Felipe Calderón 1976348 226071848 2008-07-16T18:26:52Z Sephiroth BCR 621952 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/71.107.156.215|71.107.156.215]] to last version by 189.135.19.179 (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]]) : ''This article is about the current president of Mexico. For the Filipino politician and historical figure, see [[Felipe Calderón y Roca]].'' {{Infobox_President | name = Felipe de Jesus Calderón Hinojosa | office = [[President of Mexico]] | vicepresident = | image = Felipe_Calderon_H.jpg | term_start = [[December 1]], [[2006]] | term_ends = [[November 30]], [[2012]] | predecessor = [[Vicente Fox]] | successor = Incumbent (2012) | order2 = [[Secretary of Energy (Mexico)|Secretary of Energy]] | term_start2 = September, 2003 | term_end2 = [[June 1]], [[2004]] | predecessor2 = [[Ernesto Martens]] | successor2 = [[Fernando Elizondo Barragán]] | order3 = [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party President]] | term_start3 = 1996 | term_end3 = 1999 | predecessor3 = [[Carlos Castillo Peraza]] | successor3 = [[Luis Felipe Bravo Mena]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|08|18|mf=y}}<ref name="EB">{{cite encyclopedia | year = | title = Felipe Calderón | url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9437374 | encyclopedia = [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] | publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] | accessdate = 2008-06-09 }}</ref> | birth_place = [[Morelia]], [[Michoacán]], [[Mexico]] | spouse = [[Margarita Zavala]] | alma_mater = [[Escuela Libre de Derecho]]<br>[[Harvard University]]<br>[[Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México]] | occupation = [[Politician]] | profession = [[Lawyer]] | party = [[National Action Party (Mexico)|Partido Acción Nacional]] | religion = [[Roman Catholic]] }} '''Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa ''' (born [[August 18]], [[1962]] in [[Morelia]], [[Michoacán]]) is the [[President of Mexico]]. He assumed office on [[December 1]], [[2006]], and was elected for one six-year term that will end in 2012 without the possibility of re-election. He is affiliated with the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]] (PAN), a mostly conservative organization with a tendency toward more neoliberal economic ideas. Calderón was elected in the contested [[Mexican general election, 2006|2006 presidential elections]]. The results [[Mexican general election 2006 controversies|were controversial]] and contested by opponent [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]], validated on [[September 5]], [[2006]] by the [[Federal Electoral Tribunal]]. However, according to polls conducted by [[Grupo Reforma]] in July 2006 and June 2007, 36% of Mexicans still believed the election was fraudulent or that there were serious irregularities.<ref name="Abandona un tercio a López Obrador Por Roberto Gutiérrez y Alejandro Moreno"> {{cite news| title = Abandona un tercio a López Obrador |author= Roberto Gutiérrez, Alejandro Moreno| url = http://my.opera.com/investigacion_politica/blog/2007/07/02/abandona-un-tercio-a-lopez-obrador-por-roberto-gutierrez-y-alejandro-more| publisher = Investigación Política |date= [[July 1]] [[2007]]|accessdate=2008-06-09|language=[[Spanish language|Spanish]]}}</ref> Prior to the presidency, Calderón actively participated in PAN politics. He has served as National President of the Party, [[Chamber of Deputies|Federal Deputy]], and [[Secretary of Energy (Mexico)|Secretary of Energy]] in [[Vicente Fox]]'s [[Mexican Executive Cabinet|cabinet]]. ==Background and family life== Felipe Calderón Hinojosa was born in Morelia, Michoacán. He is the youngest of five brothers and son of Carmen Hinojosa Calderón and the late Luis Calderón Vega. His father was a co-founder of the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]] and an important political figure. He occupied state posts and served a term as [[Congress of Mexico|federal deputy]]. Calderón spent most of his life working within the party and spent most of his free time promoting the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|PAN]]. After growing up in Morelia, Calderón moved to [[Mexico City]], where he received a bachelor's degree in law from the [[Escuela Libre de Derecho]]. Later on, he received a master's degree in economics from the [[Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México]] (ITAM) and a [[Master of Public Administration]] from the [[John F. Kennedy School of Government]] at [[Harvard University]].<ref name="Harvard Alum apparent new president of Mexico"> {{cite news| title = Alum is Apparent Winner of Presidential Election in Mexico| url = http://www.hks.harvard.edu/news-events/news/articles/alum-is-apparent-winner-of-presidential-election-in-mexico |author=Doug Gavel |publisher = Harvard KSG| date = 2006-07-07| accessdate = 2008-06-09}}</ref> Following his father's example, he joined the PAN. His father had quit in 1981, claiming that it had deviated from its principles and its founders' objectives. It was in the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]] where Calderón met his wife, [[Margarita Zavala]], who served in Congress as a federal deputy. They have three children, María, Luis Felipe and Juan Pablo. ==Political career== Calderón was president of the PAN's youth movement in his early twenties He was a local representative in the Legislative Assembly and, on two different occasions, in the federal [[Chamber of Deputies of Mexico|Chamber of Deputies]]. He ran for the governorship of [[Michoacán]] in 1995 and served as national president of the PAN from 1996 to 1999. During his tenure, his party maintained control of 14 state capitals, <!---presidentes municipales? or governors?