Glycogen synthase 2794989 196371276 2008-03-06T21:01:37Z 136.165.68.113 {{protein |Name=glycogen synthase 1 (muscle) |caption= |image= |width= |HGNCid=4706 |Symbol=GYS1 |AltSymbols=GYS |EntrezGene=2997 |OMIM=138570 |RefSeq=NM_002103 |UniProt=P13807 |PDB= |ECnumber=2.4.1.11 |Chromosome=19 |Arm=q |Band=13.3 |LocusSupplementaryData= }} {{protein |Name=glycogen synthase 2 (liver) |caption= |image= |width= |HGNCid=4707 |Symbol=GYS2 |AltSymbols= |EntrezGene=2998 |OMIM=138571 |RefSeq=NM_021957 |UniProt=P54840 |PDB= |ECnumber=2.4.1.11 |Chromosome=12 |Arm=p |Band=12.2 |LocusSupplementaryData=-11.2 }} '''Glycogen synthase''' ('''UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase'''') is a [[glycosyltransferase]] [[enzyme]] ([[EC number]] 2.4.1) that catalyses the reaction of [[UDP-glucose]] and (1,4-<span style="font-family: Serif; font-size: 120%;">&alpha;</span>-D-glucosyl)<sub>n</sub> to yield [[Uridine diphosphate|UDP]] and (1,4-<span style="font-family: Serif; font-size: 120%;">&alpha;</span>-D-glucosyl)<sub>n+1</sub>. In other words, this enzyme converts excess [[glucose]] [[residue]]s one by one into a polymeric chain for storage as [[glycogen]]. Its presence in the bloodstream is highest in the 30 to 60 minutes following intense exercise. It is a key enzyme in [[glycogenesis]]. ==Regulation== The reaction is highly regulated by allosteric effectors such as [[glucose-6-phosphate]], by phosphorylation reactions, and indirectly triggered by the hormone [[insulin]], which is secreted by the [[pancreas]]. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase decreases its activity. ==Pathology== A deficiency is associated with [[glycogen storage disease type 0]]. ==References== *{{cite web|last=Newcastle University Centre for Cancer Education|url=http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?glycogen+synthetase|title=Glycogen synthetase|date=[[October 9]], [[1997]]|accessdate=2007-11-05}} {{transferase-stub}} {{Glycosyltransferases}} {{Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis}} [[category:carbohydrates]] [[Category:Transferases]] [[Category:EC 2.4.1]] [[de:Glykogen-Synthase]] [[pt:Glicogénio sintase]]