Fields of science
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/* Political science */
'''Fields of science''' are widely-recognized categories of specialized expertise within [[science]], and typically embody their own [[terminology]] and [[nomenclature]].
== Natural sciences ==
{{main|Natural science}} See also: [[#Social sciences|Social sciences, below]]''
{{Natural sciences-footer}}
===[[Physical Sciences]]===
====[[Chemistry]]====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Analytical chemistry]]
* [[Biochemistry]]
* [[Computational chemistry]]
* [[Electrochemistry]]
* [[Inorganic chemistry]]
* [[Materials science]]
* [[Medicinal chemistry]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Organic chemistry]]
* [[Polymer chemistry]]
* [[Physical chemistry]]
* [[Quantum chemistry]]
* [[Spectroscopy]]
* [[Stereochemistry]]
* [[Thermochemistry]]
* [[Thermodynamics]]
{{col-end}}
====[[Physics]]====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Acoustics]]
* [[Agrophysics]]
* [[Atomic, Molecular, and Optical physics]]
* [[Biophysics]]
* [[Computational physics]]
* [[Condensed matter physics]]
* [[Cryogenics]]
* [[dynamics (mechanics)|Dynamics]]
* [[Electromagnetism|Electricity & Magnetism]]
* [[Fluid dynamics]]
* [[Geophysics]]
* [[Materials physics]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Mathematical physics]]
* [[Mechanics]]
* [[Nuclear physics]]
* [[Optics]]
* [[Particle physics]] (or High Energy Physics)
* [[Plasma physics]]
* [[Polymer physics]]
* [[Quantum Physics]]
* [[Statics]]
* [[Solid state physics|Solid State]]
* [[Thermodynamics]]
* [[Vehicle dynamics]]
*[[Electronics]]
*[[Laser Physics]]
{{col-end}}
===[[Space sciences]]===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Archaeoastronomy]]
* [[Astrobiology]]
* [[Astrochemistry]]
* [[Astrodynamics]]
* [[Astrometry]]
* [[Astronomy]]
* [[Astrophysics]]
* [[Cosmochemistry]]
* [[Cosmology]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Extragalactic astronomy]]
* [[Galactic astronomy]]
* [[Physical cosmology|Cosmology]]
* [[Planetary geology]]
* [[Planetary science]]
* [[Sun|Solar astronomy]]
* [[Astronomy#Stellar astronomy|Stellar astronomy]]
{{col-end}}
===[[Earth sciences]]===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Biogeography]]
* [[Cartography]]
* [[Climatology]]
* [[Coastal geography]]
* [[Geodesy]]
* [[Geography]]
* [[Geology]]
* [[Geomorphology]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Geostatistics]]
* [[Geophysics]]
* [[Glaciology]]
* [[Hydrology]]
* [[Hydrogeology]]
* [[Mineralogy]]
* [[Meteorology]]
* [[Oceanography]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Paleoclimatology]]
* [[Paleontology]]
* [[Petrology]]
* [[Limnology]]
* [[Seismology]]
* [[Soil science]]
* [[Topography]]
* [[Volcanology]]
{{col-end}}
===[[Environmental science]]s===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*[[Environmental science]]
*[[Environmental chemistry]]
{{col-break}}
*[[Environmental geology]]
*[[Environmental soil science]]
{{col-end}}
===[[Life sciences]]===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Anatomy]]
* [[Astrobiology]]
* [[Biochemistry]]
* [[Bioinformatics]]
* [[Biology]]
* [[Biophysics]]
* [[Biotechnology]]
* [[Botany]]
* [[Cell biology]]
* [[Chronobiology]]
* [[Cladistics]]
* [[Cytology]]
* [[Dermatology]]
* [[Developmental biology]]
* [[Ecology]]
* [[Embryology]]
* [[Entomology]]
* [[Epidemiology]]
* [[Ethology]]
* [[Evolution]] (Evolutionary biology)
* [[Evolutionary developmental biology]]
* [[Freshwater Biology]]
* [[Genetics]] ([[Population genetics]], [[Genomics]], [[Proteomics]])
{{col-break}}
* [[Histology]]
* [[Immunology]]
* [[Kinesiology]]
* [[Marine biology]]
* [[Microbiology]]
