Fast fission 3499539 148477257 2007-08-01T11:21:15Z Cancun771 1353518 /* [[Fissionable]] but not [[fissile]] */ '''Fast fission''' is [[nuclear fission|fission]] that occurs when a heavy [[atom]] absorbs a high-energy [[neutron]], called a [[fast neutron]], and splits. Most fissionable materials need [[thermal neutron]]s, which move slower. ==Fast reactors vs. thermal reactors== [[Fast neutron reactor]]s use fast fission to produce energy, unlike most [[nuclear reactor]]s. In a conventional reactor, a [[moderator]] is needed to slow down the neutrons so that they are more likely to fission atoms. A fast neutron reactor uses fast neutrons, so it does not use a moderator. Moderators may absorb a lot of neutrons in a [[thermal reactor]], and fast fission produces a higher average number of neutrons per fission, so fast reactors have better neutron economy making a plutonium [[breeder reactor]] possible. However, a fast neutron reactor must use relatively highly enriched [[uranium]] or [[plutonium]] so that the neutrons have a better chance of fissioning atoms. ==[[Fissionable]] but not [[fissile]]== Some atoms, notably [[uranium-238]], do not usually undergo fission when struck by slow neutrons, but do split when struck with neutrons of high enough energy. The fast neutrons produced in a [[hydrogen bomb]] by fusion of [[deuterium]] and [[tritium]] have still higher energy than the fast neutrons produced in a nuclear reactor. This makes it very easy to increase the yield of any given fusion weapon almost indefinitely by the simple expedient of adding layers of cheap natural uranium. In fact, fast fission of uranium-238 provides a large part of the explosive yield, and [[Nuclear fallout|fallout]], in many designs of hydrogen bomb. Fast fission of uranium-238 does also occur in [[fission bomb]]s but to a much lesser extent than in [[hydrogen bombs]]. ==Differences in fission product yield== A graph of [[fission product yield]] against the [[mass number]] of the fission fragments has two pronounced but fairly flat peaks, at around 90 to 100, and 130 to 140. With thermal neutrons, yields of fission products with mass between the peaks, such as [[Cd-113m]], [[Sn-119m]], [[Sn-121m]], [[Sn-123]], [[Sb-125]], [[Sn-126]], and [[Sb-127]] are very low. The higher the energy of the state that undergoes nuclear fission, the more likely a symmetric fission is, hence as the [[neutron energy]] increases and/or the energy of the fissioning atom increases, the valley between the two peaks becomes more shallow; for instance, the curve of yield against mass for [[Pu-239]] has a more shallow valley than that observed for [[U-235]], when the neutrons are [[thermal neutron]]s. The curves for the fission of the later [[actinides]] tend to make even more shallow valleys. In extreme cases such as <sup>259</sup>Fm, only one peak is seen. [[Category:Nuclear physics]]