Gentianaceae
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2008-06-07T04:26:16Z
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{{Taxobox
| name = Gentian family
| image = GentianaAcaulisRannoch.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = ''[[Gentiana acaulis]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| subclassis = [[Asteridae]]
| ordo = [[Gentianales]]
| familia = '''Gentianaceae'''
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
| subdivision =
Many, [[#Genera|see text]]
}}
'''Gentianaceae''', or the Gentian family, is a family of [[flowering plant]]s of 87 genera and over 1500 species. <ref name="New classification of Gentianaceae">{{cite book | title=Gentianaceae | url=http://www.alibris.com/search/detail.cfm?chunk=25&mtype=&qisbn=9780521809993&S=R&bid=8705131336&pbest=&pqtynew=&page=1&matches=4&qsort=r| last=Lena Struwe (Editor), Victor A. Albert (Editor)| date=2002| pages=662| publisher=Cambridge University Press| id=ISBN 0521809991}}</ref>
[[Flower]]s are [[actinomorphic]] and bisexual with fused sepals and petals. The [[stamen]]s are attached to the inside of the petals (epipetalous) and alternate with the corolla lobes. There is a glandular disk at the base of the gynoecium, and flowers have parietal placentation. The [[inflorescence]] is cymose, with simple or complex [[cyme]]s. The [[fruit]]s are dehiscent septicidal capsules splitting into two halves, rarely some species have a [[berry]]. Seeds are small with copiously oily endosperms and a straight embryo. The habit varies from small [[tree]]s, pachycaul [[shrub]]s to (usually) [[herb]]s, with ascending, erect or twining stems. Plants are usually rhizomatous. Leaves opposite, less often alternate or in some species whorled, simple in shape, with entire edges and bases [[connate]]ly attached to the stem. Stipules are absent. Plants usually accumulate bitter [[iridoid]] substances; bicollateral bundles are present. Ecologically, partial [[myco-heterotrophy]] is common among species in this family.
Distribution is [[cosmopolitan (species)|cosmopolitan]]. The family consists of trees, shrubs and herbs showing a wide range of colours and floral patterns.
Economically, some species are cultivated [[ornamental plant]]s and many species yield bitter principles used medicinally and in flavorings.
==Conservation==
Some of these plants have limited ranges and are protected under governmental oversight. For example, Gentianella uliginosa (Dune Gentian), which occurs in some limited areas of [[Wales]] and [[Scotland]], is a priority species under the [[Biodiversity Action Plan]] of the [[United Kingdom]].
== Genera ==
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Adenolisianthus]]''
*''[[Anthocleista]]''
*''[[Aripuana]]''
*''[[Bartonia]]''
*''[[Belmontia]]''
*''[[Bisgoeppertia]]''
*''[[Blackstonia perfoliata]]''
*''[[Calolisianthus]]''
*''[[Canscora]]''
*''[[Celiantha]]''
*''[[Centaurium]]''
*''[[Chelonanthus]]''
*''[[Chironia]]''
*''[[Chlora]]''
*''[[Chorisepalum]]''
*''[[Cicendia]]''
*''[[Comastoma]]''
*''[[Congolanthus]]''
*''[[Cotylanthera]]''
*''[[Coutoubea]]''
*''[[Cracosna]]''
*''[[Crawfurdia]]''
*''[[Curtia]]''
*''[[Deianira (genus)|Deianira]]''
*''[[Djaloniella]]''
*''[[Enicostema]]''
*''[[Eustoma]]''
*''[[Exaculum]]''
*''[[Exacum]]''
*''[[Fagraea]]''
*''[[Faroa]]''
|
*''[[Frasera]]''
*''[[Geniostemum]]''
*''[[Gentiana]]''
*''[[Gentianella]]''
*''[[Gentianopsis]]''
*''[[Gentianothamnus]]''
*''[[Halenia]]''
*''[[Helia (genus)|Helia]]''
*''[[Hockinia]]''
*''[[Hoppea]]''
*''[[Irlbachia]]''
*''[[Ixanthus]]''
*''[[Jaeschkea]]''
*''[[Karina]]''
*''[[Lagenanthus]]''
*''[[Lapithea]]''
*''[[Latouchea]]''
*''[[Lehmanniella]]''
*''[[Lisianthius]]''
*''[[Lomatogoniopsis]]''
*''[[Lomatogonium]]''
*''[[Macrocarpaea]]''
*''[[Megacodon]]''
*''[[Microrphium]]''
*''[[Monodiella]]''
*''[[Neblinantha]]''
*''[[Neurotheca]]''
*''[[Obolaria]]''
*''[[Oreonesion]]''
*''[[Ornichia]]''
*''[[Orphium]]''
|
*''[[Parajaeschkea]]''
*''[[Phyllocyclus]]''
*''[[Potalia]]''
*''[[Prepusa]]''
*''[[Pterygocalyx]]''
*''[[Pycnosphaera]]''
*''[[Rogersonanthus]]''
*''[[Sabatia]]''
*''[[Saccifolium]]''
*''[[Schinziella]]''
*''[[Schultesia]]''
*''[[Sebaea]]''
*''[[Senaea]]''
*''[[Sipapoantha]]''
*''[[Swertia]]''
*''[[Symbolanthus]]''
*''[[Symphyllophyton]]''
*''[[Tachia (genus)|Tachia]]''
*''[[Tachiadenus]]''
*''[[Tapeinostemon]]''
*''[[Tetrapollinia]]''
*''[[Tripterospermum]]''
*''[[Urogentias]]''
*''[[Veratrilla]]''
*''[[Voyria]]''
*''[[Voyriella]]''
*''[[Wurdackanthus]]''
*''[[Xestaea]]''
*''[[Zonanthus]]''
*''[[Zygostigma]]''
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~struwe/gentnet/index.htm Gentian Research Network]
[[Category:Gentianaceae| ]]
[[Category:Plant families]]
==External links==
*[http://www.topwalks.net/plants/generos/gentianaceae.htm Gentianaceae in Topwalks]
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