Gentianaceae 937037 217681556 2008-06-07T04:26:16Z Thijs!bot 1392310 robot Adding: [[fi:Katkerokasvit]] {{Taxobox | name = Gentian family | image = GentianaAcaulisRannoch.jpg | image_width = 200px | image_caption = ''[[Gentiana acaulis]]'' | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | subclassis = [[Asteridae]] | ordo = [[Gentianales]] | familia = '''Gentianaceae''' | subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]] | subdivision = Many, [[#Genera|see text]] }} '''Gentianaceae''', or the Gentian family, is a family of [[flowering plant]]s of 87 genera and over 1500 species. <ref name="New classification of Gentianaceae">{{cite book | title=Gentianaceae | url=http://www.alibris.com/search/detail.cfm?chunk=25&mtype=&qisbn=9780521809993&S=R&bid=8705131336&pbest=&pqtynew=&page=1&matches=4&qsort=r| last=Lena Struwe (Editor), Victor A. Albert (Editor)| date=2002| pages=662| publisher=Cambridge University Press| id=ISBN 0521809991}}</ref> [[Flower]]s are [[actinomorphic]] and bisexual with fused sepals and petals. The [[stamen]]s are attached to the inside of the petals (epipetalous) and alternate with the corolla lobes. There is a glandular disk at the base of the gynoecium, and flowers have parietal placentation. The [[inflorescence]] is cymose, with simple or complex [[cyme]]s. The [[fruit]]s are dehiscent septicidal capsules splitting into two halves, rarely some species have a [[berry]]. Seeds are small with copiously oily endosperms and a straight embryo. The habit varies from small [[tree]]s, pachycaul [[shrub]]s to (usually) [[herb]]s, with ascending, erect or twining stems. Plants are usually rhizomatous. Leaves opposite, less often alternate or in some species whorled, simple in shape, with entire edges and bases [[connate]]ly attached to the stem. Stipules are absent. Plants usually accumulate bitter [[iridoid]] substances; bicollateral bundles are present. Ecologically, partial [[myco-heterotrophy]] is common among species in this family. Distribution is [[cosmopolitan (species)|cosmopolitan]]. The family consists of trees, shrubs and herbs showing a wide range of colours and floral patterns. Economically, some species are cultivated [[ornamental plant]]s and many species yield bitter principles used medicinally and in flavorings. ==Conservation== Some of these plants have limited ranges and are protected under governmental oversight. For example, Gentianella uliginosa (Dune Gentian), which occurs in some limited areas of [[Wales]] and [[Scotland]], is a priority species under the [[Biodiversity Action Plan]] of the [[United Kingdom]]. == Genera == {| |- valign=top | *''[[Adenolisianthus]]'' *''[[Anthocleista]]'' *''[[Aripuana]]'' *''[[Bartonia]]'' *''[[Belmontia]]'' *''[[Bisgoeppertia]]'' *''[[Blackstonia perfoliata]]'' *''[[Calolisianthus]]'' *''[[Canscora]]'' *''[[Celiantha]]'' *''[[Centaurium]]'' *''[[Chelonanthus]]'' *''[[Chironia]]'' *''[[Chlora]]'' *''[[Chorisepalum]]'' *''[[Cicendia]]'' *''[[Comastoma]]'' *''[[Congolanthus]]'' *''[[Cotylanthera]]'' *''[[Coutoubea]]'' *''[[Cracosna]]'' *''[[Crawfurdia]]'' *''[[Curtia]]'' *''[[Deianira (genus)|Deianira]]'' *''[[Djaloniella]]'' *''[[Enicostema]]'' *''[[Eustoma]]'' *''[[Exaculum]]'' *''[[Exacum]]'' *''[[Fagraea]]'' *''[[Faroa]]'' | *''[[Frasera]]'' *''[[Geniostemum]]'' *''[[Gentiana]]'' *''[[Gentianella]]'' *''[[Gentianopsis]]'' *''[[Gentianothamnus]]'' *''[[Halenia]]'' *''[[Helia (genus)|Helia]]'' *''[[Hockinia]]'' *''[[Hoppea]]'' *''[[Irlbachia]]'' *''[[Ixanthus]]'' *''[[Jaeschkea]]'' *''[[Karina]]'' *''[[Lagenanthus]]'' *''[[Lapithea]]'' *''[[Latouchea]]'' *''[[Lehmanniella]]'' *''[[Lisianthius]]'' *''[[Lomatogoniopsis]]'' *''[[Lomatogonium]]'' *''[[Macrocarpaea]]'' *''[[Megacodon]]'' *''[[Microrphium]]'' *''[[Monodiella]]'' *''[[Neblinantha]]'' *''[[Neurotheca]]'' *''[[Obolaria]]'' *''[[Oreonesion]]'' *''[[Ornichia]]'' *''[[Orphium]]'' | *''[[Parajaeschkea]]'' *''[[Phyllocyclus]]'' *''[[Potalia]]'' *''[[Prepusa]]'' *''[[Pterygocalyx]]'' *''[[Pycnosphaera]]'' *''[[Rogersonanthus]]'' *''[[Sabatia]]'' *''[[Saccifolium]]'' *''[[Schinziella]]'' *''[[Schultesia]]'' *''[[Sebaea]]'' *''[[Senaea]]'' *''[[Sipapoantha]]'' *''[[Swertia]]'' *''[[Symbolanthus]]'' *''[[Symphyllophyton]]'' *''[[Tachia (genus)|Tachia]]'' *''[[Tachiadenus]]'' *''[[Tapeinostemon]]'' *''[[Tetrapollinia]]'' *''[[Tripterospermum]]'' *''[[Urogentias]]'' *''[[Veratrilla]]'' *''[[Voyria]]'' *''[[Voyriella]]'' *''[[Wurdackanthus]]'' *''[[Xestaea]]'' *''[[Zonanthus]]'' *''[[Zygostigma]]'' |} ==References== {{reflist}} *[http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~struwe/gentnet/index.htm Gentian Research Network] [[Category:Gentianaceae| ]] [[Category:Plant families]] ==External links== *[http://www.topwalks.net/plants/generos/gentianaceae.htm Gentianaceae in Topwalks] [[da:Ensian-familien]] [[de:Enziangewächse]] [[es:Gentianaceae]] [[eo:Gencianacoj]] [[fr:Gentianaceae]] [[hsb:Hórkowcowe rostliny]] [[lt:Gencijoniniai]] [[nl:Gentiaanfamilie]] [[ja:リンドウ科]] [[no:Søterotfamilien]] [[oc:Gentianaceae]] [[pl:Goryczkowate]] [[pt:Gentianaceae]] [[ro:Gentianaceae]] [[sl:Sviščevke]] [[fi:Katkerokasvit]] [[sv:Gentianaväxter]] [[vi:Họ Long đởm]] [[zh:龍膽科]]