Freising manuscripts
64729
212907595
2008-05-16T20:32:02Z
Aborigine80
7120827
The '''Freising Manuscripts''' (also ''Freising Folia'', ''Freising Fragments'', or ''Freising Monuments''; [[Slovene language|Slovene]] '''Brižinski spomeniki''', [[German language|German]] ''Freisinger Denkmäler'', [[Latin]] ''Monumenta Frisingensia'', [[Slovak language|Slovak]] ''Frizinské pamiatky'') are the first [[Latin alphabet|Roman-script]] continuous text in a [[Slavic languages|Slavic language]] and the oldest document in [[Slovene language|Slovene]].
[[Image:Freising manuscript.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A page from Freising Manuscripts]]
The monuments consisting of three texts in the oldest [[Slovene dialects|Slovene dialect]] were discovered bound into a Latin [[codex]] (manuscript book) in [[Freising]] (Slovene ''Brižinje'', ''Brižine'' or ''Brižinj''), [[Germany]]. In 1803 the manuscript came to the [[Bavarian State Library]] in [[Munich]] and the Freising Manuscripts were discovered there in 1807.
Four [[parchment]] leaves and a further quarter of a page have been preserved. Linguistic, stylistic and contextual analyses reveal that these are church texts of careful composition and literary form.
The precise date of the origin of the Freising Manuscripts cannot be exactly determined; the original text was probably written in the [[9th century]]. In this [[liturgy|liturgic]] and [[homily|homiletic]] manuscript, three Slovene records were found and this miscellany was probably an episcopal manual (pontificals). The Freising Manuscripts in it were created between 972 and 1093, most likely before 1000. The main support for this dating is the writing, which was used in the centuries after [[Charlemagne]] and is named [[Carolingian minuscule]].
In the 8th century the early medieval [[Slovenes|Slovene]] state of [[Carantania]] joined the union with [[Bavaria]] and during the time of the writing of the two manuscripts (sermons on sin and repentance, a confessional form), [[Bishop Abraham]] was active (from [[957]] to [[994]]) in Freising and also acquired a large estate of land in the Creina province around [[Škofja Loka]] (now central [[Slovenia]]) and in [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]] around Lake Wörth (Germ. [[Wörthersee]]).
It is believed that the manuscripts were written in the [[Möll River]] Valley in [[Carinthia (duchy)|Carinthia]]. For this reason some linguists (e.g. [[Jernej Kopitar]] and [[Rajko Nahtigal]]) linked Abraham closely to the origin of the Freising Manuscripts and, without any firm evidence, attributed to him the authorship of one of the texts and suspected that he was of Slovene origin. The texts were translated into Slovene in 1854 by the Slovene Slavist and grammarian [[Anton Janežič]] at Brizno, Brižnik [http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/freising-manuscripts/].
The manuscripts are still kept at the Bavarian State Library in Munich and have left it only twice. In the 1970s they were exhibited in [[Vatican City]] and in May and June 2004 they were exhibited at the [[National and University Library of Slovenia|National and University Library]] in [[Ljubljana]] (a [http://www.nuk.uni-lj.si/dogodki/brizinski/brizinski.html notice] in [[Slovenian language|Slovene]]).
Before the Second World War a [[facsimile]] of the Freising Manuscripts was published by [[Silvester Škerl]] at [[Akademska založba]] in Ljubljana.
==References==
* [http://nl.ijs.si/e-zrc/bs/index-en.html ''Brižinski spomeniki - Monumenta Frisingensia. Elektronska znanstvenokritična izdaja''], ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana 2007 (includes facsimiles, several transcriptions, audio recordings, parallel views, translations, English and German summary, glossary, bibliography, etc.)
* ''Brižinski spomeniki - Monumenta Frisingensia'' (Znanstvenokritična izdaja), ZRC SAZU, Inštitut za slovensko literaturo in literarne vede 2004
* A. V. Isačenko, ''Jazyk a pôvod frizinských pamiatok'' (The language and origin of the Freising manuscripts), Bratislava 1943
* http://kodeks.uni-bamberg.de/AltSloven/Quellen/ASL.Freising.htm
==See also==
* [[Primary Chronicle]]
Other important early medieval texts in the Slovene language are:
* [[Stična Manuscript]] (Stiški rokopis)
* [[Klagenfurt Manuscript]] (Celovški rokopis)
* [[Cividale Manuscript]] (Čedadski rokopis)
* [[Castelmonte Manuscript]] (Starogorski rokopis)
==External links==
* [http://nl.ijs.si/e-zrc/bs/index-en.html Freising Manuscripts (Brižinski spomeniki) - Scholarly Digital Editions of Slovenian Literature]
* [http://www.uvi.si/eng/slovenia/background-information/freising-manuscripts/ The Freising Manuscripts (Brižinski spomeniki) - the Oldest Known Writings in Slovene] - Introduction at the Slovene government site. In English and Slovene. Accessed on 6 March 2006.
* [http://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/handschriften/index.html?sub=1 Digital Version of the original manuscript (Bavarian State Library)]
* [http://www.kortlandt.nl/editions/freis.html An electronic text edition] - F. Kortlandt, ''The Freising Manuscripts''. Accessed on 6 March 2006.
[[Category:Earliest known manuscripts by language]]
[[Category:Slovenian literature]]
[[bg:Брижински паметници]]
[[de:Freisinger Denkmäler]]
[[es:Manuscritos Freising]]
[[is:Freising-handritin]]
[[pl:Zabytki fryzyńskie]]
[[sl:Brižinski spomeniki]]
[[uk:Фрейзінгенські уривки]]