Gallbladder 197020 223000537 2008-07-02T03:10:11Z 69.245.160.39 {{Infobox Anatomy | Name = Gallbladder | Latin = vesica fellea | GraySubject = 250 | GrayPage = 1197 | Image = BauchOrgane wn.png | Caption = Gallbladder is #5 | Image2 = Illu pancrease.jpg | Caption2 = Diagram of Stomach | Precursor = [[Foregut]] | System = [[Digestive system]] (GI Tract) | Artery = [[Cystic artery]] | Vein = [[Cystic vein]] | Nerve = [[Celiac ganglia]], [[vagus]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Ginsburg, Ph.D. | first = J.N. | editor = Thomas M. Nosek, Ph.D. | title = Gastrointestinal Physiology | series = Essentials of Human Physiology | url = http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_30.htm | accessdate = 2007-06-29 | date = 2005-08-22 | publisher = [[Medical College of Georgia]] | location = Augusta, Georgia, United State | pages = [http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_30.htm p. 30] | chapter = Control of Gastrointestinal Function | chapterurl = http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section6/6ch2/6ch2line.htm }}</ref> | Lymph = | mesh name = Gallbladder | mesh number = A03.159.439 | DorlandsPre = g_01 | DorlandsSuf = 12383343 |}} The '''gallbladder''' (or '''cholecyst''', sometimes '''gall bladder''') is a small [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]] whose function in the body is to harbor [[bile]] and aid in the digestive process. ==Anatomy== * The [[cystic duct]] connects the gallbladder to the [[common hepatic duct]] to form the [[common bile duct]]. * The common bile duct then joins the [[pancreatic duct]], and enters through the [[ampulla of Vater|hepatopancreatic ampulla]] at the [[major duodenal papilla]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l38/140100.htm |title = Laboratory 38. Stomach, Spleen and Liver, Step 14. The Gallbladder and the Bile System |accessdate = 2007-06-29|date = 2003-11-17 |work = Human Anatomy (Laboratory Dissections) |publisher = [[SUNY Downstate Medical Center]], Brooklyn, NY }}</ref><ref> {{cite web |url = http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/imgs/00000/7000/700/7763.jpg |title = Abdominal dissection, gall bladder position emphasized |accessdate = 2007-06-29 |date = 2003-11-17 |format = JPG |work = Human Anatomy (Laboratory Dissections) |publisher = [[SUNY Downstate Medical Center]], Brooklyn, NY }}</ref> *The [[fundus of the gallbladder]] is the part farthest from the duct, located by the lower border of the [[liver]] <ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fundus+of+gallbladder medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com - fundus of gallbladder]</ref>. It is at the same level as the [[transpyloric plane]]. ==Microscopic anatomy== The different layers of the gallbladder are as follows: * The gallbladder has a [[Simple columnar epithelium|simple columnar]] [[epithelium|epithelial]] lining characterized by ''recesses'' called Aschoff's recesses, which are pouches inside the lining. * Under the epithelium there is a layer of [[connective tissue]] (''lamina propria''). * Beneath the connective tissue is a wall of [[smooth muscle]] (''muscularis externa'') that contracts in response to [[cholecystokinin]], a [[peptide]] [[hormone]] secreted by the [[duodenum]]. * There is essentially no [[submucosa]] separating the connective tissue from [[serosa]] and [[adventitia]]. ''Section References''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/epithel/epith05.htm |title = Slide 5: Gall Bladder|accessdate = 2007-06-29|work = JayDoc HistoWeb|publisher = [[University of Kansas]] }}</ref> ==Function== {{Unreferencedsection|date=June 2008}} The gallbladder stores about 50&nbsp;ml (1.7&nbsp;US [[fluid ounce]]s / 1.8 Imperial fluid ounces) of [[bile]], which is released when [[food]] containing fat enters the [[Gastrointestinal tract|digestive tract]], stimulating the [[secretion]] of [[cholecystokinin]] (CCK). The [[bile]], produced in the [[liver]], emulsifies fats and neutralizes acids in partly digested food. After being stored in the gallbladder the [[bile]] becomes more concentrated than when it left the [[liver]], increasing its potency and intensifying its effect on fats. Most digestion occurs in the [[duodenum]]. Vertebrates have gallbladders, but invertebrates don't. This is because vertebrates eat in [[Bolus (digestion)|boluses]] while invertebrates are constantly eating. To digest a large bolus of food requires a large amount of digestive secretions, hence the presence of a gallbladder. ==Diseases and disorders== *[[Cholecystitis]] *[[Gallbladder cancer]] *[[Strawberry gallbladder]] *[[Gallstone]] *[[Gallbladder polyp]] ==See also== {{wiktionary|gall bladder}} {{Commonscat|Gall bladder}} *[[Cholecystectomy]] *[[Strawberry gallbladder]] == External links == * {{Medline PlusImage|19261}} ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{Digestive glands}} ''' [[Category:Abdomen]] [[Category:Digestive system]] [[Category:Hepatology]] <!-- interwiki --> [[ar:مرارة]] [[cs:Žlučník]] [[cy:Coden fustl]] [[de:Gallenblase]] [[dv:ފިތް]] [[el:Χοληδόχος κύστη]] [[es:Vesícula biliar]] [[eu:Behazun xixku]] [[fr:Vésicule biliaire]] [[hr:Žuč]] [[id:Kantung empedu]] [[is:Gallblaðra]] [[it:Cistifellea]] [[he:כיס המרה]] [[jv:Kantung empedu]] [[la:Vesica biliaris]] [[lt:Tulžies pūslė]] [[hu:Epehólyag]] [[mt:Marrara]] [[ms:Pundi hempedu]] [[nl:Galblaas]] [[ja:胆嚢]] [[no:Galleblæren]] [[ps:تريخی]] [[pl:Pęcherzyk żółciowy]] [[pt:Vesícula biliar]] [[ru:Желчный пузырь]] [[simple:Gallbladder]] [[sk:Žlčník]] [[sl:Žolčnik]] [[su:Hampru]] [[fi:Sappirakko]] [[sv:Gallblåsa]] [[te:పిత్తాశయము]] [[th:ถุงน้ำดี]] [[tr:Safra kesesi]] [[zh:胆囊]]