George Whipple 12234 221972803 2008-06-26T22:57:34Z Wiki11790 7176638 {{click|image=Nobel medal dsc06171.jpg|link=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|width=20px|height=20px}} {{Infobox Scientist |name = George Whipple {{click|image=Nobel medal dsc06171.jpg|link=Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|width=20px|height=20px}} |birth_date = [[August 28]], [[1878]] |birth_place = [[Ashland, New Hampshire]] |death_date = [[February 1]], [[1976]] |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = [[United States]] |ethnicity = |field = [[medicine]] |work_institutions = [[University of California]] |alma_mater = [[Johns Hopkins University]] |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[liver]] therapy in cases of [[anemia]] |influences = |influenced = |prizes =[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1934 |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }} '''George Hoyt Whipple''' ([[August 28]], [[1878]] – [[February 1]], [[1976]]) was an American physician, biomedical researcher, and medical school educator and administrator. Whipple shared the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1934 with [[George Richards Minot]] and [[William Parry Murphy]] "for their discoveries concerning [[liver]] therapy in cases of [[anemia]]." Whipple was born to Ashley Cooper Whipple and Frances Anna Hoyt in [[Ashland, New Hampshire]]. He was the son and grandson of physicians. Whipple attended [[Phillips Academy]] and then [[Yale University]] from which he graduated with a B.A. degree in 1900. He attended medical school at the [[Johns Hopkins University]]. from which he received the M.D. degree in 1905. After graduation. Whipple worked in the pathology department at Hopkins until he went to [[Panama]], during the time of the construction of the [[Panama Canal]], as pathologist to the [[Ancon Hospital]] in 1907-08. Whipple returned to [[Baltimore]], serving successively as Assistant, Instructor, Associate and Associate Professor in Pathology at The [[Johns Hopkins University]] between 1910 and 1914. In 1914, Whipple was appointed Professor of Research Medicine and Director of the Hooper Foundation for Medical Research at the [[University of California]] Medical School. He was dean of that medical school in 1920 and 1921. At the urging of [[Abraham Flexner]], who had done pioneering studies of medical education, and [[University of Rochester]] President [[Rush Rhees]], Whipple agreed in 1921 to become Dean of the newly funded and yet-to-be-built medical school in [[Rochester, New York]]. Whipple thus became Professor and Chairman of Pathology and the founding Dean of the new School of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Rochester. Whipple served the School as the Dean until 1954 and remained at Rochester for the rest of his life. Many at the university remember him as a superb teacher.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} George Hoyt Whipple died in 1976 at the age of 97 and is interred in Rochester's [[Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester|Mount Hope Cemetery]]. ==Whipple's research== Whipple's main research was concerned with [[anemia]] and with the [[physiology]] and [[pathology]] of the [[liver]]. He won the Nobel Prize for his discovery that liver fed to anemic dogs reverses the effects of the anemia. This remarkable discovery led directly to successful liver treatment of [[pernicious anemia]] by Minot and Murphy. Before that time, pernicious anemia had been truly pernicious in that it was invariably fatal. In presenting the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934, Professor I. Holmgren of the Nobel committee observed[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1934/press.html] that "Of the three prize winners, it was Whipple who first occupied himself with the investigations for which the prize is now awarded. ... Whipple's experiments were planned exceedingly well, and carried out very accurately, and consequently their results can lay claim to absolute reliability. These investigations and results of Whipple's gave Minor and Murphy the idea that an experiment could be made to see whether favorable results might also be obtained in the case of [[pernicious anemia]]...by making use of the foods of the kind that Whipple had found to yield favorable results in his experiments regarding anemia from loss of blood." Whipple was also the first person to describe an unknown disease he called lipodystrophia intestinalis because there were abnormal [[lipid]] deposits in the small intestine wall.[http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/gwhipple.html] Whipple also correctly pointed to the [[bacteria]]l cause of the disease in his original report in 1907. The condition has since come to be called [[Whipple's disease]]. ==References== *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=Ortiz-Hidalgo |first=Carlos |authorlink= |year= |month= |title=[George H. Whipple. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934. Whipple's disease, pernicious anemia, and other contributions to medicine] |journal=Gaceta médica de México |volume=138 |issue=4 |pages=371–6 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 12200882 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=Raju |first=T N |authorlink= |year=[[1999]] |month=Jan |title=The Nobel chronicles. 