* [[Molecular Biology]]
* [[Morphology (biology)|Morphology]]
* [[Neuroscience]]
* [[Ontogeny]]
* [[Phycology]] (Algology)
* [[Phylogeny]]
* [[Physical anthropology]]
* [[Physical therapy]]
* [[Physiology]]
* [[Population dynamics]]
* [[Structural biology]]
* [[Taxonomy]]
* [[Toxicology]]
* [[Virology]]
* [[Zoology]]
{{col-end}}
== Formal sciences ==
{{main|Formal sciences}}
=== [[Computer sciences]] ===
{{col-begin|width=95%}}
{{col-1-of-3}}
* [[Theory of computation]]
** [[Automata theory]] ([[Formal languages]])
** [[Computability theory (computer science)|Computability theory]]
** [[Computational complexity theory]]
** [[Concurrency (computer science)#Theory|Concurrency theory]]
* [[Algorithms]]
** [[Randomized algorithms]]
** [[Distributed algorithms]]
** [[Parallel algorithms]]
* [[Data structures]]
* [[Computer architecture]]
** [[Very-large-scale integration|VLSI design]]
* [[Operating systems]]
* [[Computer networking|Computer communications (networks)]]
** [[Information theory]]
** [[Internet]], [[World wide web]]
** [[Wireless computing]] ([[Mobile computing]])
* [[Computer security]] and [[High availability|reliability]]
** [[Cryptography]]
** [[Fault-tolerant system|Fault-tolerant computing]]
* [[Distributed computing]]
** [[Grid computing]]
* [[Parallel computing]]
** [[High-performance computing]]
* [[Quantum computing]]
* [[Computer graphics]]
** [[Image processing]]
** [[Scientific visualization]]
** [[Computational geometry]]
{{col-2-of-3}}
* [[Software engineering]]
** [[Formal methods]] ([[Formal verification]])
* [[Programming languages]]
** [[Programming paradigms]]
*** [[Object-oriented programming]]
*** [[Functional programming]]
** [[Program semantics]]
** [[Type theory]]
** [[Compilers]]
** [[Concurrent computing#Concurrent programming languages|Concurrent programming languages]]
* [[Information science]]
** [[Database]]
*** [[Relational database]]
*** [[Distributed database]]
*** [[Object database]]
** [[Multimedia]], [[hypermedia]]
** [[Data mining]]
** [[Information retrieval]]
* [[Artificial intelligence]]
**[[Cognitive science]]
*** [[Automated reasoning]]
*** [[Machine learning]]
**** [[Artificial neural network]]
*** [[Natural language processing]] ([[Computational linguistics]])
*** [[Computer vision]]
** [[Expert systems]]
** [[Robotics]]
{{col-3-of-3}}
* [[Human-computer interaction]]
* Computing in [[Mathematics]], [[Natural sciences]], [[Engineering]] and [[Medicine]]
** [[Numerical analysis]]
** [[Symbolic computation|Algebraic (symbolic) computation]]
** [[Computational number theory]]
** [[Computational mathematics]]
** [[Scientific computing|Scientific computing (Computational science)]]
** [[Computational biology|Computational biology (bioinformatics)]]
** [[Computational physics]]
** [[Computational chemistry]]
** [[Computational neuroscience]]
** [[Computer-aided engineering]]
*** [[Finite element analysis]]
***[[Computational fluid dynamics]]
* Computing in [[Social sciences]], [[Arts]] and [[Humanities]], [[Professions]]
**[[Computational economics]]
** [[Computational sociology]]
** [[Computational finance]]
** [[Digital Humanities|Humanities computing (Digital Humanities)]]
* [[Information systems]] ([[Business informatics]])
** [[Information technology]]
** [[Management information systems]]
** [[Health informatics]]
* Computer and society
** History of computing ([[history of computer hardware]] & [[history of computer science]])
** [[Humanistic informatics]]
** [[Community informatics]]
{{col-end}}
See also [[List of basic computer science topics#Branches of computer science|Branches of Computer Science]] and ACM [http://www.acm.org/class/ Computing Classification System]
=== [[Mathematics]]===
{{col-begin|width=95%}}
