Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
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{{Infobox Monarch
| name =Francis II (Francis I of Austria)
| title =Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of Austria, <br>King of Hungary and Bohemia, King of Croatia and Slavonia, [[King of Italy]]
| image =[[Image:Friedrich von Amerling 003.jpg|250px]]
| caption =
| reign = ''as Holy Roman Emperor'' - <br>[[March 1]] [[1792]] - [[August 6]] [[1806]]; <br>''as Emperor of Austria'' - <br>[[August 11]] [[1804]] - [[March 2]] [[1835]]
| coronation =
| othertitles =[[King of Croatia and Slavonia]] </br> [[Archduke of Austria]]
| full name =Francis Joseph Charles
| predecessor =[[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]]
| successor =[[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand I]]
| suc-type =
| heir =
| consort =''1816-35'' - [[Caroline Augusta of Bavaria]]
| spouse 1 =''1788-90'' - [[Elisabeth of Württemberg]]
| spouse 2 =''1790-1807'' - [[Maria Theresa of the Two Sicilies]]
| spouse 3 =''1808-16'' - [[Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este]]
| issue = [[Archduchess Ludovika Elisabeth of Austria|Louise Elisabeth]] </br> [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Marie Louise]] </br> [[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand]] </br> [[Maria Leopoldina of Austria|Maria Leopoldina]] </br> [[Archduchess Clementina, Princess of Salerno|Maria Clementina]] </br> Maria Caroline </br>[[Archduke Franz Karl of Austria|Franz Karl]] </br> Maria Anna
| royal house = [[Habsburg-Lorraine]]
| dynasty =
| royal anthem =
| father =[[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]]
| mother =[[Maria Louisa of Spain (1745-1792)|Maria Louisa of Spain]]
| date of birth =[[February 12]], [[1768]]
| place of birth =[[Florence]]
| date of death =[[March 2]], [[1835]]
| place of death =[[Vienna]]
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
|}}
'''Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor''' ({{lang-de|Franz II, Heiliger Römischer Kaiser}}) ([[12 February]] [[1768]] – [[2 March]] [[1835]]) was the last [[Holy Roman Emperor]], ruling from 1792 until [[6 August]], [[1806]], when he dissolved the [[Holy Roman Empire|Empire]] after the disastrous defeat of the [[Third Coalition]] by [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] at the [[Battle of Austerlitz]]. In 1804 he had founded the [[Austrian Empire]] and became '''Francis I of Austria''' (''Franz I.''), the first [[Emperor of Austria]], ruling from 1804 to 1835, so later he was named the one and only ''Doppelkaiser'' (double emperor) in history. For the two years between 1804 and 1806 Francis used the title and style ''by the grace of God '''elected''' Roman Emperor, always August, '''hereditary''' Emperor of Austria'' and he was called the ''Emperor of both Germany and Austria''. Francis I continued his leading role as an opponent of Napoleonic France in the [[Napoleonic Wars]], and suffered several more defeats after Austerlitz. The proxy marriage of state of his daughter [[Marie Louise of Austria]] to [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon I]] on [[March 10]], [[1810]] was assuredly his most severe.
==Early life==
Francis was a son of [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Leopold II]] (1747 – 1792) and his wife [[Maria Luisa of Spain]] (1745 – 1792), daughter of [[Charles III of Spain]]. Francis was born in [[Florence]], the capital of [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany|Tuscany]] where his father reigned as [[Grand Duke of Tuscany|Grand Duke]] from 1765–90. Though he had a happy childhood surrounded by his many siblings,<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 233}}</ref> his family knew Francis was likely to be a future Emperor (his uncle [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph]] had no surviving issue from either of his two marriages), and so in 1784 the young Archduke was sent to the Imperial Court in [[Vienna]] to educate and prepare him for his future role.<ref name=wheatcroft234>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs| accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 234}}</ref>
Emperor Joseph himself took charge of Francis's development, and his disciplinarian regime was a stark contrast to the indulgent Florentine Court of Leopold. The Emperor wrote that Francis was "stunted in growth", "backward in bodily dexterity and deportment", and "neither more nor less than a spoiled mother's child". Joseph concluded that "…the manner in which he was treated for upwards of sixteen years could not but have confirmed him in the delusion that the preservation of his own person was the only thing of importance."<ref name=wheatcroft234/>
Joseph's [[martinet]] method of improving the young Francis were "fear and unpleasantness".<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs| accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 235}}</ref> The young Archduke was isolated, the reasoning being that this would make him more self-sufficient as it was felt by Joseph that Francis "fail[ed] to lead himself, to do his own thinking". Nonetheless, Francis greatly admired his uncle, if rather feared him. To complete his training, Francis was sent to join an army regiment in [[Hungary]] and he settled easily into the routine of military life.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs|accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 236}}</ref>
After the death of Joseph II in 1790, Francis's father became Emperor. He had an early taste of power while acting as Leopold's deputy in Vienna while the incoming Emperor traversed the Empire attempting to win back those alienated by his brother's policies.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs| accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 238}}</ref> The strain told on Leopold, and by the winter of 1791 he became ill. He gradually worsened throughout early 1792, and, on the afternoon of [[1 March]] Leopold died, at the relatively young age of 44. Francis, just past his 24th birthday, was now Emperor much sooner than he had expected.
