Frederick Gowland Hopkins 675837 222304417 2008-06-28T16:49:01Z Flaming Ferrari 2156347 {{Infobox_Scientist | name = Sir Frederick Hopkins | image = Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1861|6|20|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Eastbourne]], [[Sussex]], [[England]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1947|5|16|1861|6|20}} | death_place = [[Cambridge]], [[England]] | nationality = [[United Kingdom]] | field = [[Biochemistry]] | work_institution = [[University of Cambridge]] | alma_mate r = [[University of London]]</br>[[Guy's Hospital]] | doctoral_advisor = [[Thomas Stevenson (toxicologist)|Thomas Stevenson]] | doctoral_students = [[J.B.S. Haldane]]</br>[[Judah Hirsch Quastel]]</br>[[Malcolm Dixon]] | known_for = [[vitamins|Discovery of vitamins]], [[tryptophan]] | prizes = [[Image:Nobel prize medal.svg|20px]] [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] (1929) | religion = [[Agnostic]] [http://traumwerk.stanford.edu:3455/ChristineFinn/59] }} '''Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins ''' [[Order of Merit|OM]] [[Royal Society|FRS]] ([[June 20]], [[1861]] [[Eastbourne]], [[Sussex]] - [[May 16]], [[1947]] [[Cambridge]]) was an [[England|English]] [[biochemist]] who was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1929, with [[Christiaan Eijkman]], for the discovery of [[vitamin]]s. He also discovered the amino acid [[tryptophan]], in 1901. ==Biography== Hopkins was educated at the [[City of London School]] completing his further study with the [[University of London External Programme]] and the medical school at [[Guy's Hospital]] ([[King's College London]]).<ref name="Hopkins Obit">Joseph Needham, "Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, O.M., F.R.S. (1861-1947)," ''Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London'', Vol. 17, No. 2. (Dec., 1962), pp. 117-162[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0035-9149%28196212%2917%3A2%3C117%3ASFGHOF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G]</ref> He then taught physiology and toxicology at [[Guy's Hospital]] from 1894 to 1898, and became Professor of Biochemistry at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] in 1914, where his students included neurochemistry pioneer [[Judah Hirsch Quastel]]. He was awarded the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Christiaan Eijkman) for his discovery that certain trace substances -- now known as ''[[vitamin]]s'' -- are essential for the maintenance of good health. He also discovered that [[muscle]] contraction can lead to the accumulation of [[lactic acid]]. Hopkins was [[knighted]] in 1925. He is the father of the archaeologist [[Jacquetta Hawkes]] (and hence the father-in-law of the writer [[J. B. Priestley]]) and also the cousin of [[Gerald Manley Hopkins]]. Although he had no formal doctoral advisor, his equivalent mentor was [[Thomas Stevenson (toxicologist)|Thomas Stevenson]]. ==Timeline== * June 30, 1861: Born in Eastbourne, Sussex, England. * 1890: Gains B.Sc. degree from [[University of London]]. * 1894: Medical degree from [[Guy's Hospital]], London. * 1898: Married to Jessie Anne Stevens. * 1898-1910: Lecturer in [[Chemical Physiology]], Cambridge University. * 1905: Elected Fellow of the [[Royal Society]] (Britain's most prestigious scientific organization). * 1910: Appointed Fellow and Praelector in Biochemistry, [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]. * 1912: Publishes "Feeding Experiments Illustrating the Importance of Accessory Food Factors in Normal Dietaries", demonstrating the need for vitamins in diet. * 1914-1943: First ever Professor of Biochemistry at Cambridge University. * 1918: Awarded Royal Medal of the Royal Society. * 1925: Knighted by King George V. * 1926: Awarded Copley Medal of the Royal Society. * 1929: Wins Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology. * 1930-1935: President of the Royal Society. * 1933: President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. * 1935: Awarded the [[Order of Merit]] (Britain's most exclusive civilian honor). * May 16, 1947: Dies in Cambridge, England. ==Notes== <references/> ==References== *{{Citation |pmid = 9175480 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9175480 |last=Kamminga |first=H |publication-date=1997 May |year=1997 |title=Frederick Gowland Hopkins and the unification of biochemistry. |volume=22 |issue=5 |periodical=Trends Biochem. Sci. |pages=184-7 }} *{{Citation |pmid = 8757715 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8757715 |last=Kamminga |first=H |last2=Weatherall |first2=M W |publication-date=1996 Jul |year=1996 |title=The making of a biochemist. I: Frederick Gowland Hopkins' construction of dynamic biochemistry. |volume=40 |issue=3 |periodical=Medical history |pages=269-92 }} *{{Citation |pmid = 8952288 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8952288 |last=Kamminga |first=H |last2=Weatherall |first2=M W |publication-date=1996 Oct |year=1996 |title=The making of a biochemist. II: The construction of Frederick Gowland Hopkins' reputation. |volume=40 |issue=4 |periodical=Medical history |pages=415-36 }} *{{Citation |pmid = 387659 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/387659 |last=Kohler |first=R E |publication-date=1978 Sep |year=1978 |title=Walter Fletcher, F. G. Hopkins, and the Dunn Institute of Biochemistry: a case study in the patronage of science. |volume=69 |issue=248 |periodical=Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences |pages=331-55 }} *{{Citation |pmid = 14036922 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14036922 |last=Kretovich |first=V L |publication-date= |year= |title=Frederick Gowland HOPKINS (100th anniversary of his birth (1861-1947) |volume=26 |issue= |periodical=Biokhimiia |pages=1118-21 }} *{{Citation |pmid = 3076280 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3076280 |last=Meister |first=A |publication-date=1988 May |year=1988 |title=On the discovery of glutathione. |volume=13 |issue=5 |periodical=Trends Biochem. Sci. |pages=185-8 }} *{{Citation |pmid = 13937875 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13937875 |last=Needham |first=J |publication-date=1962 |year=1962 |title=Frederick Gowland HOPKINS. |volume=6 |issue= |periodical=Perspect. Biol. Med. |pages=2-46 }} *{{Citation |pmid = 13628523 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13628523 |last=Peters |first=R A |publication-date=1959 Jan |year=1959 |title=The faith of a master in biochemistry; the first Hopkins Memorial Lecture. |volume=71 |issue=1 |periodical=Biochem. J. |pages=1-9 }} *{{Citation |pmid = 14111067 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14111067 |last=Randone |first=M |publication-date= |year= |title=HOPKINS AND THE SCIENCE OF NUTRITION. (HISTORY OF VITAMINS) |volume=18 |issue= |periodical=Minerva dietologica |pages=179-94 }} *{{Citation |pmid = 12055201 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12055201 |last=Simoni |first=Robert D |last2=Hill |first2=Robert L |last3=Vaughan |first3=Martha |publication-date=2002 Jun 14 |year=2002 |title=On glutathione. II. A thermostable oxidation-reduction system (Hopkins, F. G., and Dixon, M. (1922) J. Biol. Chem. 54, 527-563). |volume=277 |issue=24 |periodical=J. Biol. Chem. |pages=e13 }} *{{Citation |pmid = 4877573 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4877573 |last=Sulek |first=K |publication-date=1968 Jan 15 |year=1968 |title=Nobel prize in 1929 for Christian Eikman for discovery of the antineuritic vitamin and for Frederic G. Hopkins for discovery of the growth vitamin |volume=21 |issue=2 |periodical=Wiad. Lek. |pages=160-1 }} *Thomas, N.J.T. 1998. [http://www.imagery-imagination.com/hopkins.htm The Life and Scientific Work of Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins] *{{Citation |pmid = 1089213 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1089213 |publication-date=1975 Jan |year=1975 |title=Nutrition classics from The Journal of Physiology 35:88-102, 1906-1907. The importance of individual amino-acids in metabolism. Observations on the effect of adding tryptophane to a dietary in which zein is the sole nitrogenous constituent. |last=Willcock |first=Edith G. |last2=Hopkins |first2=F. Gowland |volume=33 |issue=1 |periodical=Nutr. Rev. |pages=15-7 }} *{{Citation |pmid = 17062455 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17062455 |last=Zetterström |first=Rolf |publication-date=2006 Nov |year=[[2006]] |title=C. Eijkman (1858-1930) and Sir F.G. Hopkins (1861-1947): the dawn of vitamins and other essential nutritional growth factors. |volume=95 |issue=11 |periodical=Acta Paediatr. |pages=cover, 1331-3 |doi = 10.1080/08035250600960036 }} *{{Citation |pmid = 4907059 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4907059 |publication-date=1970 Mar 30 |last=(unknown author(s)) |year=1970 |title=Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861-1947). |volume=211 |issue=13 |periodical=[[Journal of the American Medical Association|JAMA]] |pages=2151-2 }} ==External links== *[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1929/hopkins-bio.html Nobel Prize biography] *[http://www.imagery-imagination.com/hopkins.htm Biography by N.J.T. Thomas] *[http://www.scs.uiuc.edu/~mainzv/Web_Genealogy/h-list.htm Chemical genealogy] {{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1926-1950}} {{Royal Society presidents 1900s}} {{Persondata |NAME= Hopkins, Frederick |ALTERNATIVE NAMES= |SHORT DESCRIPTION= [[England|English]] [[Biochemist]] |DATE OF BIRTH= [[June 20]], [[1861]] |PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Eastbourne]], [[Sussex]], [[England]] |DATE OF DEATH= [[May 16]], [[1947]] |PLACE OF DEATH= [[Cambridge]], [[England]] }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hopkins, Frederick}} [[Category:1861 births]] [[Category:1947 deaths]] [[Category:Academics of King's College London]] [[Category:Alumni of King's College London]] [[Category:Alumni of the University of London External System]] [[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]] [[Category:English agnostics]] [[Category:English biochemists]] [[Category:Knights Bachelor]] [[Category:Members of the Order of Merit]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]] [[Category:Old Citizens (City of London School)]] [[Category:People from Eastbourne]] [[Category:Presidents of the Royal Society]] [[Category:Recipients of the Copley Medal]] [[ar:فريدريك هوبكنس]] [[ca:Frederick Gowland Hopkins]] [[cs:Frederick Hopkins]] [[de:Frederick Gowland Hopkins]] [[es:Frederick Gowland Hopkins]] [[fr:Frederick Gowland Hopkins]] [[hr:Frederick Gowland Hopkins]] [[id:Frederick Gowland Hopkins]] [[it:Frederick Gowland Hopkins]] [[sw:Frederick Hopkins]] [[nl:Frederick Gowland Hopkins]] [[ja:フレデリック・ホプキンズ]] [[pl:Frederick Hopkins]] [[pt:Frederick Gowland Hopkins]] [[ru:Хопкинс, Фредерик Гоуленд]] [[sv:Frederick Hopkins]] [[uk:Фредерик Ґоуленд Гопкінс]] [[zh:弗雷德里克·霍普金斯]]