCCN|85|0|26021}} | pages = pg. 194 | chapter = The War Against the Jews | chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0393318397&id=GteStbiDEjAC&pg=PA194&lpg=PA194&ots=aHLCuHuWF1&dq=Semites+and+anti-Semites+:+an+inquiry+into+conflict+and+prejudice+faisal+blood&sig=3plqd_mToAiyUlaORzwtp8fjNG0 | quote = <small>The late King Faisal went on record in interviews in the Arabic press with a series of pronouncements on the role of the Jews in history, as for example, that in the Middle Ages they ‘started the Crusades in order to weaken Christendom and Islam’; that they still habitually practice the ritual murder of Christian and Muslim children and ‘mix their blood into their bread and eat it’; that they are engaged in a secret conspirtacy to rule the world.</small> }} </ref> He habitually presented copies of ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'' and other [[antisemitism|antisemitic]] literature to diplomats, officials, journalists, who visited him,<ref>{{cite book | last = Lewis | first = Bernard | authorlink = Bernard Lewis | title = Semites and anti-Semites: an inquiry into conflict and prejudice | origdate = 1986 | url = | format = GoogleBooks | accessdate = 2007-03-25 | edition = Paperback with new Afterword | year = 1999 | publisher = [[W. W. Norton & Company]] | location = [[New York, NY]] | isbn = 0393318397 | oclc = 41638408 | id = {{LCCN|85|0|26021}} | pages = pg. 210 | chapter = The War Against the Jews | chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0393318397&id=GteStbiDEjAC&pg=PA210&lpg=PA210&ots=aHLCuHt0G-&dq=Semites+and+anti-Semites+:+an+inquiry+into+conflict+and+prejudice+protocols+faisal&sig=8CXG1yyLl7Xxj7TBK1bAg6_VoVw#PPA210,M1 | quote = <small>The late King Faisal made a practice of presenting copies of the ''Protocols'' and other anti-Semitic publications to visiting ministers, diplomats, journalists and other dignataries.</small> }} </ref> including [[Michel Jobert]] and [[Aldo Moro]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Lewis | first = Bernard | authorlink = Bernard Lewis | title = Semites and anti-Semites: an inquiry into conflict and prejudice | origdate = 1986 | url = | format = GoogleBooks | accessdate = 2007-03-25 | edition = Paperback with new Afterword | year = 1999 | publisher = [[W. W. Norton & Company]] | location = [[New York, NY]] | isbn = 0393318397 | oclc = 41638408 | id = {{LCCN|85|0|26021}} | pages = pg. 283 | chapter = Notes | chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0393318397&id=GteStbiDEjAC&pg=PA283&lpg=PA283&ots=aHLCuHuZI4&dq=Semites+and+anti-Semites+:+an+inquiry+into+conflict+and+prejudice+aldo+moro&sig=mGdH85F8gpMUPfO1l75yiEuAQRU | quote = <small>Footnote 18: The press reported such gifts to the entourage of several visiting foreign ministers, and Aldo Moro of Italy (February 13, 1974).</small> }} </ref> King Faisal wrote in the Arabic weekly ''[[Al-Musawwar]]'':<ref name = "Berger">{{cite book | last = Gerber | first = Gane S. | editor = David Berger ed. | title = History and hate: the dimensions of anti-Semitism | year = 1986 | publisher = [[Jewish Publication Society of America|Jewish Publication Society]] | location = [[Philadelphia, PA]] | isbn = 0827602677 | oclc = 13327957 | id = {{LCCN|86|00|2995}} | pages = pg. 88 | chapter = Anti-Semitism and the Muslim World | quote = }} </ref><blockquote>Israel has had malicious intentions since ancient times.…they have a certain day on which they mix the blood of non-Jews into their bread and eat it. It happened that two years ago, while I was in [[Paris]] on a visit, the police discovered five murdered children. Their blood had been drained and it turned out that some Jews had murdered them in order to take their blood and mix it with the bread that they eat on this day. This shows you what is the extent of their hatred and malice toward non-Jewish peoples.</blockquote> In an interview with the [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] publication ''[[Al-Sayyad]]'', Faisal said that "in order to comprehend the crimes of [[Zionism]] it's necessary to understand the Jewish religious obligation to obtain non-Jewish blood."<ref>[[Steven Stalinsky|Stalinsky, Steven]]. [http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/stalinsky200404280855.asp The Royal Treatment: Anti-Semitism, that is.] ''[[National Review]]''. [[April 24]], [[2004]]. URL accessed on [[March 24]], [[2007]].</ref> ==See also== *[[House of Saud]] *[[King Faisal Foundation]] ==References== {{Reflist|2}} {{Commons}} {{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[House of Saud]]||1903 or 1906||1975}} {{s-reg|}} {{s-bef|before=[[Saud of Saudi Arabia|Saud]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of kings of Saudi Arabia|King of Saudi Arabia]]| and<br />head of the [[House of Saud]]reason=|years=[[1964]] – [[1975]]}} {{s-aft|after=[[Khalid of Saudi Arabia|Khalid]]}} {{end}} {{start box}} {{SaudiKings}} {{Arab-Israeli Conflict}} {{Time Persons of the Year 1951-1975}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Faisal}} [[Category:1906 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Antisemitism]] [[Category:Arab statesmen]] [[Category:Assassinated monarchs]] [[Category:Cold War leaders]] [[Category:Kings of Saudi Arabia]] [[Category:Prime Ministers of Saudi Arabia]] [[Category:Recipients of the Royal Victorian Chain]] [[Category:Saudi anti-communists]] [[Category:Time magazine Persons of the Year]] [[Category:World War II political leaders]] [[ar:فيصل بن عبد العزيز آل سعود]] [[da:Faisal af Saudi-Arabien]] [[de:Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz]] [[et:Fayşal ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd]] [[fr:Fayçal ben Abdel Aziz Al-Saoud]] [[gl:Faysal bin Abdelaziz Al Saud]] [[id:Faisal dari Arab Saudi]] [[is:Faisal]] [[it:Faysal dell'Arabia Saudita]] [[he:פייסל, מלך ערב הסעודית]] [[ms:Faisal ibn ’Abd al ’Aziz Al Sa’ud]] [[nl:Faisal bin Abdoel Aziz Al Saoed]] [[ja:ファイサル (サウジアラビア王)]] [[no:Feisal av Saudi-Arabia]] [[pl:Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz as-Saud]] [[ru:Фейсал ибн Абдель Азиз аль-Сауд]] [[fi:Faisal ibn Abdilaziz Al Sa’ud]] [[sv:Faisal bin Abdul Aziz]] [[tr:Faysal bin Abdül Aziz]] [[ur:فیصل بن عبدالعزیز السعود]] [[zh:费萨尔·本·阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹·阿勒沙特]]