==Emperor==
As the leader of the large multi-ethnic [[Habsburg Empire]], Francis felt threatened by [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon's]] call for liberty and equality in [[Europe]]. Francis had a fraught relationship with [[France]]. His aunt [[Marie Antoinette of Austria|Marie Antoinette]] died under the [[guillotine]] at the beginning of his reign. Francis, on the whole, was indifferent to her fate (she was not close to his father Leopold, and Francis had never met her). [[Georges Danton]] attempted to negotiate with the Emperor for Marie Antoinette's release from captivity, but Francis was unwilling to make any concessions in return.<ref>{{cite book |last=Fraser|title=M.Antoinette |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 492}}</ref> Later, he led Austria into the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] and was defeated by Napoleon. By the [[Treaty of Campo Formio]], he ceded the left bank of the [[Rhine]] to [[First French Republic|France]] in exchange for [[Venice]] and [[Dalmatia]]. He again fought against France during the [[War of the Second Coalition|Second]] and [[War of the Third Coalition|Third Coalition]], when after meeting crushing defeat at [[Battle of Austerlitz|Austerlitz]], he had to agree to the [[Treaty of Pressburg]], which effectively dissolved the [[Holy Roman Empire]], weakening the [[Austrian Empire]] and reorganizing present-day [[Germany]] under a Napoleonic imprint.
In 1809, Francis attacked France again, hoping to take advantage of the [[Peninsular War]] embroiling Napoleon in [[Spain]]. He was again defeated, and this time forced to ally himself with Napoleon, ceding territory to the Empire, joining the [[Continental System]], and wedding his daughter [[Marie Louise of Austria|Marie-Louise]] to the Emperor. Francis essentially became a [[vassal]] of the Emperor of the French. The [[Napoleonic wars]] drastically weakened Austria and threatened its preeminence among the states of Germany, a position that it would eventually cede to the [[Kingdom of Prussia]].
{{House of Habsburg-Lorraine after Francis I}}
In 1813, for the fourth and final time, Austria turned against France and joined [[Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]], and Prussia in their [[Sixth Coalition|war against Napoleon]]. Austria played a major role in the final defeat of France—in recognition of this, Francis, represented by [[Clemens von Metternich]], presided over the [[Congress of Vienna]], helping to form the [[Concert of Europe]] and the [[Holy Alliance]], ushering in an era of [[conservatism]] and [[reactionism]] in Europe. The [[German Confederation]], a loose association of [[Central Europe]]an states was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to organize the surviving states of the Holy Roman Empire. The Congress was a personal triumph for Francis, where he hosted the assorted dignitaries in comfort,<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 249}}</ref> though Francis undermined his allies [[Alexander I of Russia|Tsar Alexander]] and [[Frederick William III of Prussia]] by negotiating a secret treaty with the restored French king [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 250}}</ref>
The federal [[Diet (assembly)|Diet]] met at [[Frankfurt]] under Austrian [[presidency]] (in fact the Habsburg Emperor was represented by an Austrian 'presidential envoy').