--->but also lost presence in the federal Chamber of Deputies. Soon after [[Vicente Fox]] took office as president, Calderón was appointed director of [[Banobras]], a national development bank. Later on, he joined the presidential cabinet as Secretary of Energy, replacing [[Ernesto Martens]]. He left the post in May 2004 in protest of Vicente Fox's criticism of his presidential ambitions while supporting those of [[Santiago Creel]]. ==2006 presidential campaign== {{main article|Mexican general election, 2006}} Members of his party chose him as the PAN presidential candidate in a series of three primary elections at the end of 2005. In these elections, he defeated former [[Secretary of the Interior (Mexico)|Interior Secretary]] [[Santiago Creel]] and former [[Governor of Jalisco]] [[Alberto Cárdenas]] by a comfortable margin. [[Santiago Creel]] was said to be, at the time, the preferred candidate of President [[Vicente Fox]], and thus the election of Calderón as party candidate surprised many analysts. The PAN pointed to this primary election as a signal of "internal democracy", contrasted by the election processes of the other parties. The PRD had only one pre-candidate, [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]], and the [[PRI]], while having a nationwide primary open to anyone, even non-party members, eliminated all strong candidates that opposed [[Roberto Madrazo]]. Indeed, the only pre-candidate that opposed Madrazo only managed to get less than 5% of the internal vote. Calderón accepted his party's nomination on [[December 4]], [[2005]]. He began his campaign on [[January 1]], [[2006]]. Calderón's campaign gained momentum after the first presidential debate. Subsequent poll numbers showed a steady increase in his popularity and put him ahead of López Obrador from March to May; some polls favored him by as much as nine percentage points. This trend ceased after the second presidential debate. Final poll numbers indicated a very close election; some gave López Obrador the lead, while others either favored Calderón or indicated a technical tie. ===Political and social views=== A devout [[Roman Catholic]], Calderón opposes [[abortion]], [[euthanasia]], and [[gay marriage]].<ref>{{ cite web |url=http://www.tldm.org/News9/AbortionMexicanElections.htm |title=Daily Mass Catholic pro-lifer wins Mexico presidential elections over abortion supporter|author=John-Henry Westen| publisher =[http://www.lifesitenews.com/ LifeSiteNews]|date=[[July 6]] [[2006]]|accessdate=2008-06-09}}</ref> His proposed economic policies are [[liberal economics|liberal]]; he supports balanced [[fiscal policy|fiscal policies]], [[flat tax]]es, lower taxes,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/10/01/008n2pol.php |title="Regresiva e ilegal", propuesta fiscal de Calderón | author= Roberto Garduño|publisher=[[La Jornada]]|language=[[Spanish language|Spanish]] |date=[[October 1]] [[2006]] |accessdate= 2008-09-06 }} </ref><ref>[http://www.noticias-oax.com.mx/articulos.php?id_sec=5&id_art=34628&id_ejemplar=876]{{dead link|date=June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/329902.html |title=Centran candidatos ofertas en educación y empleo |author= Jorge Octavio Ochoa |publisher= [[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]]|language=[[Spanish language|Spanish]]|date= [[February 9]] [[2006]] |accessdate=2008-09-06}}</ref> and [[free trade]]. Calderón has also stated that the challenge is not between the political left or right, but a choice between "the past and the future." In his interpretation, moving toward "the past" would mean [[nationalization]], [[expropriation]], [[planned economy|state control of the economy]], and [[authoritarianism]], while "the future" would represent the contrary: [[privatization]], [[liberalization]], [[free market|market control of the economy]], and [[Freedom (political)|political freedom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601170&sid=asSWAccIrVJo|title= Mexico's Calderon Urges Region to Reject Turn to Failed Past|author=Juan Pablo Spinetto, Patrick Harrington|publisher=[http://www.bloomberg.com Bloomberg.com]|date=[[January 28]] [[2007]]|accessdate=2008-06-09}}</ref> ===Criticism=== Criticism of Calderón surfaced during the presidential campaign, some of it originating from the [[PRD]], and also from columnists and editorialists. His performance as Banobras director, the [[Fobaproa]] rescue, and the Hildebrando case have all been subjects of criticism. =====Kidnapping and disappearences===== According to an article in Mexican magazine ''[[Contralínea]]'', about 300 political activists (including 23 members of the [[Popular Revolutionary Army]]) have gone missing, apparently after being kidnapped by governamental forces, since the arrival to power of Calderón<ref>[http://www.contralinea.com.mx/archivo/2008/junio/htm/desapariciones-forzadas.htm Contralínea: Desapariciones forzadas del calderonismo]</ref>. =====Banobras===== Felipe Calderón has been accused by the PRD of illegally borrowing and later repaying about 3 Million [[Mexican Peso|Pesos]] (US $300,000) from [[Banobras]], a state-owned development bank, during his tenure as the bank's director.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/303382.html |title=Piden investigar 'autopréstamo' de Felipe Calderón |author= Francisco Barradas Ricardez |publisher= [http://www.esmas.com EsMas.com]| language= [[Spanish language|Spanish]]|date=[[July 23]] [[2003]]|accessdate=2008-06-09}}</ref> =====Fobaproa===== {{main|Fobaproa}} The Fobaproa was a government-sponsored financial rescue of the Mexican financial system, including many private banks, after the [[1994 economic crisis in Mexico|1994 economic crisis]], also known as "the [[December mistake]]". The Fobaproa is a controversial issue that supporters claim to have helped save the economy of Mexico and prevent a worsening of the crisis and that detractors claim to have been used for corruption. During the presidential campaign of 2006, the [[Party of the Democratic Revolution| PRD]] accused Felipe Calderón of "being complicit" in the [[Fobaproa]], implying that the alleged crimes committed in its execution were orchestrated by Calderón. However, the Fobaproa was carried out by the executive branch, headed by then President [[Ernesto Zedillo]] of the [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI]], while Felipe Calderón merely participated from the legislative branch by proposing an alternate financial system rescue project to that presented by the PRI (FOBAPROA). It is notable that during those times, the legislative branch of government did not have the power it has today. Calderón voted for the adoption of the Fobaproa rescue package at that time, but did not sign the actual document, as his detractors once said. =====Hildebrando===== In the presidential candidate debate of [[June 6]], [[2006]], [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]], presidential candidate for the [[PRD]], accused Felipe Calderón of granting contracts to a software company named Hildebrando,<ref>[http://www.hildebrando.com.mx/phImagenesSector.jsp?nombreSector=GOBIERNO]{{dead link|date=June 2008}}</ref> which Calderón's brother-in-law, Diego Zavala, founded and in which he has minority stock, during Calderón's eight-month tenure as Secretary of Energy. Moreover, Hildebrando developed the vote counting system in the controversial presidential election of 2006. A group of UNAM mathematicians purported to show how the results published by the Federal Electoral Institute were artificially generated, as their statistical properties could not have been the outcome of a real vote count; this paper, however, has been quite controversial. <ref>[http://complexes.blogspot.com/2006/07/facts-on-mexican-elections-fraud.html Facts on the Mexican elections fraud - Complexes]</ref> López Obrador also accused the company of tax evasion. Investigations are still being conducted, without any outcome yet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/139247.html |title= Cuñado del panista niega todo; demandará a AMLO | author=Jorge Teherán | publisher= [[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]]|language= [[Spanish language|Spanish]]|date=[[June 9]] [[2006]]|accessdate=2008-06-09}}</ref> ==Post-election controversy== [[Image:North American Summit Calderon Harper.