Ganglion
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222261886
2008-06-28T11:37:12Z
سمرقندی
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{{otheruses|Ganglia (disambiguation)}}
In [[anatomy]], a '''ganglion''' ''(pl. ''ganglia'')'' is a [[biological tissue|tissue mass]].<ref>{{Dorlands|g_02|12384214}}</ref>
==Neurology==
[[Image:DRG Chicken e7.jpg|thumb|This is a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) from a chicken embryo (around stage of day 7) after incubation overnight in NGF growth medium stained with anti-neurofilament antibody. You can see the axons growing out of the ganglion.]]
In neurological contexts, ganglia are composed mainly of [[Soma (biology)|somata]] and [[dendrite|dendritic structures]] that often interconnect with other ganglia to form a complex system of ganglia known as a [[plexus]]. Ganglia provide relay points and intermediary connections between different neurological structures in the body, such as the [[peripheral nervous system|peripheral]] and [[central nervous system|central]] nervous systems.
There are two major groups of ganglia:
* [[dorsal root ganglion|dorsal root ganglia]] (also known as the spinal ganglia) - contain the cell bodies of [[Afferent nerve|sensory (afferent)]] [[nerve]]s
* [[autonomic ganglion|autonomic ganglia]] - contain the cell bodies of [[autonomic nervous system|autonomic]] nerves.
In the [[autonomic nervous system]], fibers from the [[central nervous system]] to the ganglia are known as [[preganglionic fibers]], while those from the ganglia to the effector organ are called [[postganglionic fibers]].
===Basal ganglia===
The term "ganglion" usually refers to the [[peripheral nervous system]]. <ref name="titleUNSW Embryology- Glossary G">{{cite web |url=http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/Index/G.htm |title=UNSW Embryology- Glossary G |accessdate=2008-01-13 |format= |work=}}</ref>
However, in the brain (part of the [[central nervous system]]), the "[[basal ganglia]]" is a group of nuclei interconnected with the [[cerebral cortex]], [[thalamus]] and [[brainstem]], associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions and learning.
Partly due to this ambiguity, the [[Terminologia Anatomica]] recommends using the term "basal nuclei" instead of "basal ganglia".<ref>{{Dorlands|n_11|12580456}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Dorsal root ganglion]]
* [[Ganglion cell]]
* [[Ganglion cyst]]
* [[Nervous system]]
* [[Neuron]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]
[[Category:Central nervous system]]
[[Category:Peripheral nervous system]]
[[Category:Autonomic nervous system]]
[[Category:Medical terms]]
[[de:Ganglion (Nervensystem)]]
[[et:Ganglion]]
[[es:Ganglio nervioso]]
[[fr:Ganglion nerveux]]
[[it:Ganglio]]
[[he:גנגליון]]
[[mk:Ганглија]]
[[ur:کتلہ]]
[[nl:Zenuwknoop]]
[[ja:神経節]]
[[no:Ganglion]]
[[pl:Zwój (anatomia)]]
[[pt:Gânglio nervoso]]
[[ru:Ганглий]]
[[sr:Ганглион]]
[[fi:Hermosolmu]]
[[sv:Ganglion]]
[[tg:Гангли]]