==Domestic policy==
The events of the French Revolution impressed themselves deeply into the mind of Francis, and he came to distrust 'radicalism' in any form. In 1794, a '[[Jacobin]]' conspiracy was discovered in the Austrian and Hungarian armies.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 239}}</ref> The leaders were put on trial, but the verdicts only skirted the perimeter of the conspiracy. Francis's brother [[Archduke Alexander Leopold of Austria|Alexander Leopold]] (at that time [[Palatine of Hungary]]) wrote to the Emperor admitting "Although we have caught a lot of the culprits, we have not really got to the bottom of this business yet." Nonetheless, two officers heavily implicated in the conspiracy were [[hanging|hanged]] and [[gibbet]]ed, while many others were sentenced to imprisonment (where many died in the conditions).<ref name=wheatcroft240>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 240}}</ref>
Francis was by nature suspicious,<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 251}}</ref> and set up an extensive network of police spies and censors to monitor dissent<ref name=wheatcroft240/> (in this he was following his father's lead, as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany had the most effective secret police in Europe).<ref name=wheatcroft234/> Even his family did not escape attention. His brothers, the Archdukes [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen|Charles]] and [[Archduke Johann of Austria|Johann]] had their meetings and activities spied upon.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 248}}</ref> Censorship was also prevalent. The author [[Franz Grillparzer]], a Habsburg patriot, had one play suppressed solely as a 'precautionary' measure. When Grillparzer met the censor responsible, he asked him what was objectionable about the work. The censor replied "Oh, nothing at all. But I thought to myself 'One can never tell'."<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 241}}</ref>
Francis presented himself as an open and approachable monarch (he regularly set aside two mornings each week to meet his imperial subjects, regardless of status, by appointment in his office, even speaking to them in their own language),<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 245}}</ref> but his will was sovereign. In 1804, he had no compunction about announcing that through his authority as Holy Roman Emperor, he declared he was now Emperor of Austria (at the time a geographical term that had little resonance). Two years later, Francis personally wound up the moribund Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Both actions were of dubious constitutional legality.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 246}}</ref>
==Later years==
Francis was a devoted family man, and a main point in the political testament he left for his son and heir [[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand]] was "Preserve unity in the family and regard it as one of the highest goods". In many portraits (particularly those painted by [[Peter Fendi]]) he was portrayed as the patriarch of a loving family, surrounded by his children and grandchildren.<ref name=wheatcroft254>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 254}}</ref>
On [[March 2]] [[1835]], 43 years and a day after his father's death, Francis died in Vienna of a sudden fever aged 67, in the presence of many of his family and with all the religious comforts.<ref name=wheatcroft254/> His funeral was magnificent, with his Viennese subjects respectfully filing past his coffin in [[St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna|St. Stephen's Cathedral]] for three days.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft|title=The Habsburgs |accessdate=2007-05-07|pages=p. 255}}</ref> Francis was interred in the traditional resting place of Habsburg monarchs, the [[Imperial Crypt, Vienna|Kapuziner Imperial Crypt]] in Vienna's Neue Markt Square. He is buried in tomb number 57, surrounded by his four wives.
After 1806 he used the titles: "We, Francis the First, [[by the grace of God]] Emperor of Austria; [[Kings of Jerusalem|King of Jerusalem]], [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]], [[Kingdom of Dalmatia|Dalmatia]], [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Croatia]], [[Kingdom of Slavonia|Slavonia]], [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galicia and Lodomeria]]; Archduke of [[Archduchy of Austria|Austria]]; Duke of [[Lorraine (province)|Lorraine]], [[Grand Duchy of Salzburg|Salzburg]], [[Würzburg]], [[Franconia]], [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]], [[Duchy of Carinthia|Carinthia]] and [[Carniola]]; [[Grand Duke of Cracow]]; Grand Prince of [[Grand Principality of Transylvania|Transylvania]]; Margrave of [[Margraviate of Moravia|Moravia]]; Duke of [[Sandomir]], [[Duchy of Masovia|Masovia]], [[Lublin]], [[Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia|Upper and Lower Silesia]], [[Duke of Auschwitz|Auschwitz]] and [[Duke of Zator|Zator]], [[Duke of Teschen|Teschen]] and [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Friule]]; Prince of [[Berchtesgaden]] and [[Mergentheim]]; Princely Count of Habsburg, [[Gorizia]] and [[Gradisca d'Isonzo|Gradisca]] and of the [[Tyrol]]; and Margrave of Upper and Lower [[Lusatia]] and in [[Istria]]".