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Felipe Calderón and [[Stephen Harper]], prime minister of [[Canada]].]] {{main|Mexican general election 2006 controversies}} On [[July 2]], [[2006]], the day of the election, the [[Federal Electoral Institute]] (IFE) announced that the race was too close to call and chose not to make public a large and well-designed [[exit poll]]. However, as the preliminary results of the unofficial PREP database made clear the next morning, Felipe Calderón had a small lead of 1.04%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://prep2006.ife.org.mx/PREP2006/prep2006.html |title=Preliminary Results |publisher = [[Federal Electoral Institute|IFE]] |date=[[July 3]] [[2006]] |accessdate= 2008-06-09}}</ref> The [[IFE]] called the candidates to abstain from pronouncing themselves as winner, president-elect, or president. Both candidates disobeyed this call. Just after [[López Obrador]] declared that he had won the election, Calderón proclaimed victory as well, pointing to the initial figures released by the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE).<ref>[http://www.felipe-calderon.org/felipeCalderon/Sala+de+Prensa/Discursos/2006/Julio/dis_02_07_06.htm]{{dead link|date=June 2008}}</ref> On [[July 6]], [[2006]], the [[Federal Electoral Institute]] announced the official vote count in the [[Mexican general election, 2006|2006 presidential election]], resulting in a narrow margin of 0.58% for Calderón over his closest contender, [[Party of the Democratic Revolution|PRD]] candidate [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]]. However, López Obrador and his coalition alleged irregularities in a number of polling stations and demanded a national recount. Ultimately, the Federal Electoral Tribunal, in a unanimous vote, declared such recount to be groundless and unfeasible and ordered a recount of about 9.07% of the 130,477 [[polling station]]s. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/366854.html |title=Precisan recuento: 9.07% de las casillas en 149 distritos|author= Jorge Herrera, Arturo Zárate|publisher = [[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]]|language=[[Spanish language|Spanish]]|date=[[August 5]] [[2006]]|accessdate=2008-06-09}}</ref> On [[September 5]], [[2006]], even when the Federal Electoral Tribunal admitted irregularities in the election, Calderón was, after the change of the votes of two of the magistrates,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/144340.html |title= Dos árbitros electorales cambiaron su voto | author= Fernando Ortega Pizarro | publisher = [[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]] |language=[[Spanish language|Spanish]] |date= [[October 18]] [[2006]] |accessdate=2008-06-09 }}</ref> unanimously declared president-elect by the tribunal with a lead of 233,831 votes, or 0.56%, over López Obrador. The electoral court concluded that there were minor irregularities before and during the election, but these were not enough to invalidate the election. The ruling was mandatory, final, and could not be appealed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,212140,00.html |title= Felipe Calderon Declared President-Elect of Mexico | publisher = [http://www.foxnews.com FOXNews.com] | date= [[September 5]] [[2006]] |accessdate=2008-06-09 }}</ref> A numerous sector of the population, including the mayor of Mexico City [[Marcelo Ebrard]], still does not recognize Felipe Calderón as constitutional president. ==Presidency== ===Inauguration=== The PRD opposition had threatened to not allow Calderón to take the oath of office and be inaugurated as president. In a surprising move, the PAN took control of Congress's main floor three days before the inauguration was scheduled. This led to days of fist fighting on the congressional floor and uncertainty as to what would happen and whether Calderón would assume the presidency. The [[Mexican Constitution]] states that the President must be inaugurated by taking the oath of office before Congress in the lower house, the [[Chamber of Deputies of Mexico|Chamber of Deputies]]. On [[November 30]], [[2006]] at ten minutes to midnight, in an unprecedented move,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-2482555,00.html |title= Mexican Inauguration Erupts into Fistfight|author= James Hider |publisher= [http://www.timesonline.co.uk TimesOnLine] |date= [[December 1]] [[2006]]|accessdate=2008-06-09}}</ref> outgoing President [[Vicente Fox|Vicente Fox Quesada]] and still President-Elect Felipe Calderón Hinojosa stood side by side on national television as Fox turned over the presidential band to a cadet, who handed it to Calderón. Afterwards, Fox read a short speech indicating that he had concluded his mandate by receiving the flag "that had accompanied him during the last six years which he had devoted himself completely to the service of Mexico and had the utmost honor of being the president of the republic".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/12/01/index.php?section=politica&article=003n1pol | title=En Acto Castrense, Calderón asume el Poder Ejecutivo |author=Rosa Elvira Vargas|publisher= [[La Jornada]]|language=[[Spanish language|Spanish]]|date=[[December 1]] [[2006]]|accessdate=2008-06-09}}</ref> Then, Calderón read a speech to the people of Mexico, indicating that he would attend to the inauguration ceremony at the Chamber of Deputies. He made a call to unity using words from his presidential campaign. Though it was debated at the time whether the action had been constitutional, it gave Calderón the right of protection by the [[Estado Mayor Presidencial|Presidential Guard]], which proved crucial on the next day. On [[December 1]], [[2006]] despite the PRD's plans to prevent Calderón from taking office, the inauguration in front of Congress was able to proceed. Hours before Calderón's arrival, lawmakers from the PRD and PAN parties began a brawl,<ref>[http://euronews.net/create_html.php?page=detail_info&article=393731&lng=1]{{dead link|date=June 2008}}</ref> where several representatives threw punches and pushed, while others shouted at each other. PRD representatives shouted "Fuera Fox" ("out with President Fox") and blew whistles, while PAN representatives responded back with "Mexico, Mexico." Minutes before Calderón and Fox walked into Congress, the president of the Chamber of Deputies announced legal quorum, thus enabling Calderón to legally take the oath of office. At 9:45 a.m. CST, all [[Mexican media]] cut to the official national broadcast, where commentators discussed the situation, and showed scenes inside the Palace of the Chamber of Deputies, [[Palacio de San Lázaro]]. At 9:50 a.m. CST, Calderón entered the chamber through a protected entrance in the back of the palace and approached the podium, where he took the oath as required by the Constitution.