Fano 815833 217361998 2008-06-05T18:26:28Z SmackBot 433328 Date the maintenance tags or general fixes :''This article is about the Italian town. For the Danish island, see [[Fanø]]. For the Asturian district, see [[Fano (Gijón)|Fano]]. For an Italian mathematician, see [[Gino Fano]]'' {{Infobox CityIT | mapx=43.86| mapy=13.017| name=Fano| img_coa = Fano-Stemma.png| official_name = Comune di Fano| region = [[Marche]] | province = [[Province of Pesaro e Urbino|Pesaro e Urbino]] (PU) | elevation_m = 12 | area_total_km2 = 121| population_as_of = [[December 31]], [[2004]]| population_total = 61675| population_density_km2 = 512| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]], [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+1 | coordinates = {{coor dm|43|50|N|13|01|E}}| frazioni = Bellocchi, Camminate, Carignano, Carrara, Centinarola, Cuccurano, Fenile, Magliano, Marotta di Fano, Metaurillia, Ponte Sasso, Roncosambaccio, Rosciano, Sant'Andrea in Villis, Torrette di Fano | telephone = 0721| postalcode = 61032 | gentilic = Fanesi| saint = [[Saint Paternian]]| day = [[July 10]]| mayor = Stefano Aguzzi (since June [[2004]])| website = [http://www.comune.fano.pu.it www.comune.fano.pu.it] | }} [[Image:Fano Arco di Augusto.jpg|thumb|250px|The Arch of Augustus in Fano.]] '''Fano''' is a town and [[comune]] of the [[province of Pesaro and Urbino]] in the [[Marche]] region of [[Italy]]. It is a beach resort 12&nbsp;km southeast of [[Pesaro]], located where the ''[[Via Flaminia]]'' reaches the [[Adriatic Sea]]. It is the third city in the region by population after Ancona and Pesaro. [[Image:Fano Castle.jpg|thumb|220px|left|The Castle of Fano in a 19th century etching. The high watchtower was destroyed during World War II.]] ==History== {{Expand-section|date=June 2008}} An ancient town of [[Marche]], it was known as '''Fanum Fortunae''' after a temple of [[Fortuna (mythology)|Fortuna]] located there. Its first mention in history only dates from [[49 BC]], when [[Julius Caesar]] held it, along with [[Pisaurum]] and [[Ancona]]. [[Caesar Augustus]] established a ''[[Colonia (Roman)|colonia]]'', and built a wall, some parts of which remain. In the AD [[2]] Augustus also built an arch (which is still standing) at the entrance to the town. Fano was destroyed by [[Vitiges]]' [[Ostrogoths]] in AD 538 and it was rebuilt by the Byzantines, becoming the capital of the maritime [[Pentapolis]] ("Five Cities") that included also Rimini, Pesaro, [[Senigallia]] and [[Ancona]]. In 754 it was donated to the [[Holy See|Popes]] by the Frank kings. The [[Malatesta]] became lords of the city in [[1356]] with [[Galeotto I Malatesta]], who was nominally only a vicar of the Popes. Among the others, [[Pandolfo III Malatesta|Pandolfo III]] resided in the city. Under his son, the famous condottiero [[Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta]], Fano was besieged by Papal troops under [[Federico III da Montefeltro]], and returned to the Papal administration. It was later part of the short-lived state of [[Cesare Borgia]], and then part of the duchy of the [[della Rovere]]s in the Marche. During the [[Napoleonic Wars]] it suffered heavy spoliations; the city had an active role in the [[Risorgimento]]. In [[World War I]] Fano was several times bombed by the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]]. During [[World War II]] it was massively bombed by [[Allied]] airplanes due to hit the strategic railway and street bridges crossing the [[Metauro]] river, suffering also the destruction of all its bell towers by the Nazi occupation troops when they withdrew. ==Main sights== Fano's main attractions include: *The Roman gate called ''Arco d'Augusto''. The upper storey was destroyed in a siege conducted on the order of [[Pope Pius II]] in 1463, although a bas-relief of it was immediately made on an adjacent wall. Annexed to the arch are the church and the [[loggia]] of St. Michael, the former having a noteworthy Renaissance portal. *The ''Corte Malatestiana'', built after 1357 by Galeotto I Malatesta. The 14th century section include a great vaulted hall (probably part of the first residence of the Malatesta in the city) and a small turret. The modern part was built under Pandolfo III in 1413-1423. The current edifice was heavily restored in the 20th century, but original are the [[mullioned window]]s in [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style as well as the staircase and the [[loggia]] from a 16th century restoration. Also noteworthy is the Borgia-Cybo Arch (late 15th century). The palace is connected to the Palazzo del Podestà by a modern bridge, probably present also in the original structure. *The Malatesta Castle (''Rocca Malatestiana''), partially destroyed in 1944. The most ancient part dates probably from pre-existing Roman and medieval fortifications; the castle in its current form was begun in 1433 or 1438 by [[Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta]]. The now missing mastio was erected in 1452. Here Sigismondo's son, [[Roberto Malatesta|Roberto]], was besieged by Papal Troops in 1463 and signed the peacy that ended the Malatesta domination of Fano. *The Cathedral (12th century), which was erected over a pre-existing cathedral destroyed by a fire in 1111. The current façade is from the 1920s restoration, but it similar to the original. The interior has a nave and two aisles. No remnants of the town's namesake temple have been uncovered, nor of the basilica we are told that [[Vitruvius]] built there. *''Palazzo del [[Podestà]]'' or ''della Ragione'' (built from 1229 in Romanesque-Gothic style). The interiors are in Neoclassicist style, and houses a museum with archaeological findings, coins, medals, and an art gallery with works by [[Guido Reni]], [[Domenichino]] and others. *the church of ''St. Francis'', housing the tombs of Pandolfo III Malatesta (designed by [[Leon Battista Alberti]] and his first wife Paola Bianca Malatesta. *the church of ''Santa Maria Nuova'' (1521). It has an ancient portal and some works by [[Raphael]] and [[Pietro Perugino|Perugino]]. *the church of ''[[Paternian|San Paterniano]]'' (16th century) with a Renaissance cloister. *the Fountain of Fortune (17th century) Outside the city, in the place called Bellocchi, is the church of ''St. Sebastian'' (16th century), for the construction of which parts of the ancient cathedral were used. == External links == * [http://www.comune.fano.ps.it/ Fano homepage] {{it icon}} <br> {{Province of Pesaro e Urbino}} [[Category:Coastal towns in the Marche]] [[Category:Roman towns and cities in Italy]] [[Category:Roman sites of the Marche]] [[Category:Cathedrals in Italy]] [[ar:فانو]] [[ca:Fano]] [[cs:Fano]] [[de:Fano (Marken)]] [[es:Fano]] [[eo:Fano (Italio)]] [[fr:Fano (Italie)]] [[it:Fano]] [[la:Fanum Fortunae]] [[hu:Fano]] [[nl:Fano]] [[ja:ファーノ]] [[nap:Fano]] [[no:Fano]] [[nn:Fano]] [[pl:Fano]] [[pt:Fano]] [[ro:Fano]] [[scn:Fanu]] [[sv:Fano]] [[vec:Fano]] [[vo:Fano]]