Garden 42139 225825390 2008-07-15T16:01:55Z Bjweeks 321557 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Pink!Teen|Pink!Teen]] ([[User talk:Pink!Teen|talk]]) to last version by TXiKiBoT {{otheruses}} {{Refimprove|date=June 2007}} [[Image:Kew Gardens Pagoda.jpg|right|thumb|The Pagoda at [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|Kew Gardens, London, England]]]] [[Image:Rikugien3.jpg|thumb|right|A kaiyu-shiki or strolling [[Japanese garden]]]] [[Image:Colorful spring garden.jpg|thumb|Colorful [[Spring (season)|Spring]] garden]] A '''garden''' is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of [[plants]] and other forms of [[nature]]. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. The most common form is known as a [[residential garden]]. Western gardens are almost universally based around plants. [[Zoo]]s, which display wild animals in simulated natural habitats, were formerly called ''zoological gardens''.<ref>''Garden history : philosophy and design, 2000 BC--2000 AD'', Tom Turner. New York: Spon Press, 2005. ISBN 0415317487</ref><ref>''The earth knows my name : food, culture, and sustainability in the gardens of ethnic Americans'', Patricia Klindienst. Boston: Beacon Press, c2006. ISBN 0807085626</ref> See traditional types of eastern gardens, such as [[Japanese rock garden|Zen gardens]], use plants such as parsley. [[Xeriscaping|Xeriscape]] gardens use local native plants that do not require irrigation or extensive use of other resources while still providing the benefits of a garden environment. Gardens may exhibit structural enhancements, sometimes called [[Folly|follies]], including [[water feature]]s such as [[fountain]]s, ponds (with or without fish), waterfalls or creeks, dry creek beds, statuary, arbors, trellises and more. Some gardens are for ornamental purposes only, while some gardens also produce food crops, sometimes in separate areas, or sometimes intermixed with the ornamental plants. Food-producing gardens are distinguished from [[farm]]s by their smaller scale, more labor-intensive methods, and their purpose (enjoyment of a hobby rather than produce for sale). '''[[Gardening]]''' is the activity of growing and maintaining the garden. This work is done by an amateur or professional [[gardener]]. A gardener might also work in a non-garden setting, such as a park, a roadside embankment, or other [[public space]]. [[Landscape architecture]] is a related professional activity with landscape architects tending to specialise in design for public and corporate clients. The term "garden" in [[British English]] refers to an enclosed area of land, usually adjoining a building.<ref>[http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/garden?view=uk The Compact Oxford English Dictionary]</ref> This would be referred to as a [[yard (land)|yard]] in [[American English]]. Flower gardens combine plants of different heights, colors, textures, and fragrances to create interest and delight the senses. ==Garden design== [[Image:Flowers in Park Seed Company garden.jpg|thumb|right|Flower garden]] [[Garden design]] is the creation of plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes. Garden design may be done by the garden owner themselves, or by professionals. Most professional garden designers are trained in principles of design and in horticulture, and have an expert knowledge and experience of using plants. Some professional garden designers are also [[landscape architect]]s, a more formal level of training that usually requires an advanced degree and often a state license. Elements of garden design include the layout of hard landscape, such as paths, rockeries, walls, water features, sitting areas and decking, as well as the plants themselves, with consideration for their [[horticultural]] requirements, their season-to-season appearance, lifespan, [[Habit (biology)|growth habit]], size, speed of growth, and combinations with other plants and landscape features. Consideration is also given to the maintenance needs of the garden, including the time or funds available for regular maintenance, which can affect the choices of plants regarding speed of growth, spreading or self-seeding of the plants, whether [[Annual plant|annual]] or [[Perennial plant|perennial]], and bloom-time, and many other characteristics. The most important consideration in garden design is how the garden will be used, followed closely by the desired stylistic genres, and the way the garden space will connect to the home or other structures in the surrounding areas. All of these considerations are subject to the limitations of the budget. Budget limitations can be addressed by a simpler garden style with fewer plants and less costly hardscape materials, seeds rather than sod for lawns, and plants that grow quickly; alternately, garden owners may choose to create their garden over time, area by area. ==Elements of a garden== {{Horticulture and Gardening}} [[Image:RockGarden-NaturalStyle-19990622a.jpg|thumb|Rockery in England]] The elements of a garden consist of the following: Natural conditions and materials: * [[Soil]] * [[Rock (geology)|Rocks]] * [[Light]] conditions * [[Wind]] * [[Rain|Precipitation]] * [[Earth's atmosphere|Air]] quality ** [[Pollution]] ** Proximity to [[ocean]] (salinity) * Plant materials Man-made elements: * [[Terrace (gardening)|Terrace]], patio, deck * Paths * [[Lighting]] * Raised beds * Outdoor [[art]]/[[sculpture]], such as [[Gazebo]]s and [[Pergola]]s * Pool, [[water garden]], or other water elements such as [[drainage system]]. ==Uses for the garden space == A garden can have aesthetic, functional, and recreational uses: * Cooperation with nature ** [[Plant]] [[cultivation]] * Observance of nature ** [[Bird]]- and [[insect]]-watching ** Reflection on the changing [[season]]s * Relaxation ** Family dinners on the terrace ** Children playing in the yard ** Reading and relaxing in the hammock ** Maintaining the flowerbeds ** Pottering in the [[shed]] ** Basking in warm [[sun]]shine ** Escaping oppressive sunlight and heat * Growing useful produce ** Flowers to cut and bring inside for indoor beauty ** Fresh herbs and vegetables for cooking ==Types of gardens== [[Image:Butchart gardens.JPG|thumb|right|The Sunken Garden of [[Butchart Gardens]], [[Victoria, British Columbia]]]] [[Image:Checkered garden in Tours, France.jpg|thumb|right|[[Tours]], [[France]]]] [[Image:RyoanJi-Dry_garden.jpg|thumb|right|Zen garden, [[Ryōan-ji]]]] [[Image:French Formal Garden in Loire Valley.JPG|thumb|right|French formal garden in the [[Loire Valley]]]] [[Image:Garden.zoo-Bristol.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bristol Zoo]], England]] [[Image:Pt-ctb-jardimpaco.jpg|thumb|right|[[Castelo Branco]], [[Portugal]]]] Gardens may feature a particular plant or plant type(s); * [[Back garden]] * [[The Bog Garden|Bog Garden]] * Cactus garden * [[Fernery]] * [[Flower garden]] * [[Front garden]] * [[Herb garden]] * [[Orangery]] * [[Orchard]] * [[Rose garden]] * [[Vegetable garden]] * [[Vineyard]] * [[White garden]] * [[Wildflower garden]] * [[Winter garden]] Gardens may feature a particular style or aesthetic: * Alpine or [[rock garden]] * [[Bonsai]] or miniature garden * Children's Garden * [[Chinese garden]] * [[Dutch garden]] * [[English landscape garden]] * [[French formal garden]] * Italian garden * [[Japanese garden]] * [[Knot garden]] * [[Mughal garden]] * [[Natural landscaping|Native garden]] * [[Persian garden]] * [[Terrarium]] * [[Trial garden]] * [[Tropical garden]] * [[Water garden]] * [[Wild garden]] * [[Xeriscaping]] * [[Zen garden]] Types of garden: * [[Botanical garden]] * [[Butterfly gardening|Butterfly Garden]] * [[Butterfly zoo]] * [[Cold frame|Cold Frame Garden]] * [[Community garden]] * [[Container garden]] * [[Cottage garden]] * [[Cutting garden]] * [[Garden conservatory]] * [[Greenhouse]] * [[Forest garden]] * [[Hydroponics|Hydroponic garden]] * [[Rain garden]] * [[Raised bed gardening]] * [[Residential garden]] * [[Roof garden]] * [[Sacred garden]] * [[Sensory garden]] * [[Square foot gardening|Square foot garden]] * [[Vertical garden]] * [[Walled garden]] * [[Windowbox]] * [[Zoological garden]] == Watering gardens == See [[rainwater]], [[hand pump]], [[tap water]] and [[drip irrigation]]. {{Expand-section|date=June 2008}} ==History of gardening== {{see|History of gardening}} ==Gardens in literature== * [[Garden of Eden|The Garden of Eden]] * ''[[Romance of the Rose]]'' * [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'s short-story "[[Rappaccini's Daughter]]" * [[Frances Hodgson Burnett]]'s ''[[The Secret Garden]]'' * ''[[Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil]]'' * [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]'s [[opera]] ''[[La finta giardiniera]]'' * [[John Steinbeck|John Steinbeck's]] short-story "[[The Chrysanthemums]]" * [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s [[The Gardener]] ==Other similar spaces== Other outdoor spaces that are similar to gardens include: * A [[landscape]] is an outdoor space of a larger scale, natural or designed, usually unenclosed and considered from a distance. * A [[park]] is a planned outdoor space, usually enclosed ('imparked') and of a larger size. [[Public park]]s are for public use. * An [[arboretum]] is a planned outdoor space, usually large, for the display and study of [[tree]]s. * A [[farm]] or [[orchard]] is for the production of [[food]] stuff. * A [[botanical garden]] is a type of garden where plants are grown both for scientific purposes and for the enjoyment and education of visitors. * A zoological garden, or [[zoo]] for short, is a place where wild animals are cared for and exhibited to the public. ==See also== {{Portal|Gardening}} {{commons|Garden}} {{Wmog|gardening}} * [[Garden tourism]] * [[History of gardening]] * [[Museum of Garden History]] * [[List of botanical gardens]] * [[List of companion plants]] * [[List of gardens|List of public gardens]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Gardening]] [[Category:Landscape]] [[Category:Gardens| ]] [[ast:Xardín]] [[gn:Yvotyrokái]] [[bg:Градина]] [[ca:Jardí]] [[cs:Zahrada]] [[cy:Gardd]] [[da:Have]] [[de:Garten]] [[et:Aed]] [[el:Κήπος]] [[es:Jardín]] [[eo:Ĝardeno]] [[fa:باغ]] [[fr:Jardin]] [[fur:Zardin]] [[gl:Xardín]] [[ko:정원]] [[bpy:জার্ডিম]] [[id:Taman]] [[is:Garður]] [[it:Giardino]] [[he:גן (נוי)]] [[la:Hortus]] [[lt:Sodas]] [[li:Tuin]] [[jbo:purdi]] [[nl:Tuin]] [[nds-nl:Tune]] [[ja:庭園]] [[nap:Ciardino]] [[no:Hage]] [[nn:Hage]] [[nrm:Gardîn]] [[pl:Sad]] [[pt:Jardim]] [[ro:Grădină]] [[qu:Wayta pata]] [[ru:Сад]] [[scn:Jardinu (ciuri)]] [[simple:Garden]] [[sk:Záhrada]] [[fi:Puutarha]] [[sv:Trädgård]] [[vi:Vườn cảnh]] [[chr:ᎠᏫᏒᏅ]] [[uk:Сад]] [[yi:גארטן]] [[zh-yue:花園]] [[zh:花園]]