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.kcra.com/politics/10442963/detail.html |title= Schwarzenegger In Mexico For Chaotic Calderon Inauguration |publisher= [http://www.kcra.com KCRA.com]|date=[[December 1]] [[2006]] |accessdate=2008-06-09}}</ref> After the anthem, opposition continued to yell "Felipe will fall." PAN representatives shouted back, "Sí se pudo" (It was possible).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://news.monstersandcritics.com/southamerica/article_1228449.php/Calderon_becomes_president_amid_heckling_from_opposition |title= Calderon becomes president amid heckling from opposition |publisher= [http://www.monstersandcritics.com Monsters and Critics] |date=[[December 1]] [[2006]] |accessdate=2008-06-09}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-mexico2dec02,1,2007839.story?page=1&cset=true&ctrack=1&track=crosspromo&coll=la-headlines-world] {{dead link|date=June 2008}}</ref> Calderón stood in Congress for less than five minutes and walked out. At 10:00 a.m. CST, the official broadcast ended, and most other stations resumed their programming. As the inaugural ceremony was transpiring in Congress, López Obrador led a rally of supporters in the [[Zócalo]]. Some estimates{{weal}} place attendance at over 100,000 people. Several supporters marched down [[Reforma Avenue]] toward the Auditorio Nacional, where Calderón would address an audience of supporters after his inauguration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/12/01/news/mexico.php |title=Calderón takes oath as Mexico's president |publisher= [[International Herald Tribune]] |author= James C. McKinley Jr. |date= [[December 1]] [[2006]] |accessdate=2008-06-09}}</ref><ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-ed-televisa16dec16,0,4158778.story?coll=la-opinion-leftrail] {{dead link|date=June 2008}}</ref> To avoid a confrontation, the federal police placed a metallic wall across the avenue in order to stop the rally, which was successful. === Cabinet appointments === {{main|Mexican Executive Cabinet}} {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="2" style="float: left; margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:1px solid #000000;font-size:85%;" align="center" !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|'''OFFICE'''||align="left"|'''NAME'''||align="left"|'''TERM''' |- !bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3" | |- |align="left"|[[President of Mexico|President]]||align="left" |'''Felipe Calderón Hinojosa'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Secretary of the Interior (Mexico)|Interior]]||align="left"|'''[[Francisco Javier Ramírez Acuña|Francisco Ramírez Acuña]]'''<br> '''[[Juan Camilo Mouriño]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash;2008<br> 2008&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)|Foreign Affairs]]||align="left"|'''[[Patricia Espinosa]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Public Safety]]||align="left"|'''[[Genaro García Luna]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Attorney General of Mexico|Attorney General]]||align="left"|'''[[Eduardo Medina-Mora Icaza|Eduardo Medina-Mora]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Secretary of Health (Mexico)|Health]]||align="left"|'''[[José Ángel Córdoba]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Secretary of Education (Mexico)|Education]]||align="left"|'''[[Josefina Vázquez Mota]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Secretary of Economy (Mexico)|Economy]]||align="left"|'''[[Eduardo Sojo Garza-Aldape|Eduardo Sojo]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Secretary of Labor (Mexico)|Labor]]||align="left"|'''[[Javier Lozano Alarcón]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Agriculture]]||align="left"|'''[[Alberto Cárdenas Jiménez]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Secretary of Energy (Mexico)|Energy]]||align="left"|'''[[Georgina Kessel]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Secretary of Finance (Mexico)|Finance]]||align="left"|'''[[Agustín Carstens]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Communication]]s||align="left"|'''[[Luis Téllez]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Secretary of Defense (Mexico)|Defense]]||align="left"|'''[[Guillermo Galván Galván]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Mexican Navy|Navy]]||align="left"|'''[[Mariano Francisco Saynez Mendoza|Mariano Saynez Mendoza]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Jefatura del Estado Mayor Presidencial|Presidential Guard]]||align="left"|'''[[Jesús Javier Castillo Cabrera]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Secretary of Social Development (Mexico)|Social Development]]||align="left"|'''[[Beatriz Zavala]]'''<br> '''[[Ernesto Cordero Arroyo]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash;2008<br> 2008&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Secretary of the Environment (Mexico)|Environment]]||align="left"|'''[[Juan Rafael Elvira Quesada]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Secretary of Tourism (Mexico)|Tourism]]||align="left"|'''[[Rodolfo Elizondo Torres]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash; |- !bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"| |- |align="left"|[[Civil Service]]||align="left"|'''[[Germán Martínez]]'''<br> '''[[Salvador Vega Casillas]]'''||align="left"|2006&ndash;2007<br> 2007&ndash; |} ===Domestic policy=== During the first months of government, President Calderón took several actions that impacted his image in Mexico and beyond, particularly in Europe and in the United States. Some of these actions, such as the [[Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact]] and a cap on the salaries of public servants, have been interpreted as "seeking to fulfill a campaign promise to incorporate the agenda of election rival Andrés Manuel López Obrador into his government".