Friar 312753 223932737 2008-07-06T16:07:30Z Zorrobot 7218328 robot Adding: [[no:Lekbror]] :''This article is about members of religious orders. For the surname, see [[Fryer (surname)]].'' {{Redirect|Fra|other meanings of "FRA"|FRA}} A [[friar]] is a member of one of the [[mendicant orders]]. ==Friars and monks== Friars differ from [[monk]]s in that they are called to a life of poverty in service to a community, rather than [[cloister|cloistered]] [[asceticism]] and devotion. Whereas monks live cloistered away from the world in a self-sufficient community, friars are supported by donations or other charitable support.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06280b.htm Catholic encyclopedia entry for "friar"]</ref> ==Name== The name ''Friar'' is a corruption of the [[French language|French]] word ''frère'' ("brother" in English), and dates from the 13th century. The French word ''frère'' in turn comes from the [[Latin language|Latin]] word ''frater'', which also means "brother". [[St. Francis of Assisi]] called his followers ''fratres minores'', which [[G. K. Chesterton]] translated as "little brothers". However, another interpretation of ''fratres minores'' is "lesser brothers", because the [[Franciscan]] order stressed minority or humility. ==Orders== There are two classes of orders known as friars, or mendicant orders: the four "great orders" and the so-called "lesser orders". ===Four great orders=== The four great orders were mentioned by the [[Second Council of Lyons]] (1274), and are: * The '''[[Dominican Order|Dominicans]]''', founded ca. 1215. The Dominicans are also known as the "Friar Preachers", or the "Black Friars", from the black mantle ("cappa") worn over their white habit. The Dominicans were founded by [[St. Dominic]] and received papal approval from [[Honorius III]], in 1216 as the "Ordo Praedicatorum" under the [[Rule of St. Augustine]]. They became a [[mendicant]] order in 1221. * The '''[[Franciscan]]s''', founded in 1209. The Franciscans are also known as the "Friars Minor" or the "Grey Friars". The Franciscans were founded by [[St. Francis of Assisi]] and received oral papal approval by [[Innocent III]] in 1209 and formal papal confirmation by [[Honorius III]] in 1223. * The '''[[Carmelites]]''', founded ca. 1155.<ref>The Carmelite order was founded around 1155 according to many modern historians, but this [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03354a.htm date is often disputed], and has been disputed since at least the 14th century.</ref> The Carmelites are also known as the "White Friars" because of the white cloak which covers their brown habit. They received papal approval from [[Honorius III]] in 1226 and later by [[Innocent IV]] in 1247. The Carmelites were founded as a purely contemplative order, but became mendicants in 1245. There are two types of Carmelites, the Calced and Discalced Carmelites. * The '''[[Augustinians]]''', founded in 1255. The Augustinians are also known as the "Hermits of St. Augustine", or the "Austin Friars". Their rule is based on the writings of [[Augustine of Hippo]]. The Augustinians were assembled from various groups of hermits as a mendicant order by [[Pope Alexander IV|Alexander IV]], from whom they obtained papal approval in 1255. ===Lesser orders=== The lesser orders are: * the [[Minim (religious order)|Minims]], established in 1474 * the [[Conventual Franciscans]],<ref>The Conventual Franciscans are a branch of the Franciscan Order</ref> established in 1517 * the [[Third Order Regular of St. Francis]],<ref>The Third Order Regular of St. Francis are a branch of the [[third order]] of St. Francis, part of the Franciscan Order.</ref> established in 1521 * the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]],<ref>The Capuchin are a branch of the Franciscan Order.</ref> established in 1525 * the [[Discalced Carmelites]],<ref>The Discalced Carmelites are a branch of the [[Carmelites]].</ref> established in 1568 * the [[Trinitarian Order|Discalced Trinitarians]], established in 1599 * the [[Order of Penance]],<ref>The Order of Penance is known in Italy as the ''Scalzetti''.</ref> established in 1781 ==Other name use== Friars have been used as a [[mascot]]. Schools using Friars as a mascot include [[Bishop Lynch High School]] in [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]], [[Texas]], [[Fenwick High School (Chicago, Illinois)|Fenwick High School]] in [[Oak Park, Illinois|Oak Park]], [[Illinois]], [[Providence College]] in [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], [[Rhode Island]], [[St. Anthony's High School (New York)|St. Anthony's High School]] in [[Long Island]], [[New York]], [[Malvern Preparatory School]] in [[Malvern, Pennsylvania|Malvern]], [[Pennsylvania]], and [[Monsignor Bonner High School]] in [[Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania|Drexel Hill]], Pa. ==Notes== {{reflist}} [[Category:Religious occupations]] [[Category:Roman Catholic Church history]] [[ca:Frare]] [[de:Ordensbruder]] [[es:Fraile]] [[id:Bruder]] [[it:Frate (religione)]] [[nl:Frater (religieus)]] [[no:Lekbror]] [[pt:Frade]]