Fecal-oral route
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2008-07-01T09:12:45Z
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Many [[disease]]s can be passed when [[Feces|fecal]] particles from one [[host (biology)|host]] are introduced into the [[mouth]] of another potential host. This is referred to as the '''fecal-oral route''' (or alternatively, the '''oral-fecal route''' or '''orofecal route''').
There are, usually, intermediate steps, sometimes many of them. Amongst the more common causes are: [[Water]] that has come in contact with feces and poorly [[water treatment|treated]] before drinking; [[food]] that has been handled with feces present; poor [[sewage treatment]]; poor or absent cleaning after handling feces or anything that has been in contact with feces.
Some [[sexual practice]] — such as [[anal-oral sex]], [[coprophilia]] — can also spread disease by the fecal-oral route.<ref>[http://www.fenwayhealth.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=5203&news_iv_ctrl=0&abbr=FCHC_srv_&JServSessionIdr006=ru7nqs2t63.app5a Fenway Community Health-Hepatitis A, B, C]</ref>
Some diseases that can be passed via the fecal-oral route:
* [[Giardiasis]]<ref name=Baron_a>{{cite book | author = Meyer EA | title = Other Intestinal Protozoa and ''Trichomonas Vaginalis'' ''in:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.4202 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref>
* [[Hepatitis A]]<ref name=Baron_b>{{cite book | author = Zuckerman AJ | title = Hepatitis Viruses ''in:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.3721 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref>
* [[Hepatitis E]]<ref name=Wang_2004>{{cite journal | author = Wang L, Zhuang H | title = Hepatitis E: an overview and recent advances in vaccine research | journal = World J Gastroenterol | volume = 10 | issue = 15 | pages = 2157–62 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15259057}}</ref>
*[[Rotavirus]]
* [[Shigellosis]] (bacillary dysentery)<ref name=Baron_c>{{cite book | author = Hale TL, Keusch GT | title = ''Shigella'' ''in:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1257 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref>
* [[Typhoid fever]]<ref name=Baron_d>{{cite book | author = Giannella RA | title = ''Salmonella'':Epidemiology ''in:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1241 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref>
* ''[[Vibrio parahaemolyticus]]'' infections<ref name=Baron_e>{{cite book | author = Finkelstein RA | title = Cholera, ''Vibrio cholerae'' O1 and O139, and Other Pathogenic ''Vibrio''s ''in:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1358 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] ISBN 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref>
* [[Enterovirus|Enteroviruses]], including [[Polio]]
* [[Cholera]]
==References==
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[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
[[Category:Parasitology]]
[[es:Ruta fecal oral]]
[[ja:糞口経路]]