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601086&sid=acaQHjtF96DQ |title= Calderon Proposes Cap on Mexican Government Salaries |author= Patrick Harrington |publisher= [http://www.bloomberg.com/ Bloomberg.com] |date=[[January 23]] [[2007]] |accessdate= 2008-06-09}}</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' has said that Calderón has risked the possibility of reforms in Mexico by "reaching out to traditional power brokers, forging alliances with everyone from union bosses to billionaire television moguls", in a strategy that "has bolstered the president's otherwise weak political position," but "may prevent him from making the deep political and economic changes Mexico needs to modernize".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://online.wsj.com/article/SB116952451481584641.html |title= Calderon Risks Gridlock|author= John Lyons |publisher= [[The Wall Street Journal|WSJ.com]] |accessdate=2008-06-09}}</ref><ref>[http://www.lanacion.com.ar/Herramientas/SoloTexto/Nota.asp?nota_id=877597] {{dead link|date=June 2008}}</ref> === Foreign policy === It is expected that Calderón will continue with the foreign policy started during Fox's term,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,201026,00.html |title= Mexican Rivals Have Different World Views |publisher= [http://www.foxnews.com FoxNews.com] |date= [[June 26]] [[2006]] |accessdate=2008-06-09}}</ref> known as the [[Castañeda Doctrine]], in abandonment of the [[Estrada Doctrine]]. He has been expected to mediate with [[economic liberalism|liberal]] Latin American countries.<ref>[http://www.mywire.com/pubs/ContraCostaTimes/2006/11/16/2050075?extID=10051]{{dead link|date=June 2008}}</ref> Calderón has been a proponent of the [[Puebla-Panama Plan]] (PPP),<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/200704/10/eng20070410_365194.html Mexican summit set to relaunch Puebla-Panama Plan]</ref> started during Fox. However, more than a simple continuation, Calderón has expanded the PPP, now including Colombia,<ref>[http://www.mexidata.info/id1336.html Mexico’s Calderon gives life to Puebla-Panama Plan]</ref> and an agreement of cooperation against organized crime.<ref>[http://www.milenio.com/index.php/2007/04/10/57999/ Se comprometen países del PPP a enfrentar juntos el crimen organizado] by [[Milenio Diario]]</ref> [[Jorge G. Castañeda]], [[Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)|Secretary of Foreign Affairs]] during the first half of Fox's administration and proponent of the "Castañeda Doctrine", has suggested that Calderón's leadership and the PPP should be used as a counter-part to [[Hugo Chávez]]'s leadership of left-wing policies in Latin America.<ref>[http://busquedas.gruporeforma.com/utilerias/imdservicios3W.DLL?JSearchformatSP&file=elnortecom/2007/editoriales/nacional/736283/default.htm&palabra=Castañeda&siteelnorte Plan Puebla-Panama] by [[Jorge G. Castañeda]] as published in [[El Norte (newspaper)|El Norte]].</ref> Calderón has stated that "the challenge (of the PPP) is to foster democratic practices with solid foundation in the region"<ref>[http://www.milenio.com/index.php/2007/04/10/57910/ El gran reto para la región es cimentar las prácticas democráticas, dice Calderón] by [[Milenio Diario]]</ref> Another landmark has been the proposed [[Mérida Initiative]], a security cooperation initiative between the [[United States]] and the government of [[Mexico]] and the countries of [[Central America]], with the aim of combating the threats of drug trafficking and transnational crime. ==== Immigration reform ==== Felipe Calderón has made immigration reform one of his main priorities. Before meeting with President Bush in March 2007, Calderón openly expressed his disapproval of building a wall between the two nations.<ref>http://cbs2chicago.com/national/topstories_story_072061210.html</ref> After the U.S. Senate rejected the Comprehensive immigration bill, President Calderon called the decision a "grave error". === Economic policy === ==== Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact ==== {{main|Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact}} The international price of [[maize|corn]] rose dramatically throughout 2006, leading to the inflation of [[tortilla]] prices in the first month of Calderón's term. Because tortillas are the main food product consumed by the country's poorest,<ref>[http://www.laprensa-sandiego.org/archieve/2007/february02-07/tortilla.htm La tortilla: golpe a los pobres en México]</ref> national concerns over the rising prices immediately generated political pressure on Calderón's administration. The president opted to use [[Incomes policy|price ceilings]] on [[tortillas]] that protected local consumers of corn.<ref>[http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/4480518.html Calderon signs accord to contain tortilla prices] "The accord limits tortilla prices to 8.50 pesos ($0.78) per kilogram and threatens prison sentences of up to 10 years for companies found hoarding corn."</ref> This price control came in the form of the Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact between the government and many of the main tortilla producing companies, including [[Gruma|Grupo Maseca]] and [[Grupo Bimbo|Bimbo]], to put a price ceiling at $8.50 pesos per kilogram of tortilla. The hope was that a ceiling on corn prices would provide incentive for the market to lower all prices nationally. The pact has been heavily criticized by both the right and the left. Critics argue that the pact was both nonbinding and a de facto acceptance of a 30% increase in the price of that product (from $5.95 pesos per kilogram to $8.50 pesos per kilogram).<ref>[http://www.proceso.com.mx/noticia.html?sec=0&nta=47675 Impugnan diputados política económica y social de Calderón<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=108600 El Porvenir | Local | Protesta ONG por alzas<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2007/01/20/index.php?section=capital&article=034n1cap Reprueba Martí Batres '&#39;incremento disfrazado'&#39; al precio de la tortilla - La Jornada<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Many tortillerias ignored the agreement, leading to price increases well in excess of the $8.50.<ref>[http://mx.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200701291845_INV_30357057 mercados,finanzas,economia,fondos y cotizaciones - Invertia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Government opposition sees this as an indication of the failure to protect the interests of its poor citizens. However, several major supermarkets, such as [[Soriana]] and [[Comercial Mexicana]], sell the tortillas at a lower price than the one in the agreement — as low as $5.10 pesos per kilogram<ref>[http://www.profeco.gob.mx/precios/tortilla2007/tortillamer.asp PROFECO, "Quien es quien en los precios / Tortilla"] Soriana $5.10 (pesos per kilogram of Tortilla), Comercial Mexicana $5.80 (pesos per kilogram of tortilla), Chedraui $5.90 (pesos per kilogram of tortilla).