Gabriele Falloppio
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{{Infobox Scientist
|name = Gabriele Falloppio
|box_width =
|image = Gabriele_Falloppio.jpg|thumb|frame|Gabriele Falloppio
|image_width =
|caption = Gabriele Falloppio
|birth_date = [[1523]]
|birth_place = [[Modena]]
|death_date = [[October 9]] [[1562]]
|death_place = [[Padua]]
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = {{flag|Italy|name=Italian}}
|ethnicity =
|field = [[anatomy]]<br/>[[medicine]]
|work_institutions = [[University of Pisa|Pisa]]<br/>[[University of Padua]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Ferrara|Ferrara]]
|doctoral_advisor = [[Antonio Musa Brassavola]]
|doctoral_students = [[Girolamo Fabrici]]<br/>[[Volcher Coiter]]
|known_for =
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
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|prizes =
|religion = [[Catholic]]
|footnotes =
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}}
'''Gabriele Falloppio''' ([[1523]] - [[October 9]], [[1562]]), often known by his [[Latin]] name '''Fallopius''', was one of the most important [[human anatomy|anatomists]] and [[physician]]s of the sixteenth century.
He was born at [[Modena]] and died at [[Padua]]. His family was noble but very poor and it was only by a hard struggle he succeeded in obtaining an education. Financial difficulties led him to join the [[clergy]], and in [[1542]], he became a [[Canon (priest)|canon]] at Modena's [[cathedral]]. He studied medicine at [[University of Ferrara|Ferrara]], at that time one of the best medical schools in Europe. He received his MD in [[1548]] under the guidance of [[Antonio Musa Brassavola]]. After taking his degree he worked at various medical schools and then became professor of anatomy at Ferrara, in [[1548]]. [[Girolamo Fabrici]] was one of his famous students. He was called the next year to [[University of Pisa|Pisa]], then the most important university in Italy. In [[1551]] Falloppio was invited by [[Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany]], to occupy the chair of anatomy and surgery at the [[University of Padua]]. He also held the professorship of [[botany]] and was superintendent of the botanical gardens. Though he died when less than forty, he had made his mark on anatomy for all time.
This was the golden age of anatomy and Falloppio's contemporaries included such great anatomists as [[Vesalius]], [[Bartolomeo Eustachi|Eustachius]], and [[Realdo Colombo]] (whom he succeeded at Padua). It has sometimes been asserted that he was jealous of certain of the great discoverers in anatomy and that this is the reason for his frequent criticisms and corrections of their work. However, [[Heinrich Haeser]], an authority in [[History of medicine|medical history]], declared that Falloppio was noted for his modesty and deference to his fellow workers and especially to Vesalius. His purpose in suggesting corrections, therefore, was the advance of the science of anatomy.
Falloppio's own work dealt mainly with the anatomy of the head. He added much to what was known before about the internal ear and described in detail the [[eardrum|tympanum]] and its relations to the [[osseous ring]] in which it is situated. He also described minutely the [[round window|circular]] and [[oval window]]s (fenestræ) and their communication with the [[vestibule of the ear|vestibule]] and [[cochlea]]. He was the first to point out the connection between the [[mastoid cells]] and the [[middle ear]]. His description of the [[lacrimal canaliculi|lachrymal passages]] in the [[eye]] was a marked advance on those of his predecessors and he also gave a detailed account of the [[ethmoid bone]] and its cells in the nose. His contributions to the anatomy of the [[bone]]s and [[muscle]]s were very valuable. It was in [[myology]] particularly that he corrected Vesalius. He studied the [[reproductive organ]]s in both sexes, and described the [[Fallopian tube]], which leads from the [[ovary]] to the [[uterus]] and now bears his name. The [[facial canal|aquæductus Fallopii]], the canal through which the [[facial nerve]] passes after leaving the [[auditory nerve]], is also named after him .
His contributions to practical medicine were also important. He was the first to use an aural [[speculum]] for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, and his writings on surgical subjects are still of interest. He published two treatises on [[ulcer]]s and [[tumor]]s, a treatise on surgery, and a commentary on [[Hippocrates]]'s book on wounds of the head. In his own time he was regarded as somewhat of an authority in the field of sexuality. His treatise on [[syphilis]] advocated the use of [[condom]]s, and he initiated what may have been the first [[clinical trial]] of the device. Falloppio was also interested in every form of therapeutics. He wrote a treatise on baths and thermal waters, another on simple [[Laxative|purgatives]], and a third on the composition of [[Medication|drugs]]. None of these works, except his ''Anatomy'' ([[Venice]], [[1561]]), were published during his lifetime. As we have them, they consist of manuscripts of his lectures and notes of his students. They were published by [[Volcher Coiter]] ([[Nuremberg]], [[1575]]).
== References ==
* {{catholic}}
== External links ==
* http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2288.html
{{DEFAULTSORT:Falloppio, Gabriele}}
[[Category:1523 births]]
[[Category:1562 deaths]]
[[Category:History of anatomy]]
[[Category:History of medicine]]
[[Category:Italian anatomists]]
[[Category:Italian physicians]]
[[Category:People from Modena]]
[[ca:Gabriele Falloppio]]
[[de:Gabriele Falloppio]]
[[el:Γκαμπριέλε Φαλόπιο]]
[[es:Gabriel Falopio]]
[[fr:Gabriele Falloppio]]
[[it:Gabriele Falloppia]]
[[ja:ガブリエレ・ファロッピオ]]
[[no:Gabriele Falloppio]]
[[pl:Gabrielle Falloppio]]
[[pt:Gabriele Falloppio]]
[[ro:Gabriele Falloppio]]
[[ru:Фаллопий, Габриэль]]
[[sv:Gabriele Falloppio]]