Fishery
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{{fishery topics}}
:''For the fishing industry and the practice of fishing, see [[fishing]].
[[Image:Becharof Wilderness Salmon.jpg|thumb|200px|left|A salmon fishery with salmon spawning within the [[Becharof Wilderness]] in southern [[Alaska]].]]
A '''fishery''' is an area with an associated [[fish]] or [[aquatic]] population which is harvested for its value ([[Commercial fishing|commercial]], [[Recreational fishing|recreational]], [[subsistence]]). It can be [[Seawater|saltwater]] or [[freshwater]], [[Wildlife|wild]] or [[farmed]]. Examples are the [[salmon]] fishery of [[Alaska]], the [[Atlantic cod|cod]] fishery off the [[Lofoten]] islands or the [[tuna]] fishery of the [[Pacific Ocean|Eastern Pacific]].
Most fisheries are [[sea water|marine]], rather than freshwater; most marine fisheries are based near the [[coast]]. This is not only because harvesting from relatively shallow waters is easier than in the open ocean, but also because fish are much more abundant near the [[coast|coastal shelf]], due to [[upwelling|coastal upwelling]] and the abundance of [[nutrients]] available there. However, productive wild fisheries also exist in open oceans, particularly by [[seamount]]s, and inland in lakes and rivers.
Most fisheries are [[Wild fisheries of the world|wild fisheries]], but increasingly fisheries are [[Fish farm|farmed]]. Farming can occur in coastal areas, such as with oyster farms,<ref>New Zealand Seafood Industry Council. [http://www.seafood.co.nz/musselfarming ''Mussel Farming.'']</ref> but more typically occur inland, in lakes, ponds, tanks and other enclosures.
There are fisheries worldwide for fish, [[mollusk]]s and [[crustacean]]s, and by extension, [[aquatic plant]]s such as [[kelp]]. However, a very small number of species support the majority of the world’s fisheries. Some of these species are [[herring]], [[cod]], [[anchovy]], [[tuna]], [[flounder]], [[Mullet (fish)|mullet]], [[squid]], [[shrimp]], [[salmon]], [[crab]], [[lobster]], [[oyster]] and [[scallop]]s. All except these last four provided a worldwide catch of well over a [[million]] [[tonne]]s in 1999, with [[herring]] and [[sardine]]s together providing a harvest of over 22 million metric tons in 1999. Many other species as well are harvested in smaller numbers.
==See also==
* [[Ecosystem]]
* [[Fish farming]]
* [[Fisheries management]]
* [[Fisheries science]]
* [[Wild fisheries of the world]]
* [[Population dynamics of fisheries]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.fao.org/fi/default.asp FAO Fisheries Department] and its [http://www.fao.org/sof/sofia/index_en.htm SOFIA report]
* [http://firms.fao.org The Fishery Resources Monitoring System (FIRMS)]
* [http://oregonstate.edu/Dept/IIFET/ The International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade (IIFET)]
*[http://darwin.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11608&page=1 Dynamic Changes in Marine Ecosystems: Fishing, Food Webs, and Future Options (2006)], [[U.S. National Academy of Sciences]]
* [http://www.unepscs.org/ UNEP/GEF South China Sea Project] and its [http://refugia.unepscs.org/ Fisheries Refugia Portal] and [http://www.unepscs.org/SCS_Documents/Download/19_-_Technical_Publications_and_Guidelines/Technical_Publication_15_-_National_Reports_on_Fish_Stocks_and_Habitats_of_the_South_China_Sea.html National Reports on Fish Stocks and Habitats in the South China Sea]
{{fisheries and fishing}}
[[Category:Fisheries| ]]
[[da:Fiskeri]]
[[de:Fischerei]]
[[el:Αλιευτικό πεδίο]]
[[es:Caladero]]
[[fr:Pêcherie]]
[[hr:Ribarstvo]]
[[is:Sjávarútvegur]]
[[nl:Visserij]]
[[ja:漁業]]
[[no:Fiskeri]]
[[nds:Fischeree]]
[[pl:Rybołówstwo]]
[[pt:Pesca]]
[[se:Guolásteapmi]]
[[sk:Rybárstvo]]
[[fi:Kalastus]]
[[tr:Balıkçılık]]