Gharmi people 2660653 225689862 2008-07-14T22:31:28Z Rjwilmsi 203434 gen fixes + link/fix date fields in cite templates (explanation [[User:Rjwilmsi#My_correction_of_dates_in_templates|here]]) using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] {{ethnic group| |group=Gharmis |poptime=90,000 (est.) |popplace=[[Tajikistan]] |rels=[[Sunni Islam]] |langs=[[Tajik language|Tajik]] |related=Other [[Iranian people]]s }} The '''Gharmi''', or '''Garmi people''' ([[Tajik language|Tajik]]: Ғармӣ), originate from the [[Rasht Valley]] in central [[Tajikistan]]. From the 1920s to 1955 there was a [[Gharm]] [[oblast]] in Tajikistan, and henceforth people from central Tajikistan were known as Gharmis. During the 1950s many Gharmis were forced to migrate from central Tajikistan to the [[Vakhsh River|Vakhsh River Valley]] in western Tajikistan. Gharmis were in large excluded from government positions which were dominated by individuals from [[Khujand]] and [[Kulob]]. Gharmis who settled in [[Qurghonteppa Oblast]] are frequently described as a [[clan]] group that found social niches in education and the marketplace.<ref name=>{{ cite web | author= Edward W. Walker | publisher= Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Working Paper Series | year= Spring 2006 | url=http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~bsp/publications/2006_01-walk.pdf | title= Ethnic War, Holy War, War O. War: Does The Adjective Matter In Explaining Collective Political Violence? | accessdate=9th November | accessyear=2006 |format=PDF}}</ref> After Tajikistan became independent in 1991, many Gharmis participated in protests against the government.<ref name=osi>{{ cite web | author= | publisher=[[Open Society Institute]] | year=1998 | url= http://www.osi.hu/fmp/html/Tajik_one.html | title= Tajikistan: Refugee Reintegration And Conflict Prevention | accessdate=2nd November | accessyear=2006 }}</ref> When the [[Civil War of Tajikistan]] broke out in 1992 a large number of Gharmis joined the [[Democratic Party of Tajikistan|DPT]]-[[Islamic Renaissance Party|IRP]] opposition.<ref name=hrw>{{ cite web | author= | publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] | year=1994 | url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/WR94/Helsinki-20.htm | title= Human Rights Watch World Report: Tajikistan | accessdate=2nd November | accessyear=2006 }}</ref> The organization [[Human Rights Watch]] among others, reported that Gharmis were targeted for [[execution]], [[disappearances]], mass killings, and Gharmi villages were burnt.<ref name=hrw/><ref name=Hiro>[[Dilip Hiro]]. ''Between Marx and Muhammad'', [[HarperCollins]]. ([[London]], 1995).</ref><ref name=Rashid>[[Ahmed Rashid]]. ''The Resurgence of Central Asia''. [[Oxford University Press]]. [[Karachi]]. 1994</ref><ref name=deng>{{ cite web | author= | publisher=[[United Nations]] | date=[[24 October]][[1996]] | url=http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/51/plenary/a51-483add1.htm | title= Human Rights Questions: Human Rights Situations And Reports Of Special Rapporteurs And Representatives | accessdate=9th November | accessyear=2006 }}</ref> During the fall and winter of 1992 as many as 90,000 Gharmis and [[Pamiris]] were expelled from their homes and found refugee in [[Afghanistan]] in a campaign described by the [[United States Department of State]] as a [[pogrom]].<ref name=us>{{ cite web | author= | publisher= [[U.S. Department of State]] | date= [[31 January]][[1994]] | url= http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_eur/Tajikistan.html | title=Tajikistan Human Rights Practices, 1993 | accessdate=9th November | accessyear=2006 }}</ref> This was followed by heavy fighting in the Rasht Valley between government and opposition forces that led to the destruction of villages.<ref name=deng/><ref name=us/> There is evidence that [[rape]] was used by both sides during this campaign.<ref name=us/> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in Tajikistan]] {{Asia-ethno-group-stub}} {{Tajikistan-stub}}