Glove
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<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Glove.png|thumb|A gardening glove]] -->
[[Image:Glovesvanda.jpg|thumb||Pair of gloves, 1603-1625 V&A Museum no.1506&A-1882]]
[[Image:Gloves2.jpg|thumb|Leather gloves]]
A '''glove''' ([[Middle English]] from [[Old English language|Old English]] ''glof'') is a type of [[garment]] (and more specifically a [[fashion accessory]]) which covers the [[hand]] of a [[human]]. Gloves have separate sheaths or openings for each [[finger]] and the [[thumb]]; if there is an opening but no covering sheath for each finger they are called "fingerless gloves". Fingerless gloves with one large opening rather than individual openings for each finger are sometimes called [[Gauntlet (gloves)|gauntlet]]s. Gloves which cover the entire hand but do not have separate finger openings or sheaths are called '''mittens'''. Mittens are almost always warmer than gloves made of the same material because fingers maintain their warmth better when they are in contact with each other. As well, the reduced surface area means that there is less heat loss.
There is also a hybrid of glove and mitten which contains open-ended sheaths for the four fingers (as in a fingerless glove, but not the thumb) and also an additional compartment encapsulating the four fingers as a mitten would. This compartment can be lifted off the fingers and folded back to allow the individual fingers ease of movement and access while the hand remains covered. The usual design is for the mitten cavity to be stitched onto the back of the fingerless glove only, allowing it to be flipped over (normally held back by [[Velcro]] or a button) to transform the garment from a mitten to a glove.
Gloves can serve to protect and comfort the hands of the wearer against cold or heat, physical damage by friction, abrasion or chemicals, and disease; or in turn to provide a guard for what a bare hand should not touch. [[Latex]], [[nitrile rubber]] or [[vinyl]] disposable gloves are often worn by [[health profession|health care professionals]] as hygiene and contamination protection measures. Police officers often wear them to work in crime scenes to prevent destroying [[evidence]] in the scene. Many criminals also wear these gloves to avoid leaving [[fingerprint]]s, which makes the crime investigation more difficult.
Fingerless gloves are useful for bikers and where [[dexterity]] is required that gloves would restrict. [[Cigarette]] [[Tobacco smoking|smoker]]s and [[church]] [[organist]]s often use fingerless gloves. Some gloves include a [[Gauntlet (gloves)|gauntlet]] that extends partway up the arm. [[Cycling gloves]] for road racing or touring are usually fingerless.
Gloves have been made of many materials including [[cloth]], [[knitting|knitted]] or [[felt]]ed [[wool]], [[leather]], [[rubber]], [[latex]], [[neoprene]], and [[metal]] (as in [[mail (armour)|mail]]). Modern gloves made of [[kevlar]] protect the wearer from cuts. Gloves and gauntlets are also integral components of [[pressure suit]]s and [[spacesuits]] such as the [[Apollo/Skylab A7L]] which went to the moon. Spacesuit gloves must combine extreme toughness and environmental protection with a degree of sensitivity and flexibility if the astronaut is to do any manual work.
Today gloves are made around the world. Most expensive women's fashion gloves are still made in [[France]], with some made in [[Canada]]. For cheaper male gloves [[New York State]], especially [[Gloversville, New York]] is still a world centre of glove manufacturing. More and more glove manufacturing is being done in East Asia, however.
== History ==
[[Image:Disposable nitrile glove.jpg|thumb|A disposable nitrile glove]]Gloves appear to be of great antiquity. According to some translations of [[Homer]]'s ''The Odyssey'', [[Laërtes]] is described as wearing gloves while walking in his [[garden]] so as to avoid the [[bramble]]s.<ref name="brit">"Gloves." [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition]]</ref> (Other translations, however, insist that Laertes pulled his long sleeves over his hands.) [[Herodotus]], in ''The History of Herodotus'' ([[440 BC]]), tells how [[Leotychides]] was incriminated by a glove ([[Gauntlet (gloves)|gauntlet]]) full of [[silver]] that he received as a bribe.<ref>http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.6.vi.html The History of Herodotus by Herodotus, Volume VI, at classics.mit.edu</ref> Among the Romans also there are occasional references to the use of gloves. According to [[Pliny the Younger]] (ca. [[100]]), his uncle's shorthand writer wore gloves during the winter so as not to impede the elder [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny's]] work.<ref>http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/pliny-letters.html Pliny the Younger: Selected Letters</ref>
