George Nuttall
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2008-07-07T10:55:34Z
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{{Infobox Scientist
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|birth_date = [[5 July]] [[1862]]
|birth_place = [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]]
|death_date = [[16 December]] [[1937]]
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|nationality = [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|]] [[United Kingdom]]<br/>[[Image:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg|20px|]] [[United States]]
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|field = [[bacteriology]]
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}}'''George Henry Falkiner Nuttall''' ([[5 July]] [[1862]]–[[16 December]] [[1937]]) was an [[United States|American]]-[[United Kingdom|British]] [[bacteriologist]] who contributed much to the knowledge of [[parasites]] and of insect carriers of diseases. He made significant, innovative discoveries in [[immunology]], about life under aseptic conditions, in blood chemistry, and about diseases transmitted by [[arthropods]], especially [[ticks]]. He carried out investigations into the distribution of [[anopheles|Anopheline]] [[mosquitoes]] in England in relation to the previous prevalence of [[malaria]] there. With [[William Welch]] he identified [[Clostridium perfringens]], the organism responsible for causing [[gangrene]]. He also demonstrated the importance of [[intestinal bacteria]] in digestion and investigated the [[bactericidal]] properties of blood.
He was born in [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] to a British father, who was a doctor, and an American mother from California, and was the brother of [[Zelia Nuttall]]. He acquired British citizenship in 1900. He gained an M.D. from the [[University of California]] in 1884 and a Ph.D. from the [[University of Gottingen]] in 1890. In 1899 he moved to England, where he stayed for the rest of his life, and became associated with [[Cambridge University]]. In 1906 he was elected the first [[Quick Professor of Biology]] at Cambridge (emeritus 1931).
He founded the [[Molteno Institute Biology and Parasitology]] at [[Cambridge University]] and directed it from 1921. Nuttall established and edited the [http://journals.cambridge.org/HYG ''Journal of Hygiene'']in 1901 and also founded and edited [http://journals.cambridge.org/PAR ''Parasitology''] in 1908.
His writings include some 150 articles in professional journals.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia] He published:
* ''Hygienic Measures in Relation to Infectious Diseases'' (1903)
* ''Blood Immunity and Blood Relationship'' (1904), establishing the identification of [[blood type|different kinds of blood]]''
* ''The Bacteriology of Diphtheria'' (1908), with Graham Smith and others
* ''Ticks'' (1908 et. seq.), with C. Warburton and others
* ''The Drug Treatment of Canine Piroplasmosis'' (1910)
* ''Russian Ixosoidea'' (1912)
* ''The Training and Status of Public Health Officers in the United Kingdom'' (1913)
==[[Parasitism|Parasite]]s named for him==
* ''Nuttallia'' — Small protozoan parasites found in the red blood corpuscles of horses and dogs.
:'''N. equi''', a species causing hemoglobinuric fever of horses in South Africa. It is probably transmitted by the [[tick|tick]] ''Rhipicephalux everti''. Called also ''Babesia equi'' and ''B. caballi''.
: '''N. gibso'ni''' is found in dogs.
==References==
*Daintith, D. S. (1994). ''Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists''. New York: Taylor and Francis.
*Graham-Smith, G. S., rev. Mary Gibson (2004). "George Henry Falkiner Nuttall." ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]''. Retrieved September 26, 2007.
* [[Dorland's Medical Dictionary]] (1938)
* {{NIE}}
[[Category:British science writers|Nuttall, George]]
[[Category:British immunologists|Nuttall, George]]
[[Category:1862 births|Nutall, George]]
[[Category:1937 deaths|Nutall, George]]
[[fr:George Henry Falkiner Nuttall]]
[[pl:George Nuttall]]
[[ru:Наттолл, Джордж Генри]]