{{col-1-of-3}}
*[[Algebra]]
** [[Group theory]]
*** [[Group representation]]
** [[Ring theory]]
** [[Field theory (mathematics)|Field theory]]
** [[Linear algebra]] ([[Vector space]])
** [[Multilinear algebra]]
** [[Lie algebra]]
** [[Associative algebra]]
** [[Non-associative algebra]]
** [[Universal algebra]]
** [[Homological algebra]]
** [[Category theory]]
** [[Lattice theory]] ([[Order theory]])
** [[Differential algebra]]
*[[Mathematical analysis|Analysis]]
**[[Real analysis]]
***[[Calculus]]
**[[Complex analysis]]
**[[Functional analysis]]
*** [[Operator theory]]
**[[Non-standard analysis]]
**[[Harmonic analysis]]
**[[p-adic analysis]]
**[[Ordinary differential equations]]
**[[Partial differential equations]]
{{col-2-of-3}}
*[[Probability theory]]
**[[Measure theory]]
**[[Ergodic theory]]
**[[Stochastic process]]
*[[Geometry]] and [[Topology]]
**[[General topology]]
**[[Algebraic topology]]
**[[Geometric topology]]
**[[Differential topology]]
**[[Algebraic geometry]]
**[[Differential geometry]]
**[[Projective geometry]]
**[[Affine geometry]]
**[[Non-Euclidean geometry]]
**[[Convex geometry]]
**[[Discrete geometry]]
*[[Number theory]]
**[[Analytic number theory]]
**[[Algebraic number theory]]
**[[Geometric number theory]]
*[[Mathematical logic|Logic]] and [[Foundations of mathematics]]
**[[Set theory]]
**[[Proof theory]]
**[[Model theory]]
**[[Recursion theory]]
**[[Modal logic]]
**[[Intuitionistic logic]]
{{col-3-of-3}}
*[[Applied mathematics]]
**[[Statistics]]
***[[Mathematical statistics]]
***[[Econometrics]]
***[[Actuarial science]]
***[[Demography]]
**[[Approximation theory]]
**[[Numerical analysis]]
**[[Optimization (mathematics)|Optimization (Mathematical programming)]]
***[[Operations research]]
***[[Linear programming]]
**[[Dynamical systems]]
***[[Chaos theory]]
***[[Fractal geometry]]
**[[Mathematical physics]]
***[[Quantum field theory]]
***[[Statistical mechanics]]
**[[Theory of computation]]
***[[Computational complexity theory]]
**[[Information theory]]
**[[Cryptography]]
**[[Combinatorics]]
***[[Coding theory]]
**[[Graph theory]]
**[[Game theory]]
{{col-end}}
see also [[list of mathematics lists#Fields of mathematics|Branches of Mathematics]] and AMS [http://www.ams.org/msc/ Mathematics Subject Classification]''
=== [[Systems science]] ===
{{col-begin|width=95%}}
{{col-1-of-3}}
* [[Chaos theory]]
* [[Complex systems]]
* [[Complexity theory]]
* [[Cybernetics]]
** [[Biocybernetics]]
** [[Engineering cybernetics]]
** [[Management cybernetics]]
** [[Medical cybernetics]]
** [[New Cybernetics]]
** [[Second-order cybernetics]]
* [[Control theory]]
** [[Affect control theory]]
** [[Control engineering]]
** [[Control systems]]
** [[Dynamical systems]]
** [[Perceptual control theory]]
{{col-2-of-3}}
* [[Operations research]]
* [[Systems biology]]
** [[Computational systems biology]]
** [[Synthetic biology]]
** [[Systems immunology]]
* [[Systems dynamics]]
** [[Social dynamics]]
* [[Systems ecology]]
** [[Ecosystem ecology]]
* [[Systems engineering]]
** [[Biological systems engineering]]
** [[Earth systems engineering and management]]
** [[Enterprise systems engineering]]
** [[Systems analysis]]
{{col-3-of-3}}
* [[Systems psychology]]
** [[Ergonomics]]
** [[Family systems theory]]
** [[Systemic therapy]]
* [[Systems theory]]
** [[Biochemical systems theory]]
** [[Ecological systems theory]]
** [[Developmental systems theory]]
** [[General systems theory]]
** [[Living systems theory]]
** [[LTI system theory]]
** [[Sociotechnical systems theory]]
** [[Mathematical system theory]]
** [[World-systems theory]]
{{col-end}}
== Social sciences ==
{{main|Social sciences}} See also: [[#Natural sciences|Natural sciences, above]]''
{{Social sciences-footer}}