</ref> — which is interpreted by [[liberal theory of economics|liberals]] as evidence that price controls and the Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact were unnecessary. Additionally, [[PROFECO]], a consumer protection government organization, has also threatened with jail those tortilla producers who charge "excessive" prices. Three months after the pact was signed, the [[Secretariat of Economy]] informed the public that the price of tortillas was reduced in most of the 53 main cities of Mexico. However, in 27 cities and 15 states, the price remained above the agreed $8.50 pesos. In [[Tijuana]], [[Morelia]], [[San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí|San Luis Potosí]], [[Ciudad Victoria]], and [[Nuevo Laredo]], the price of tortillas had risen despite the fact that the average price of corn has dropped from $3,500 [[Mexican peso|pesos]] per [[tonne|ton]] to $2,500 pesos per ton. However, the director of the Maize Industry Council has defended the pact by minimizing the price increments in those cities, claiming that the pact was only intended for the [[Greater Mexico City|Valley of Mexico]], and not the whole country.<ref>[http://www.elnorte.com/nacional/articulo/734465/ Falla pacto tortillero] by [[El Norte (newspaper)|El Norte]]</ref> [[Guillermo Ortiz Martínez|Guillermo Ortiz]], governor of the [[Banco de México|Bank of Mexico]], labeled the agreement "a success" for consumers and urged for it to continue as means to combat rising [[inflation]].<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070418/bs_nm/mexico_economy_tortillas_dc Mexico central bank urges renewal of tortilla pact], on [[Yahoo!|Yahoo! News]]</ref> ====First Employment Program==== Fulfilling an electoral promise, President Calderón launched the First Employment Program, which aims to create new opportunities for people entering the job market. The program will give cash incentives to companies for hiring first-time job holders, including young people graduating from higher education and millions of women who have never worked.<ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/miami/23022.html President kicks off job initiative] "The National First Job Program will give cash incentives to companies for hiring first-time job holders" ... "Calderón said that in addition to young people, the program is aimed at helping millions of women who have never worked."</ref> The program has been interpreted as an effort to stop immigration into the United States.<ref>[http://www.suntimes.com/news/world/212343,CST-NWS-mex16.article Mexico starts effort to slow immigration]</ref> Reactions to this program have been mixed. The president of the Mexican Association of Directors in Human Relations, Luis García, has anticipated a positive effect and even showed [[Sprint Nextel|Nextel]]'s subsidiary in Mexico as an example for hiring 14% of its new workforce in 2006 as people in their "first employment".<ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/403515.html Prevén impacto positivo con Programa del Primer Empleo], [[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]], "El Programa del Primer Empleo tendrá un impacto positivo en la generación de nuevas plazas laborales porque es un incentivo para las empresas, aseguró el presidente de la Asociación Mexicana de Dirección de Recursos Humanos (Amedirh), Luis García.", and, "Ejemplificó que Nextel contrató casi mil 300 personas durante 2006, de las cuales alrededor de 14 por ciento fue de nuevo ingreso y "tenemos pensado un crecimiento similar para este año pero con este beneficio", se podría incluso duplicar el número de personas en su primer empleo."</ref> However, other groups have criticized this program as being insufficient. [[Secretary of Labor (Mexico)|Secretary of Labor]] [[Javier Lozano Alarcón]] has admitted that the program will be insufficient to create as many new jobs as needed and has called for deeper reforms to allow for further investment.<ref>[http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2007/01/17/index.php?section=economia&article=023n1eco Insuficiente, el programa del primer empleo, reconoce titular del Trabajo] [[La Jornada]], "El titular de la Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social (STPS), Javier Lozano, admitió que el programa del primer empleo es insuficiente para satisfacer la demanda laboral del país", and "el funcionario agregó que lo que se requiere es elevar los niveles de competitividad del país y atraer más inversiones..., por lo que hizo un llamado a todos los actores para ir a favor de las modificaciones a la ley laboral vigente que no sufre cambios desde 1980."</ref> ====Public servants salary cap==== President Calderón announced, on his first day as president, a presidential decree limiting the president's salary and that of cabinet ministers. The measure only affects a few high-ranking officials, but excludes most of the bureaucracy and public servants in the legislative or judicial branches. According to a Freedom of Information Act request filed by ''[[Grupo Reforma|Reforma]],'' the decree will affect 546 high-level government officials and save the government about US$13 million.<ref>[http://mx.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200701301901_INF_30358916&idtel= mercados,finanzas,economia,fondos y cotizaciones - Invertia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The opposition has stated that the 10% reduction in salary as not being comprehensive enough.<ref>[http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/12/04/index.php?section=politica&article=008n2pol El proyecto, copia descafeinada de las propuestas de AMLO: priístas - La Jornada<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.revistafortuna.com.mx/opciones/archivo/2006/diciembre/htm/tendencioso.htm Tendencioso Decreto de Calderón para reducir salarios | REVISTA FORTUNA Negocios y Finanzas | Diciembre | 2006 |<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Calderón later launched a proposal for a constitutional amendment that, if passed, would significantly lower salaries for all public servants in all three branches of government and impose a cap on compensation.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601086&sid=acaQHjtF96DQ Calderon Proposes Cap on Mexican Government Salaries] "Mexican President Felipe Calderon asked Congress to cap salaries for government officials after issuing an executive order cutting his own pay."</ref> The proposal also includes measures to make the remuneration of public servants more transparent and subject to fiscalization.<ref>[http://www.