1934: George Hoyt Whipple (1878-1976); George Richard Minot (1885-1950); William Perry Murphy (1892-1987) |journal=[[The Lancet|Lancet]] |volume=353 |issue=9148 |pages=247 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 9923916 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=Sparkman |first=R S |authorlink= |year=[[1995]] |month=Sep |title=Two physicians named Whipple |journal=Am. J. Surg. |volume=170 |issue=3 |pages=306–7 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 7661304 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |doi=10.1016/S0002-9610(05)80024-8 }} *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=Miller |first=L L |authorlink= |year=[[1995]] |month= |title=George Hoyt Whipple - August 28, 1878-February 2, 1976 |journal=Biographical memoirs. National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) |volume=66 |issue= |pages=371–93 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 11616328 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=Carlsson |first=M |authorlink= |coauthors=Wiberg J |year=[[1989]] |month=Apr |title=[The man behind the syndrome: George Hoyt Whipple. He was the first one to theorize on infectious causes of a rare systemic disease] |journal=Lakartidningen |volume=86 |issue=14 |pages=1271–4 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 2468979 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=Diggs |first=L W |authorlink= |year=[[1976]] |month=Nov |title=Dr. George Hoyt Whipple |journal=The Johns Hopkins medical journal |volume=139 |issue=5 |pages=196–200 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 792552 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=Harvey |first=A M |authorlink= |year=[[1976]] |month= |title=Teacher and distinguished pupil: William Henry Welch and George Hoyt Whipple |journal=Johns Hopkins Med. J. Suppl. |volume= |issue= |pages=39–48 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 801545 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=Rijlant |first=P |authorlink= |year=[[1976]] |month= |title=[Note on the life and work of Professor George Heyt Whipple, foreign honorary member (1878-1976)] |journal=Bull. Mem. Acad. R. Med. Belg. |volume=131 |issue=3-4-5 |pages=139–43 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 798621 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=Young |first=L E |authorlink= |year=[[1976]] |month= |title=George Hoyt Whipple 1878-1976 |journal=Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians |volume=89 |issue= |pages=34–7 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 798387 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=Kenéz |first= |authorlink= |year=[[1968]] |month=Sep |title=[George Hoyt Whipple, nature lover and Nobel prize winner is 90 years old] |journal=Orvosi hetilap |volume=109 |issue=36 |pages=1994–8 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 4886380 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=Sulek |first=K |authorlink= |year=[[1968]] |month=Apr |title=[Nobel prize in 1934 for G.H. Whipple, G.R. Minot and W.P. Murphy for discovery of treatment of anemia with liver extracts] |journal=Wiad. Lek. |volume=21 |issue=7 |pages=627–9 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 4876155 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=CORNER |first=G W |authorlink= |year=[[1963]] |month=Jul |title=George Hoyt Whipple, Nobel Prize Pathologist |journal=Transactions & studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia |volume=31 |issue= |pages=40–1 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 14044626 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} *{{cite journal | quotes = no |last=BIBBY |first=B G |authorlink= |year=[[1951]] |month=Dec |title=George Hoyt Whipple, M. D: a benefactor of dentistry |journal=The Journal of the American College of Dentists |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=252–7 | publisher = | location = | issn = | pmid = 14897600 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }} ==External links== *[http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/gwhipple.html National Academy of Sciences biography] *[http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1934/whipple-bio.html Nobel biography] *[http://www.whipple.org/blaine/georgehoyt.html Other biography] * {{Findagrave|7938354}} {{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1926-1950}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Whipple, George}} [[Category:1878 births]] [[Category:1976 deaths]] [[Category:American physicians]] [[Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]] [[Category:People from New Hampshire]] [[Category:Phillips Academy alumni]] [[Category:American pathologists]] [[Category:Yale University alumni]] [[ar:جورج ويبل]] [[ca:George Hoyt Whipple]] [[de:George Hoyt Whipple]] [[es:George Hoyt Whipple]] [[eu:George Whipple]] [[fr:George Whipple]] [[hr:George Hoyt Whipple]] [[it:George Hoyt Whipple]] [[sw:George Whipple]] [[nl:George Whipple]] [[ja:ジョージ・H・ウィップル]] [[pl:George Whipple]] [[pt:George Hoyt Whipple]] [[sv:George H. Whipple]] [[zh:喬治·惠普爾]]