== Gallery ==
<center><gallery>
Image:Ludwig_Streitenfeld_001.jpg|<center>Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Image:Josef_Kreutzinger_-_Kaiserliche_Familie.jpg|<center>Emperor Francis II and his family, by [[Josef Kreutzinger]]
Image:Maria_Theresa_of_Neapel-Sizilien.gif|<center>[[Maria Theresa of the Two Sicilies|Maria Theresa]], Francis's second wife and the mother of his children
</gallery>
</center>
{{Coin image box 1 double
| header = Silver [[Thaler]] of Francis I, struck 1821
| image = Image:Francis I Emperor Of Austria.jpg
| caption_left = <SMALL>By the time the coin was minted, Francis had abdicated the title of "Holy Roman Emperor," and his title had changed to Francis I of Austria. Obverse: (Latin) ''FRANCISCVS I, D[EI] G[RATIA] AVSTRIAE IMPERATOR,'' or in English, "Francis I, by the Grace of God, Emperor of Austria"</SMALL>
| caption_right = <SMALL>Reverse: (Latin) ''HVN[GARIAE] BOH[EMIAE] LOMB[ARDIAE] ET VEN[ETIARUM] GAL[ICIAE] LOD[OMERIA] IL[LYRIAE] REX A[RCHIDUX] A[VUSTRIAE] 1821'', or in English, "King of Hungary, Bohemia, Lombardy-Venetia, Galicia, Lodomeria, and Illyria, Archduke of Austria 1821."</SMALL>
| width = 250
| position = center
| margin = 0
}}
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel top|width=100%}}
{{ahnentafel-compact5
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|1= 1. '''Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor'''</br><small>Francis I of Austria</small>
|2= 2. [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|3= 3. [[Maria Louisa of Spain (1745-1792)|Maria Louisa of Spain]]
|4= 4. [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|5= 5. [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa of Austria</br>Queen of Hungary & Bohemia]]
|6= 6. [[Charles III of Spain]]
|7= 7. [[Maria Amalia of Saxony]]
|8= 8. [[Leopold, Duke of Lorraine]]
|9= 9. [[Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans|Princess Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans]]
|10= 10. [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|11= 11. [[Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
|12= 12. [[Philip V of Spain]]
|13= 13. [[Elisabeth of Parma]]
|14= 14. [[Augustus III of Poland]]</br>Elector of Saxony
|15= 15. [[Maria Josepha of Austria]]
|16= 16. [[Charles V, Duke of Lorraine]]
|17= 17. [[Eleonora Maria Josefa of Austria]]</br>Queen Dowager of Poland-Lithuania
|18= 18. [[Philippe I, Duke of Orléans]]
|19= 19. [[Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine|Countess Palatine Elizabeth Charlotte of Simmern]]
|20= 20. [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|21= 21. [[Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg]]
|22= 22. [[Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
|23= 23. [[Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen]]
|24= 24. [[Louis, Dauphin of France (1661-1711)|Louis, Dauphin of France]]
|25= 25. [[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1660-1690)|Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria]]
|26= 26. [[Odoardo II Farnese|Edward II Farnese, Duke of Parma]]
|27= 27. [[Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg|Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg]]
|28= 28. [[Augustus II of Poland]]</br>Elector of Saxony
|29= 29. [[Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth]]
|30= 30. [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|31= 31. [[Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick|Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Calenberg]]
}}</center>
{{ahnentafel bottom}}
== Marriages ==
Francis II married four times:
# On [[January 6]], [[1788]], to [[Elisabeth of Württemberg]] ([[April 21]], [[1767]] – [[February 18]], [[1790]]), who died bearing a short-lived daughter, [[Ludovika Elisabeth of Austria]] (1790–1791)
# On [[September 15]], [[1790]], to his first cousin [[Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies]] ([[June 6]], [[1772]] – [[April 13]], [[1807]]), daughter of King [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]] and his double first cousin (both were grandchildren of Empress [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]] and shared all of their other grandparents in common), with whom he had twelve children, but only seven reached adulthood:
== Children ==
From his first wife [[Elisabeth of Württemberg]], one daughter, and his second wife [[Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies]], eight daughters and four sons :
{| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|- bgcolor=cccccc
!Name!!Birth!!Death!!Notes
|-
| [[Archduchess Ludovika Elisabeth of Austria]] || [[February 18]] [[1790]] || [[June 24]] [[1791]] || died in childhood, no issue