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/index.php?sesion=2007/01/24/1&documento=1 Initiative to Reform Articles 73 and 127 of the Constitution of Mexico] (In Spanish)</ref> ===Security policy=== [[Image:Felipe Calderon Lula da Silva.jpg|300px|right|thumb|President Calderón and [[President of Brazil]] [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] with members of the [[Mexican Army]] in the background.]] Despite imposing a cap on salaries of high-ranking public servants, Calderón ordered a raise on the salaries of the Federal Police and the Mexican armed forces on his first day as president. Calderón's government also ordered massive raids on [[Illegal drug trade|drug cartels]] upon assuming office in December 2006. On [[January 19]], [[2007]], Mexican authorities captured alleged drug cartel leader [[Pedro Díaz Parada]]. It was the first major drug arrest during the Calderón administration. The next day, in a controversial move, the government announced the extradition to the [[United States]] of several drug gang leaders.<ref>[http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/latestnews/stories/012207dnintlmexdrugs.8234538.html Mexico vows to keep fighting drug trade] "A day after Mexico extradited four top drug kingpins to the U.S., Mexico's top security officials denied that the extraditions were a result of U.S. pressure"</ref> The Mexican government has also ordered Mexican soldiers and Federal Police into several cities, most notably, [[Tijuana]] and [[Monterrey]]. In Tijuana, the army ordered that all local police officers surrender their weapons, as it is suspected that many officers have ties with drug cartels. Other states where actions have been taken include [[Michoacán]], [[Tamaulipas]], [[Tabasco]], and [[Guerrero]]. In an interview with the'' [[Financial Times]],'' Calderón said that "we have received very encouraging results. In the state of Michoacán, for example, the murder rate has fallen almost 40 per cent compared with the average over the last six months. People’s support in the regions where we are operating has grown, and that has been very important. Opinion polls have confirmed that, and I think we have made it clear to everyone that this issue is a priority for us".<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/317c1bbc-ab01-11db-b5db-0000779e2340.html Financial Times] Interview transcript: Felipe Calderón</REF> On [[April 9]], [[2007]], the [[Secretariat of National Defense (Mexico)|Secretariat of Defense]] announced in a report the results of the first four months of Calderón's presidency. These results include the capture of 1,102 drug dealers, the detention of about $500 million [[Mexican peso|pesos]], 556 kilograms of [[marijuana]], 1,419 military grade weapons, two airplanes, 630 automobiles, and 15 sea ships that transported drugs, and the destruction of 285 clandestine runways, 777 drug camps, 52,842 marijuana farms and 33,019 [[opium poppy]] farms. The report claims that these results stopped the distribution of 1,428,124 doses of marijuana, 17,728,000 doses of [[cocaine]], 193,922,000 doses of [[heroin]], and 6,996,000 toxic pills, stopping the intoxication of 647,771,000 people, a lot of them with irreversible damage to their health.<ref>[http://www.milenio.com/monterrey/milenio/nota.asp?id=502232 Sedena: cayeron mil 102 narcos en cuatro meses] [[Milenio Diario]], April 9, 2007.</ref> Despite the government's reported success in detaining drug-lords, drug-related violence continues to increase. ''[[Milenio]]'' reported a 41% increase in drug-related deaths during the first quarter of this year, compared to the corresponding period last year, as the number of deaths increased to 677 from 480.<ref>[http://www.milenio.com/mexico/milenio/nota.asp?id=496907 México, D.F<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In the state of Michoacán, ''[[Excélsior]]'' reported 80 drug-related deaths during the first two months of the year, just three shy of the figure during the corresponding period last year.<ref>[http://www.nuevoexcelsior.com.mx/27_1607.htm Excélsior<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ''Reforma'' has reported that drug-related deaths averaged 4 per day during the first half of March, "despite the heavy presence of military police in the states of Michoacán, Baja California, Guerrero and the so-called Golden Triangle, comprising the states of Sinaloa, Durango and Chihuahua. <ref>[http://www.reforma.com/libre/online/envialo/Envia_Amigo.asp?pagina=http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/748636/default.asp&md5=4d1cd2ab690b6fc69a5e2ab46a760c8f Liga expirada<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In Monterrey, where the local State government has relied exclusively on Federal forces to resolve the crime issues, there has been such a surge in violence that 300 local law enforcement officers have quit their posts.<ref>[http://www.jornada.unam.mx/ultimas/2007/03/18/aumentan-asesinatos-en-nuevo-leon-pese-a-operativo-conjunto-de-seguridad/ Aumentan asesinatos en NL pese a Operativo de Seguridad — La Jornada<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/149281.html Renuncian agentes por violencia del narco - El Universal - México<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/primera/28588.html Incontenible, la ola de ejecuciones; ayer, otras 17 - El Universal - Primera<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ===Approval ratings=== Demonstrators have met Calderón during his tours of Europe and Central America, protesting human rights abuses in the [[2006 Oaxaca protests]] and electoral fraud in the controversial [[Mexican general election, 2006|Presidential Election of 2006]].<ref>[http://www.eldiariodechihuahua.com.mx/notas.php?IDNOTA=52764&IDSECCION=El%20Pa%C3%ADs&IDREPORTERO=Associated%20Press El Diario de Chihuahua<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>http://srv2.vanguardia.com.mx/hub.cfm/FuseAction.Detalle/Nota.598890/SecID.16/index.sal</ref><ref>[http://www.proceso.com.mx/noticia.html?sec=0&nta=47827 Blair defiende a Calderón<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/147983.html Realizan protestas en Madrid por Oaxaca y Atenco durante la visita del Ejecutivo - El Universal - México<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> According to a Parametria poll conducted from [[January 27]] to [[January 30]], Calderón's approval rating was 48%. The director of the polling firm, Francisco Abundis, attributed the decrease in Calderón's rating from an earlier 70% principally to the increase in the price of [[tortilla]].