Gallbladder
197020
223000537
2008-07-02T03:10:11Z
69.245.160.39
{{Infobox Anatomy
| Name = Gallbladder
| Latin = vesica fellea
| GraySubject = 250
| GrayPage = 1197
| Image = BauchOrgane wn.png
| Caption = Gallbladder is #5
| Image2 = Illu pancrease.jpg
| Caption2 = Diagram of Stomach
| Precursor = [[Foregut]]
| System = [[Digestive system]] (GI Tract)
| Artery = [[Cystic artery]]
| Vein = [[Cystic vein]]
| Nerve = [[Celiac ganglia]], [[vagus]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Ginsburg, Ph.D. | first = J.N. | editor = Thomas M. Nosek, Ph.D. | title = Gastrointestinal Physiology | series = Essentials of Human Physiology | url = http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_30.htm | accessdate = 2007-06-29 | date = 2005-08-22 | publisher = [[Medical College of Georgia]] | location = Augusta, Georgia, United State | pages = [http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_30.htm p. 30] | chapter = Control of Gastrointestinal Function | chapterurl = http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section6/6ch2/6ch2line.htm }}</ref>
| Lymph =
| mesh name = Gallbladder
| mesh number = A03.159.439
| DorlandsPre = g_01
| DorlandsSuf = 12383343
|}}
The '''gallbladder''' (or '''cholecyst''', sometimes '''gall bladder''') is a small [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]] whose function in the body is to harbor [[bile]] and aid in the digestive process.
==Anatomy==
* The [[cystic duct]] connects the gallbladder to the [[common hepatic duct]] to form the [[common bile duct]].
* The common bile duct then joins the [[pancreatic duct]], and enters through the [[ampulla of Vater|hepatopancreatic ampulla]] at the [[major duodenal papilla]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l38/140100.htm
|title = Laboratory 38. Stomach, Spleen and Liver, Step 14. The Gallbladder and the Bile System
|accessdate = 2007-06-29|date = 2003-11-17
|work = Human Anatomy (Laboratory Dissections)
|publisher = [[SUNY Downstate Medical Center]], Brooklyn, NY
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url = http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/imgs/00000/7000/700/7763.jpg
|title = Abdominal dissection, gall bladder position emphasized
|accessdate = 2007-06-29
|date = 2003-11-17
|format = JPG
|work = Human Anatomy (Laboratory Dissections)
|publisher = [[SUNY Downstate Medical Center]], Brooklyn, NY
}}</ref>
*The [[fundus of the gallbladder]] is the part farthest from the duct, located by the lower border of the [[liver]] <ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fundus+of+gallbladder medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com - fundus of gallbladder]</ref>. It is at the same level as the [[transpyloric plane]].
==Microscopic anatomy==
The different layers of the gallbladder are as follows:
* The gallbladder has a [[Simple columnar epithelium|simple columnar]] [[epithelium|epithelial]] lining characterized by ''recesses'' called Aschoff's recesses, which are pouches inside the lining.
* Under the epithelium there is a layer of [[connective tissue]] (''lamina propria'').
* Beneath the connective tissue is a wall of [[smooth muscle]] (''muscularis externa'') that contracts in response to [[cholecystokinin]], a [[peptide]] [[hormone]] secreted by the [[duodenum]].
* There is essentially no [[submucosa]] separating the connective tissue from [[serosa]] and [[adventitia]].
''Section References''<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/epithel/epith05.htm
|title = Slide 5: Gall Bladder|accessdate = 2007-06-29|work = JayDoc HistoWeb|publisher = [[University of Kansas]]
}}</ref>
==Function==
{{Unreferencedsection|date=June 2008}}
The gallbladder stores about 50 ml (1.7 US [[fluid ounce]]s / 1.8 Imperial fluid ounces) of [[bile]], which is released when [[food]] containing fat enters the [[Gastrointestinal tract|digestive tract]], stimulating the [[secretion]] of [[cholecystokinin]] (CCK). The [[bile]], produced in the [[liver]], emulsifies fats and neutralizes acids in partly digested food.
After being stored in the gallbladder the [[bile]] becomes more concentrated than when it left the [[liver]], increasing its potency and intensifying its effect on fats. Most digestion occurs in the [[duodenum]].
Vertebrates have gallbladders, but invertebrates don't. This is because vertebrates eat in [[Bolus (digestion)|boluses]] while invertebrates are constantly eating. To digest a large bolus of food requires a large amount of digestive secretions, hence the presence of a gallbladder.
==Diseases and disorders==
*[[Cholecystitis]]
*[[Gallbladder cancer]]
*[[Strawberry gallbladder]]
*[[Gallstone]]
*[[Gallbladder polyp]]
==See also==
{{wiktionary|gall bladder}}
{{Commonscat|Gall bladder}}
*[[Cholecystectomy]]
*[[Strawberry gallbladder]]
== External links ==
* {{Medline PlusImage|19261}}
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Digestive glands}}
'''
[[Category:Abdomen]]
[[Category:Digestive system]]
[[Category:Hepatology]]
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