During the [[13th century]], gloves began to be worn by [[lady|ladies]] as a fashion [[fashion|ornament]].<ref name="brit"/> They were made of linen and silk, and sometimes reached to the elbow.<ref name="brit"/> Such worldly accoutrements were not for holy women, according to the early thirteenth-century ''[[Ancrene Wisse]]'', written for their guidance.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ed. ''Ancrene Wisse'', 8. ''The English Text of the Ancrene Riwle: Ancrene Wisse'' (Early English Text Society, CCXLIX) London 1962, noted by Diane Bornstein, ''The Lady in the Tower'' (Hamden, Connecticut) 1983:25 note 4.</ref> [[Sumptuary law]]s were promulgated to restrain this vanity: against [[samite]] gloves in Bologna, 1294, against perfumed gloves in Rome, 1560.<ref>Marjorie O'Rourke Boyle, "Coquette at the Cross? Magdalen in the Master of the Bartholomew Altar's Deposition at the Louvre" ''Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, '''59'''.4 (1996:573-577) assembles numerous historical references to gloves, with bibliography.</ref>
A Paris ''corporation'' or [[guild]] of glovers (''gantiers'') existed from the thirteenth century. They made them in skin or in fur.<ref>Etienne-Martin Saint-Léon, ''Histoire des corporation de métiers depuis leurs origines jusqu'àleur suppression en 1791'' (Paris) 1922, noted by Boyle 1996:174:10.</ref>
It was not until the [[16th century]] that they reached their greatest elaboration, however, when [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]] set the fashion for wearing them richly embroidered and jeweled,<ref name="brit"/> and for putting them on and taking them off during audiences, to draw attention to her beautiful hands.<ref>Roy C. Strong, ''Portraits of Queen Elizabeth I'' (Oxford) 1963:18f.</ref> In Paris, the ''gantiers'' became ''gantiers parfumeurs'', for the scented oils, [[musk]], [[ambergris]] and [[civet]], that perfumed leather gloves, but their trade, which was an introduction at the court of [[Catherine de' Medici]],<ref>[[Charles VIII of France]] received some gloves that were scented with powder of violet, but they were not of French making (Boyle 1996:174).</ref> was not specifically recognised until 1656, in a royal ''brevet''. Makers of knitted gloves, which did not retain perfume and had less social cachet, were organised in a separate guild, of ''bonnetiers''<ref>In the earliest usage, ''bonnet'' was the woolen thread worked by hand with the needle or a [[spindle (textiles)|spindle]] (Boyle 1996:174).</ref> who might knit silk as well as wool. Such workers were already organised in the fourteenth century. Knitted gloves were a refined handiwork that required five years of apprenticeship; defective work was subject to confiscation and burning.<ref>Boyle 1996:174</ref>
Embroidered and jeweled gloves also formed part of the insignia of emperors and kings. Thus [[Matthew of Paris]], in recording the burial of [[Henry II of England]] in [[1189]], mentions that he was buried in his coronation robes with a golden crown on his head and gloves on his hands.<ref name="brit"/> Gloves were also found on the hands of [[John of England|King John]] when his tomb was opened in [[1797]] and on those of [[Edward I of England|King Edward I]] when his tomb was opened in [[1774]].<ref name="brit"/>
Pontifical gloves are [[liturgy|liturgical]] ornaments used primarily by the pope, the cardinals, and bishops.<ref name="brit"/> They may be worn only at the celebration of mass.<ref name="brit"/> The liturgical use of gloves has not been traced beyond the beginning of the [[10th century]], and their introduction may have been due to a simple desire to keep the hands clean for the holy mysteries, but others suggest that they were adopted as part of the increasing pomp with which the Carolingian bishops were surrounding themselves.<ref name="brit"/> From the Frankish kingdom the custom spread to Rome, where liturgical gloves are first heard of in the earlier half of the [[11th century]].<ref name="brit"/>
Latex gloves, ubiquitous in surgery and forensics, were developed by the [[Australia]]n [[Ansell]] company. It is also widely believed that vanilla essence can preserve gardening gloves during winter (and spring) months. The fabrics include: rubber, cotton, wool and plastic.
==Standards==
There are a number of different European standards that relate to gloves. These include:
* BS EN388- Mechanical hazards including Abrasion, cut, tear and puncture.
*BS EN374-2- Micro-organisms
*BS EN374-3- Chemicals
*BS EN420- General requirements for gloves includes sizing and a number of health and safety aspects including latex protein and chromium levels.
*BS EN60903- Electric shock
*BS EN407- Heat resistance
*BS EN511- Cold resistance
*BS EN1149- Antistatic
These exist to fulfill the PPE requirements.
PPE places gloves into three categories:
* Minimal risk - End user can easily identify risk. Risk is low.
* Complex design- Used situations that can cause serious injury or death.
* Intermediate - Gloves that don't fit into minimal risk or complex design categories.
[[Image:Goalkeeperglove pano FCB981.jpg|thumb|400px|center|A [[Goalkeeper glove]] from different angles]]
==Fingerless gloves==
Fingerless gloves (or glovelettes) are garments worn on the hands which resemble regular gloves in most ways, except that the finger columns are half-length and opened, allowing the tops of the wearer's fingers to emerge through.