|-
| [[Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria|Archduchess Marie-Louise]]|| [[December 12]] [[1791]] || [[December 17]] [[1847]] || married first [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]], had issue, married second Adam, Count of Neippberg, had issue, married third to Charles, Count of Bombelles, no issue
|-
| [[Ferdinand I of Austria|Archduke Ferdinand I]]|| [[April 19]] [[1793]] || [[June 29]] [[1875]] || married Maria Anna, Princess of Sardinia, no issue
|-
| [[Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria|Archduchess Marie Caroline]] || [[June 8]] [[1794]] || [[March 16]] [[1795]] || died in childhood, no issue
|-
| [[Archduchess Caroline Ludovika of Austria|Archduchess Caroline Ludovika]] || [[December 22]] [[1795]] || [[June 30]] [[1797]] || died in childhood, no issue
|-
| [[Maria Leopoldina of Austria|Archduchess Maria Leopoldina]]|| [[January 22]] [[1797]] || [[December 11]] [[1826]] || married [[Pedro I of Brazil]], had issue
|-
| [[Archduchess Marie Clementine of Austria|Archduchess Maria Clementina]] || [[March 1]] [[1798]] || [[September 3]] [[1881]] || married her maternal uncle Prince Leopoldo of the Two Sicilies, had issue
|-
| Archduke Joseph Franz Leopold || [[April 9]] [[1799]] || [[June 30]] [[1807]] || died some weeks after his mother in childhood, no issue
|-
| [[Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony|Archduchess Maria Caroline of Austria]] || [[April 8]] [[1801]] || [[May 22]] [[1832]] || married Crown Prince (later King) [[Frederick Augustus II of Saxony]], no issue
|-
| [[Franz Karl of Austria|Archduke Franz Karl]] || [[December 17]] [[1802]] || [[March 8]] [[1878]] || married [[Princess Sophie of Bavaria]], had issue
|-
| Archduchess Maria Anna Senvak of Austria and Galicia || [[June 8]] [[1804]] || [[December 28]] [[1858]] || married ''sine volenti'' a Galician courtier and tutor Iohann Drojeuske, issue unknown
|-
| [[Archduke Johann Nepomuk of Austria|Archduke Johann Nepomuk]] || [[August 30]] [[1805]] || [[February 19]] [[1809]] || died in childhood, no issue
|-
| [[Archduchess Amalie Theresa of Austria|Archduchess Amalie Theresa]] || [[April 6]] [[1807]] || [[April 9]] [[1807]] || died in childhood, no issue
|}
# On [[January 6]], [[1808]], he married again to another first cousin, [[Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este]] ([[December 14]], [[1787]] – [[April 7]], [[1816]]) with no issue. She was the daughter of [[Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este]] and Maria Beatrice d'[[Este]], Princess of [[Modena]].
# On [[October 29]], [[1816]], to [[Caroline Augusta of Bavaria|Karoline Charlotte Auguste of Bavaria]] ([[February 8]], [[1792]] – [[February 9]], [[1873]]) with no issue. She was daughter of [[Maximilian I of Bavaria]] and had been previously married to [[William I of Württemberg]].
==See also==
*[[German monarchs family tree]]
==References==
===Books===
*[[Antonia Fraser|Fraser, Antonia]] - ''[[Marie Antoinette: The Journey]]'' : Phoenix 2002, ISBN 0-75381-305-X
*Wheatcroft, Andrew - ''The Habsburgs : Embodying Empire'' : Penguin 1996, ISBN 0-14-023634-1
* Richard Reifenscheid, Die Habsburger in Lebensbildern, Piper 2006
===Notes===
{{reflist|2}}
== External links ==
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{{Wikisourcelang|de|Franz II. (HRR)|Emperor Franz I. of Austria}}
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{{Holy Roman Emperors}}
{{German monarchs}}
{{German Confederations 1806-1871}}
{{Persondata
|NAME=Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Francis I of Austria
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Deceased Monarch
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[February 12]], [[1768]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Florence]], [[Tuscany]], [[Italy]]
|DATE OF DEATH=[[March 2]], [[1830]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Vienna]], [[Austria]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor}}
[[Category:1768 births]]
[[Category:1835 deaths]]
[[Category:House of Habsburg-Lorraine]]
[[Category:Holy Roman Emperors]]
[[Category:German kings]]
[[Category:Emperors of Austria]]
[[Category:Hungarian monarchs]]
[[Category:Kings of Croatia]]
[[Category:Bohemian monarchs]]
[[Category:Dukes of Milan]]
[[Category:Dukes of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Kings of Italy]]
[[Category:Counts of Flanders]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Florence]]
[[ar:فرانسيس الثاني]]
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[[th:สมเด็จพระจักรพรรดิฟรานซ์ที่ 2 แห่งโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์]]
[[uk:Франц ІІ (імператор Священної Римської імперії)]]
[[zh:弗朗茨二世 (神圣罗马帝国)]]