Functional genomics
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2008-07-08T23:56:55Z
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[[Image:DNA microarray.jpg|thumb|100px|A [[DNA microarray]]]]
'''Functional genomics''' is a field of [[molecular biology]] that attempts to make use of the vast wealth of data produced by genomic projects (such as [[genome project|genome sequencing projects]]) to describe [[gene]] (and [[protein]]) functions and interactions. Unlike [[genomics]] and [[proteomics]], functional genomics focuses on the dynamic aspects such as gene [[transcription (genetics)|transcription]], translation, and protein-protein interactions, as opposed to the static aspects of the genomic information such as [[DNA sequence]] or structures.
===Fields of application===
Functional genomics includes function-related aspects of the genome itself such as [[mutation]] and [[polymorphism (biology)|polymorphism]] (such as [[single nucleotide polymorphism|SNP]]) analysis, as well as measurement of molecular activities. The latter comprise a number of "-omics" such as [[transcriptomics]] ([[gene expression]]), [[proteomics]] ([[protein expression]]), [[phosphoproteomics]] (a subset of proteomics) and [[metabolomics]]. Together these measurement modalities quantifies the various biological processes and powers the understanding of gene and protein functions and interactions.
===Frequently used techniques===
Functional genomics uses mostly high-throughput techniques to characterize the abundance gene products such as [[mRNA]] and [[protein]]s. Some typical technology platforms are:
* [[DNA microarray]]s and [[Serial analysis of gene expression|SAGE]] for mRNA
* [[two-dimensional gel electrophoresis]] and [[mass spectrometry]] for protein
Because of the large quantity of data produced by these techniques and the desire to find biologically meaningful patterns, [[bioinformatics]] is crucial to this type of analysis. Examples of techniques in this class are [[data clustering]] or [[principal component analysis]] for unsupervised [[machine learning]] (class detection) as well as [[artificial neural network]]s or [[support vector machine]]s for supervised machine learning (class prediction, [[Statistical classification|classification]]).
==See also==
*[[Systems biology]]
*[[Structural genomics]]
*[[Comparative genomics]]
*[[Pharmacogenomics]]
==External links==
*[http://www.functionalgenomics.org.uk European Science Foundation Programme on Frontiers of Functional Genomics]
*[http://www.mugen-noe.org/ MUGEN NoE] — Integrated Functional Genomics in Mutant Mouse Models
{{genomics-footer}}
[[Category:Molecular biology]]
[[Category:Genomics]]
[[es:Genómica funcional]]
[[ko:기능유전체학]]
[[no:Funksjonell genomikk]]