<ref>[http://www.terra.com.mx/formato.aspx?ref=0&articuloid=215217&paginaid=1&formatoId=2&canal=noticias Terra | Buscador<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2007/02/14/index.php?section=politica&article=024n1pol Fuerte caída en encuestas de popularidad de Felipe Calderón tras el alza a la tortilla - La Jornada<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> However, according to a poll by [[Grupo Reforma]] taken from [[February 16]] to [[February 18]], Calderón's current approval rating is of 58%. In this poll, Mexicans interviewed give President Calderón and his actions a score of 6.6 out of 10. He is best rated in his actions on issues related to health and reducing drug trafficking (60% and 59% approval respectively), and worst rated on domestic and foreign policy (33% approval each). Sixty percent of those interviewed judged that honesty was Calderón's best attribute during these first months of government. However, Reforma's breakdown of Calderóns approval rating found that the 54% of the interviewed who thought the 2006 election was legitimate gave the president a 77% approval rating, while the 34% who said they did not think the 2006 election was legitimate gave the president an approval rating of only 34%.<ref>{{es}} [http://gruporeforma.elnorte.com/graficoanimado/encuestas/1a_calderon/ Primera Evaluación al Presidente Felipe Calderón] (requires subscription), by [[Grupo Reforma]]</ref> According to a poll published on ''[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]]'',<ref name>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/graficos/paginas/calderon.htm ''El Universal''], ''Sube 10 puntos aprobación de Calderón''.</ref> Calderón's approval score increased from 6.5 (from 0 to 10) in January to 7.0 (from 0 to 10) in April. The poll took place from [[April 26]] to [[May 1]], and the figures have a [[Confidence interval|confidence level]] of 95%. Individuals affiliated to the PAN and PRI gave the highest scores (8.2 and 6.9 respectively), and the biggest increases were seen in members affiliated to the PRI and PRD (1.0 and 0.9 respectively). A more recent poll by Ipsos-Bimsa shows a decrease in Calderon's approval rating, from 64% in August 2007 to 57% in November 2007 <ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/459225.html], ''Cae apoyo a Calderón''.</ref> . ==Orders, awards and recognition== *{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Order of Isabel the Catholic]], Grand Cross with Collar, awarded by the [[King Juan Carlos I of Spain]] on Felipe Calderón State visit to [[Spain]], [[June 11]], [[2008]]. *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Order of the Southern Cross|National Order of the Southern Cross]], Grand Collar, awarded by the Government of [[Brazil]], August 7, 2007. *{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Order of the Elephant]], Knight, awarded by [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Queen Margrethe II of Denmark]] on her state visit to Mexico, February 18, 2008. *{{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[José Matías Delgado|National Order of Doctor José Matías Delgado]], Grand Cross, awarded by the Government of [[El Salvador]], March 4, 2008 *{{flagicon|Chile}} [[Order of the Grand Merit]], Collar, awarded by the [[President of Chile]] [[Michelle Bachelet]] on her state visit to Mexico. *{{flagicon|Belize}} [[Order of Belize]], awarded by then-[[Prime Minister of Belize]] [[Said Musa]] on Felipe Calderon state visit to [[Belize]]. *[http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=1896 Leader of the Year], Latin Business Chronicle, December 17, 2007. ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{Commonscat|Felipe Calderón}} *{{es icon}} [http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/ Office of the President of Mexico site] *[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9437374/Felipe-Calderon Encyclopaedia Britannica, Felipe Calderon] full access article *{{es icon}} [http://www.cidob.org/es/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_norte/mexico/felipe_calderon_hinojosa Extended biography by CIDOB Foundation] * Felipe Calderón's speech to the Mexican people from the [http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/?contenido=28456 'National Auditorium'], 2006 ==Political offices== {{start box}} {{s-off}} {{Incumbent succession box | title = [[President of Mexico]] | before = [[Vicente Fox]] | start = 2006 }} {{Succession box | before = [[Ernesto Martens]] | title = [[Secretary of Energy (Mexico)|Secretary of Energy of Mexico]] | years = 2003 &ndash; 2004 | after = [[Fernando Elizondo Barragán]] }} {{s-ppo}} {{Succession box | before = [[Carlos Castillo Peraza]] | title = [[National Action Party (Mexico)|President of the National Action Party of Mexico]] | years = 1996 &ndash; 1999 | after = [[Luis Felipe Bravo Mena]] }} {{Succession box | before = [[Vicente Fox]] | title = [[National Action Party (Mexico)|PAN]] [[President of Mexico|presidential candidate]] | years = [[Mexican general election, 2006|2006]]<br><small>Won</small> | after = Most recent }} {{end box}} {{MexPostRevPresidents}} <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --> {{Persondata |NAME= Calderón, Felipe |ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Calderón Hinojosa, Felipe de Jesús (Spanish); Calderon, Felipe (English) |SHORT DESCRIPTION= [[President of Mexico]] (2006 - Incumbent) |DATE OF BIRTH= [[1962-08-18]] |PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Morelia]], [[Michoacán]], [[Mexico]] |DATE OF DEATH= |PLACE OF DEATH= }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Calderon, Felipe}} [[Category:Presidents of Mexico]] [[Category:Current national leaders]] [[Category:Mexican Secretaries of Energy]] [[Category:Mexican federal deputies]] [[Category:Members of the National Action Party (Mexico)]] [[Category:Presidents of the National Action Party (Mexico)]] [[Category:Mexican presidential candidates (2006)]] [[Category:Mexican lawyers]] [[Category:Escuela Libre de Derecho alumni]] [[Category:Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México alumni]] [[Category:Harvard University alumni]] [[Category:Knights of the Elephant]] [[Category:People from Morelia]] [[Category:1962 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Mexican Roman Catholics]] [[bg:Фелипе Калдерон]] [[ca:Felipe Calderón]] [[cs:Felipe Calderón]] [[da:Felipe Calderón]] [[de:Felipe Calderón]] [[et:Felipe Calderón]] [[el:Φελίπε Καλντερόν]] [[es:Felipe Calderón Hinojosa]] [[eo:Felipe Calderón]] [[fr:Felipe Calderón]] [[gl:Felipe Calderón]] [[hr:Felipe Calderón]] [[id:Felipe Calderón]] [[it:Felipe Calderón Hinojosa]] [[he:פליפה קלדרון]] [[la:Philippus Calderon Hinojosa]] [[lb:Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa]] [[lt:Felipe Calderón]] [[ms:Felipe Calderón]] [[nah:Felipe Calderón]] [[nl:Felipe Calderón]] [[ja:フェリペ・カルデロン]] [[no:Felipe Calderón]] [[nn:Felipe Calderón]] [[pl:Felipe Calderón]] [[pt:Felipe Calderón]] [[ru:Кальдерон, Фелипе Инохоса]] [[sk:Felipe Calderón]] [[sh:Felipe Calderon]] [[sr:Фелипе Калдерон]] [[fi:Felipe Calderón]] [[sv:Felipe Calderón]] [[uk:Кальдерон Феліпе]] [[cbk-zam:Felipe Calderon]] [[zh:费利佩·卡尔德龙]]