===[[Anthropology]]===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Applied anthropology]]
* [[Anthropology of religion]]
* [[Archaeology]]
* [[Cultural anthropology]]
* [[Ethnobiology]]
* [[Ethnography]]
* [[Ethnology]]
* [[Ethnopoetics]]
* [[Evolutionary anthropology]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Experimental archaeology]]
* [[Historical archaeology]]
* [[Linguistic anthropology]]
* [[Medical anthropology]]
* [[Physical anthropology]]
* [[Psychological anthropology]]
* [[Zooarchaeology]]
{{col-end}}
===[[Economics]]===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Macroeconomics]]
* [[Microeconomics]]
* [[Behavioural economics]]
* [[Bioeconomics]]
* [[Development economics]]
* [[Econometrics]]
* [[Economic geography]]
* [[Economic history]]
* [[Economic sociology]]
* [[Energy economics]]
* [[Entrepreneurial Economics]]
* [[Environmental economics]]
* [[Feminist economics]]
* [[Financial economics]]
* [[Green economics]]
* [[Industrial organization]]
* [[International economics]]
* [[Institutional economics]]
* [[Islamic economics]]
* [[Labor economics]]
* [[Law and Economics]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Managerial economics]]
* [[Mathematical economics]]
* [[Monetary economics]]
* [[Public finance]]
* [[Public economics]]
* [[Platform economics]]
* [[Real estate economics]]
* [[Resource economics]]
* [[Socialist economics]]
* [[Welfare economics]]
* [[Computational economics]]
* [[Econometrics]]
* [[Evolutionary economics]]
* [[Experimental economics]]
* [[Social psychology]]
* [[Neuroeconomics]]
* [[Political economy]]
* [[Socioeconomics]]
* [[Transport economics]]
{{col-end}}
===[[Psychology]]===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Behavior analysis]]
* [[Biopsychology]]
* [[Cognitive psychology]]
* [[Clinical psychology]]
* [[Cultural psychology]]
* [[Developmental psychology]]
* [[Educational psychology]]
* [[Evolutionary psychology]]
* [[Experimental psychology]]
* [[Forensic psychology]]
* [[Health psychology]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Humanistic psychology]]
* [[Industrial and organizational psychology]]
* [[Neuropsychology]]
* [[Personality psychology]]
* [[Psychometrics]]
* [[Psychology of religion]]
* [[Psychophysics]]
* [[Physical psychology]]
* [[Sensation and perception psychology]]
* [[Social psychology]]
{{col-end}}
===[[Geography]]===
{{col-start|width=95%}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Cartography]]
* [[Human geography]]
** [[Critical geography]]
** [[Cultural geography]]
** [[Feminist geography]]
** [[Economic geography]]
** [[Development geography]]
** [[Historical geography]]
** [[Time geography]]
** [[Political geography]] & [[geopolitics]]
** [[Marxist geography]]
** [[Military geography]]
** [[Strategic geography]]
** [[Population geography]]
** [[Social geography]]
** [[Behavioral geography]]
** [[Children's geographies]]
** [[Health geography]]
** [[Tourism geography]]
** [[Urban geography]]
{{Col-break}}
* [[Environmental geography]]
* [[Physical geography]]
** [[Biogeography]]
** [[Climatology]]
** [[Palaeoclimatology]]
** [[Coastal geography]]
** [[Geomorphology]]
** [[Geodesy]]
** [[Hydrology]]/[[Hydrography]]
** [[Glaciology]]
** [[Limnology]]
** [[Oceanography]]
** [[Pedology (soil study)|Pedology]]
** [[Landscape ecology]]
** [[Palaeogeography]]
* [[Regional geography]]
{{col-break}}
{{col-end}}
===[[Linguistics]]===
* [[Historical linguistics]]
* [[Morphology (linguistics)|Morphology]]
* [[Phonetics]]
* [[Phonology]]
* [[Semantics]]
* [[Semiotics]]
* [[Syntax]]
* [[Etymology]]
===[[Philosophy]]===
Not considered a science by some thinkers, instead considered a precursor of it. Several fields of philosophy are more directly relevant to the natural and social sciences than others. These include:
