Gharmi people
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2008-07-14T22:31:28Z
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{{ethnic group|
|group=Gharmis
|poptime=90,000 (est.)
|popplace=[[Tajikistan]]
|rels=[[Sunni Islam]]
|langs=[[Tajik language|Tajik]]
|related=Other [[Iranian people]]s
}}
The '''Gharmi''', or '''Garmi people''' ([[Tajik language|Tajik]]: Ғармӣ), originate from the [[Rasht Valley]] in central [[Tajikistan]]. From the 1920s to 1955 there was a [[Gharm]] [[oblast]] in Tajikistan, and henceforth people from central Tajikistan were known as Gharmis. During the 1950s many Gharmis were forced to migrate from central Tajikistan to the [[Vakhsh River|Vakhsh River Valley]] in western Tajikistan. Gharmis were in large excluded from government positions which were dominated by individuals from [[Khujand]] and [[Kulob]]. Gharmis who settled in [[Qurghonteppa Oblast]] are frequently described as a [[clan]] group that found social niches in education and the marketplace.<ref name=>{{
cite web
| author= Edward W. Walker
| publisher= Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies
Working Paper Series
| year= Spring 2006
| url=http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~bsp/publications/2006_01-walk.pdf
| title= Ethnic War, Holy War, War O. War: Does The Adjective Matter In Explaining Collective Political Violence?
| accessdate=9th November
| accessyear=2006
|format=PDF}}</ref> After Tajikistan became independent in 1991, many Gharmis participated in protests against the government.<ref name=osi>{{
cite web
| author= | publisher=[[Open Society Institute]] | year=1998
| url= http://www.osi.hu/fmp/html/Tajik_one.html
| title= Tajikistan: Refugee Reintegration And Conflict Prevention
| accessdate=2nd November
| accessyear=2006
}}</ref> When the [[Civil War of Tajikistan]] broke out in 1992 a large number of Gharmis joined the [[Democratic Party of Tajikistan|DPT]]-[[Islamic Renaissance Party|IRP]] opposition.<ref name=hrw>{{
cite web
| author= | publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] | year=1994
| url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/WR94/Helsinki-20.htm
| title= Human Rights Watch World Report: Tajikistan
| accessdate=2nd November
| accessyear=2006
}}</ref> The organization [[Human Rights Watch]] among others, reported that Gharmis were targeted for [[execution]], [[disappearances]], mass killings, and Gharmi villages were burnt.<ref name=hrw/><ref name=Hiro>[[Dilip Hiro]]. ''Between Marx and Muhammad'', [[HarperCollins]]. ([[London]], 1995).</ref><ref name=Rashid>[[Ahmed Rashid]]. ''The Resurgence of Central Asia''. [[Oxford University Press]]. [[Karachi]]. 1994</ref><ref name=deng>{{
cite web
| author= | publisher=[[United Nations]] | date=[[24 October]][[1996]]
| url=http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/51/plenary/a51-483add1.htm
| title= Human Rights Questions: Human Rights Situations And Reports Of Special Rapporteurs And Representatives
| accessdate=9th November
| accessyear=2006
}}</ref> During the fall and winter of 1992 as many as 90,000 Gharmis and [[Pamiris]] were expelled from their homes and found refugee in [[Afghanistan]] in a campaign described by the [[United States Department of State]] as a [[pogrom]].<ref name=us>{{
cite web
| author= | publisher= [[U.S. Department of State]] | date= [[31 January]][[1994]]
| url= http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_eur/Tajikistan.html
| title=Tajikistan Human Rights Practices, 1993
| accessdate=9th November
| accessyear=2006
}}</ref> This was followed by heavy fighting in the Rasht Valley between government and opposition forces that led to the destruction of villages.<ref name=deng/><ref name=us/> There is evidence that [[rape]] was used by both sides during this campaign.<ref name=us/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Tajikistan]]
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