===Design and use===
Fingerless gloves are often padded in the palm area, to provide protection to the hand, and the exposed fingers do not interfere with sensation or gripping. In contrast to traditional gloves, often worn for warmth, fingerless gloves will often have a ventilated back to allow the hands to cool; this is commonly seen in weightlifting gloves.
Fingerless gloves are also worn by bikers as a means to better grip the handlebars, as well as by skateboarders and rollerbladers, to protect the palms of the hands and add grip in the event of a fall. Some anglers, particularly fly fishermen, favor fingerless gloves to allow manipulation of line and tackle in cooler conditions.
===Fashion===
Fingerless gloves are usually leather and have a distinct appearance. Much like rocker jackets, they are sometimes worn by people who wish to display a certain sense of rebellion, recklessness, "toughness" or general disregard for the standards of society (such as John Bender in [[The Breakfast Club]]). This is why they are quite common in heavy metal and punk fashion and are sometimes decorated with metal studs or spikes. Some non-conformist individuals would wear a single glove on one hand leaving the other hand glove-less.
A woolen variety became popular in the early 1980s, largely due to the example of English pop star Nik Kershaw.
Fingerless gloves are also known as "hobo gloves", due to their association with homeless people.
==Types of glove==
[[Image:STS-118 glove damage.jpg|thumb|Tear in space glove during [[STS-118]]]]
===Commercial and industrial===
* [[Barbed wire]] handler's gloves
* [[Chainsaw]] gloves
* Fireman's gauntlets
* [[Rubber glove|Disposable gloves]]
* [[Medical gloves]]
* [[Welder]]'s gloves
* [[Aircrew]] gloves: fire resistant
* [[Sandblasting]] gloves
* [[Gardening gloves]]
* [[Impact gloves]]
===Sport and recreational===
[[Image:NAMA Akrotiri 2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Minoan civilization|Minoan]] youths boxing , [[Knossos]] fresco. Earliest documented use of gloves.]]
* [[American football]] various position gloves
* [[Archery|Archer]]'s glove
* [[Baseball glove]] or ''catcher's mitt'': in [[baseball]], the players in the field wear gloves to help them to catch the ball and prevent injury to their hands.
* [[Billiards]] glove
* [[Boxing gloves]]: a specialized padded mitten
* [[Cricket]] gloves
** The [[wicket keeper]] wears large webbed gloves, similar to those used in baseball.
** The [[batsmen]] wear gloves with heavy padding on the back, to protect the fingers from being struck with the ball.
* [[Cycling gloves]]
* [[Driving]] gloves - often leather to improve grip on the [[steering wheel]].
* Eating glove
* [[Football (soccer)|Football]] - [[Goalkeeper glove]]
* [[Fencing (sport)|fencing]] glove
* [[Falconry]] glove
* [[Gardening]] glove
* [[Golf_equipment#Gloves|Golf glove]]
* [[Glove (hockey)|Ice hockey]] mitt
* [[Horseback riding|Riding]] gloves
* [[Lacrosse glove]]s
* [[Kendo]] Kote
* Paintball Glove
* [[Motorcycling gloves]]
* [[Scuba diving]] gloves :
** cotton gloves; good abrasion but no thermal protection
** wet gloves; made of neoprene and allowing water entry
** dry gloves; made of rubber with a latex wrist seal to prevent water entry
* [[Wired glove]]
* Oven gloves - or Oven mitts, are used when cooking
* Washing glove: a tool for [[washing]] the body (one's own, or of a [[child]], a [[patient]], a [[lover]]).
* Wheelchair gloves - for users of manual [[Wheelchair]]s
* [[Power Glove]] - an alternate controller for use with the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]]
==Mittens==
Contrary to popular belief, mittens are not actually gloves<ref name="brit"/> They are actually a cloth covering that separates the thumb from the other four fingers. They are mostly woolly, and many of them have different colors and designs.
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Commons|Glove|Gloves}}
{{wiktionary |mitt}}
{{wiktionary |mitten}}
{{wiktionary |glove}}
{{1911}}
[[Category:Gloves]]
[[Category:Protective gear]]
[[Category:Protestant vestments]]
[[Category:Types of clothing]]
[[da:Handske]]
[[de:Handschuh]]
[[es:Guante]]
[[eo:Ganto]]
[[fr:Gant]]
[[io:Ganto]]
[[it:Guanto]]
[[he:כפפה]]
[[hu:Kesztyű]]
[[nl:Handschoen]]
[[cr:Ashtish]]
[[ja:手袋]]
[[no:Hansker]]
[[pl:Rękawiczki]]
[[pt:Luva]]
[[ru:Перчатки]]
[[simple:Glove]]
[[sr:Рукавица]]
[[sv:Handskar]]
[[tg:Дастпӯшак]]
[[yi:הענטשוך]]
[[zh:手套]]