* [[Epistemology]]
* [[Ethics]]
* [[Logic]]
* [[Philosophy of mind]]
* [[Philosophy of science]]
===[[Political science]]===
* [[Public policy]]
* [[Public administration]]
* [[Ideology]]
* [[Game theory]]
* [[Psephology]] ([[voting systems]] and electoral behaviour)
* [[Political economy]]
* [[Geopolitics]] and [[political geography]]
* Policy studies and [[public policy]] analysis
* [[Comparative politics]]
* National systems
* Cross-national political analysis
* [[Supranational]] and [[intergovernmental]] politics
* [[Globalization]] studies
* Political development
* [[International relations theory]]
* [[Foreign policy analysis]]
* [[public administration]] and [[local government]] studies
* [[Political psychology]], bureaucratic, administrative and judicial behaviour
* Legislative processes and public law
* [[Power in international relations]] and the theory of [[great power]]s and [[superpower]]s.
* Political science of religion
* Research methodology
* Security Studies
* Strategic Studies
===[[Sociology]]===
See also [[Subfields of sociology]]
* [[Criminology]]
* [[Demography]]
===[[History]]===
===[[Education]]===
===[[Law]]'''/'''[[Government]]===
===[[Management]]===
==Applied sciences==
===[[Architecture]]===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Architectural engineering]]
* [[Architecture]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Building science]]
* [[Urbanism]]
{{col-end}}
===[[Cognitive sciences]]===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Cognitive neuroscience]]
* [[Cognitive psychology]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Neuropsychology]]
* [[Psycholinguistics]]
{{col-end}}
===[[Engineering]]===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Aeronautical engineering]]
* [[Aerospace engineering]]
* [[Agricultural engineering]]
* [[Agricultural science]]
* [[Biomedical engineering]]
* [[Chemical engineering]]
* [[Civil engineering]]
* [[Computer engineering]]
* [[Control engineering]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Electrical engineering]]
* [[Language engineering]]
* [[Marine engineering]]
* [[Mechanical engineering]]
* [[Mining engineering]]
* [[Nuclear engineering]]
* [[Polymer science|Polymer engineering]]
* [[Software engineering]]
* [[Systems engineering]]
{{col-end}}
===[[Health science]]s===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Conservation medicine]]
* [[Dentistry]]
* [[Nutrition]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Medicine]]
* [[Veterinary medicine]]
{{col-end}}
====[[Medicine]]====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Anatomy]]
* [[Dermatology]]
* [[Gynecology]]
* [[Immunology]]
* [[Internal medicine]]
* [[Neurology]]
* [[Ophthalmology]]
* [[Pathology]]
* [[Pathophysiology]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Pediatrics]]
* [[Pharmacology]]
* [[Physical therapy]]
* [[Physiology]]
* [[Psychiatry]]
* [[Radiology]]
* [[Toxicology]]
* [[Urology]]
{{col-end}}
===[[Military science|Military Science]]===
* [[Military organisation|Military Organisation]]
* [[Recruit training|Military Education and Training]]
* [[Military history|Military History]]
* [[Military technology and equipment|Military Engineering]]
* [[Military strategy|Military Strategy and Tactics]]
== See also ==
* [[Science]]
* [[List of fields of doctoral studies]]
* [[List of academic disciplines]]
*Complete [[Joint Academic Classification of Subjects]] (JACS) from [[Higher Education Statistics Agency]] (HESA) in the [[United Kingdom]]: [http://www.hesa.ac.uk/jacs/completeclassification.htm]
[[Category:Science]]
[[ar:حقول العلم]]
[[nov:Fakes de sientie]]