Glycogen synthase
2794989
196371276
2008-03-06T21:01:37Z
136.165.68.113
{{protein
|Name=glycogen synthase 1 (muscle)
|caption=
|image=
|width=
|HGNCid=4706
|Symbol=GYS1
|AltSymbols=GYS
|EntrezGene=2997
|OMIM=138570
|RefSeq=NM_002103
|UniProt=P13807
|PDB=
|ECnumber=2.4.1.11
|Chromosome=19
|Arm=q
|Band=13.3
|LocusSupplementaryData=
}}
{{protein
|Name=glycogen synthase 2 (liver)
|caption=
|image=
|width=
|HGNCid=4707
|Symbol=GYS2
|AltSymbols=
|EntrezGene=2998
|OMIM=138571
|RefSeq=NM_021957
|UniProt=P54840
|PDB=
|ECnumber=2.4.1.11
|Chromosome=12
|Arm=p
|Band=12.2
|LocusSupplementaryData=-11.2
}}
'''Glycogen synthase''' ('''UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase'''') is a [[glycosyltransferase]] [[enzyme]] ([[EC number]] 2.4.1) that catalyses the reaction of [[UDP-glucose]] and (1,4-<span style="font-family: Serif; font-size: 120%;">α</span>-D-glucosyl)<sub>n</sub> to yield [[Uridine diphosphate|UDP]] and (1,4-<span style="font-family: Serif; font-size: 120%;">α</span>-D-glucosyl)<sub>n+1</sub>.
In other words, this enzyme converts excess [[glucose]] [[residue]]s one by one into a polymeric chain for storage as [[glycogen]]. Its presence in the bloodstream is highest in the 30 to 60 minutes following intense exercise. It is a key enzyme in [[glycogenesis]].
==Regulation==
The reaction is highly regulated by allosteric effectors such as [[glucose-6-phosphate]], by phosphorylation reactions, and indirectly triggered by the hormone [[insulin]], which is secreted by the [[pancreas]]. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase decreases its activity.
==Pathology==
A deficiency is associated with [[glycogen storage disease type 0]].
==References==
*{{cite web|last=Newcastle University Centre for Cancer Education|url=http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?glycogen+synthetase|title=Glycogen synthetase|date=[[October 9]], [[1997]]|accessdate=2007-11-05}}
{{transferase-stub}}
{{Glycosyltransferases}}
{{Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis}}
[[category:carbohydrates]]
[[Category:Transferases]]
[[Category:EC 2.4.1]]
[[de:Glykogen-Synthase]]
[[pt:Glicogénio sintase]]