Familia 1354157 190439920 2008-02-10T19:30:02Z WBOSITG 5019622 Fixing [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation pages with links|links to disambiguation pages]] using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] {{Otheruses4|the Polish political party|other uses|Familia (disambiguation)}} '''Familia''' ("The Family," from the Romain ''familia'') was the name of a [[Poland|Polish]] [[political party]] led by the [[Czartoryski]] [[magnates]] and families allied with them, and formed toward the end of the reign of King [[August II]] (reigned [[1697]]-[[1706]], [[1709]]-[[1733]]). The Familia's principal leaders were [[Michal Fryderyk Czartoryski]], [[Great Chancellor]] of [[Lithuania]], his brother [[August Aleksander Czartoryski]], [[Voivode|voivod]] of [[Ruthenia]] ([[Rus' (people)|Rus]]), and their brother-in-law (from [[1720]]), [[Stanislaw Poniatowski]], [[Castellan]] of [[Kraków]]. During the [[1733]] [[interregnum]], the Familia supported [[Stanislaw Leszczynski]] for king, then reconciled with [[August III]] (reigned [[1733]]-[[1763]]) and became a party of the royal court. Following unsuccessful attempts at reforming the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] undertaken at [[sejm]]s between [[1744]] and [[1750]], the Familia distanced itself from the royal court. In foreign affairs, they represented a pro-Russian orientation. During the [[1763]]-[[1764]] interregnum, armed Russian intervention allowed the Familia to overcome their opponents. When in [[1764]] [[Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski]] declined to seek the throne, the Czartoryskis agreed to the election, as king, of their kinsman, [[Stanislaw August]] Poniatowski, one-time lover of [[Russia]]n Empress [[Catherine II]] (the Great). In this period the Familia partially enacted their program of reforms, including the creation of treasury and military commissions limiting the power of treasurers and [[hetman]]s. Also, the [[liberum veto]] was suspended. Further reforms, however, were blocked by Russia and Prussia; and conservative opponents of the Familia and the King, backed by Russia's Catherine II, in [[1767]] formed the [[Radom Confederation]] and at the infamous [[Repnin Sejm]] abolished part of the recently introduced reforms. After the [[First Partition of Poland]] ([[February 17]], [[1772]]), the Familia became the core of magnate opposition to the King and the [[Permanent Council]], while seeking support in [[Austria]], only to shift in [[1788]] to a pro-Prussian stance. At the [[Four-Year Sejm]] ([[1788]]-[[1792]]), it was only in [[1790]] that Familia representatives, including [[Ignacy Potocki]], effected a rapprochement with the King and his party, and together with him and the [[Patriotic Party]] worked for enactment of the [[May 3rd Constitution]] adopted in [[1791]]. [[Category:Political parties in Poland]] [[Category:History of Poland (1569–1795)]] [[Category:History of Lithuania]] [[nl:Familia (Rome)]] [[pl:Familia (stronnictwo)]] [[pt:Familia]]