Gallbladder cancer 2191571 223648368 2008-07-05T02:04:57Z Arcadian 104523 nav {{Infobox_Disease | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | Image = | Caption = | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = {{ICD10|C|23||c|15}}-{{ICD10|C|24||c|15}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|156}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D005706 | }} '''Gallbladder cancer''' is a relatively uncommon [[cancer]]. If it is diagnosed early enough, it can be cured by removing the [[gallbladder]]. Most often it is found after [[symptoms]] such as [[abdominal]] pain and [[jaundice]] occur, and it has spread to other [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]]s such as the [[liver]]. It is a rare cancer that is still being studied and thought to be related to gallstones building up, which also can lead to [[calcium|calcification]] of the gallbladder, a condition known as [[Porcelain gallbladder]]. Porcelain gallbladder is also rare. Some studies indicate that people with porcelain gallbladder have a high risk of developing gallbladder cancer, but other studies question this. The outlook is poor for recovery if the cancer is found after symptoms have started to occur.the cancer is a disorde in the growth of cells. ==Risk factors== * Gender: More women than men are affected by gallbladder cancer, mostly commonly between the ages of 50 and 60. * [[Obesity]] increases the risk for gallbladder cancer. It is most common in [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]]. * Primary carcinoma is linked to chronic [[cholecystitis]] and [[cholelithiasis]]. * Alcohol: "…alcohol drinking is a risk factor of gallbladder cancer…"<ref>{{cite journal | last = Ji | first = J | coauthors = Hemminki K | title = Variation in the risk for liver and gallbladder cancers in socioeconomic and occupational groups in Sweden with etiological implications | journal = Int Arch Occup Environ Health | volume =78 | issue =8 | pages = 641–9 | publisher = | date = 2005 Sep | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=Display&DB=pubmed | doi = | pmid = 16001211 | accessdate = 2007-05-28}}</ref> <ref>Ji J, Couto E, Hemminki K. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15800949&dopt=Abstract Incidence differences for gallbladder cancer between occupational groups suggest an etiological role for alcohol] ''Int J Cancer'' 2005 Sep 1;116(3):492-3.</ref> ==Signs and Symptoms== *Steady pain in the upper right abdomen for around 2 months. *[[Diarrhea]] *[[Burping]] *[[Weakness (medical)|Weakness]] *[[Loss of appetite]] *[[Weight loss]] *[[Vomiting]] *[[Infection]], leading to [[peritonitis]], [[gangrene]], [[perforation]], and or liver [[abscess]] *[[Jaundice]], due to obstruction Early symptoms mimic gallbladder inflammation and gallstones, which must be excluded as the cause. Later, the symptoms may be that of [[bile duct|biliary]] obstruction. ==Disease Course== Most tumors are [[adenocarcinoma]]s, with a small percent being [[squamous cell]] carcinomas. The cancer commonly spreads to the [[liver]], [[pancreas]], [[stomach]],and [[duodenum]]. ==Diagnosis== [[Image:Gallbladder adenocarcinoma (1) histopathology.jpg|thumb|right|Incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer ([[adenocarcinoma]]) following a [[cholecystectomy]]. [[H&E stain]].]] Early diagnosis is not generally possible. People at high risk, such as women or Native Americans with frequent gallstones, are evaluated closely. Endoscopic [[ultrasound]], transabdominal ultrasound, [[CT scan]], [[MRI]], and MR cholangiopancreatography can be used to diagnose. ==Treatment== The most common and most effective treatment is surgical removal of the gallbladder ([[cholecystectomy]]) with [[lymph node]] dissection. However, with gallbladder cancer's extremely poor prognosis, most will die by one year following the surgery. If surgery is not possible, endoscopic stenting of the biliary tree can reduce jaundice. [[Chemotherapy]] and [[radiation therapy|radiation]] may also be used with surgery. ==References== <references/> * Lewis, S.M., Heitkemper, M.M., & Dirksen, S.R. Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 2004. * McCance,K., & Huether, S. Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults & Children, 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 2002. ==External links== * [http://pathology2.jhu.edu/gbbd/ The Johns Hopkins Esophageal Cancer Web page] {{Digestive system neoplasia}} [[Category:Types of cancer]] [[pl:Rak pęcherzyka żółciowego]] [[pt:Câncer de vesícula biliar]] [[sv:Gallblåsecancer]]