Golgi cell 2486212 215329480 2008-05-27T18:51:26Z DOI bot 6652755 Citation maintenance. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]]. {{Infobox Anatomy | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | Latin = | GraySubject = | GrayPage = | Image = CerebCircuit.png | Caption = Microcircuitry of the cerebellum. [[Excitatory synapses]] are denoted by (+) and [[inhibitory synapses]] by (-).<BR>MF: [[Mossy fiber]].<BR>DCN: [[Deep cerebellar nuclei]].<BR>IO: [[Inferior olivary nucleus|Inferior olive]].<BR>CF: [[Climbing fiber]].<BR>GC: [[Granule cell]].<BR>PF: [[Parallel fiber]].<BR>PC: [[Purkinje cell]].<BR>GgC: [[Golgi cell]].<BR>SC: [[Stellate cell]].<BR>BC: [[Basket cell]]. | Image2 = | Caption2 = | System = | MeshName = | MeshNumber = | DorlandsPre = c_18 | DorlandsSuf = 12223524 | }} In [[neuroscience]], '''Golgi cells''' are [[Inhibitory postsynaptic potential | inhibitory]] [[interneurons]] found within the [[Cerebellum#Granular_Layer|granular layer]] of the [[cerebellum]]. These [[Cell (biology) | cell]]s synapse onto the [[soma (biology) | soma]] of [[granule cell]]s and unipolar brush cells. They receive excitatory input from [[mossy fibres]], also synapsing on [[granule cells]], and [[parallel fiber]]s, which are long granule cell axons. Thereby this circuitry allows for feed-forward and feed-back inhibition of granule cells. The main synapse made by these cells is a synapse onto the [[Mossy fiber (cerebellum) | mossy fibre]] - granule cell excitatory synapse in a glomerulus. The glomerulus is made up of the mossy fibre terminal, granule cell [[dendrite | dendrites]], the golgi terminal and is enclosed by a glial coat.<ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 3213958 | author = [[R. L. Jakab]] and [[J. Hámori]] | year = 1988 | title = Quantitative morphology and synaptology of cerebellar glomeruli in the rat | journal = [[ Anatomy and Embryology]] | volume = 179 | issue = 1 | pages = 81–88 | doi = 10.1007/BF00305102 | url = http://www.springerlink.com/content/qtu8wn5xk408141g/ }}</ref> The golgi cell acts by altering the mossy fibre - granule cell synapse. The golgi cells use [[Gamma-aminobutyric acid | GABA]] as their transmitter. The basal level of GABA produces a postsynaptic leak conductance by tonically activating alpha 6-containing GABA-A receptors on the granule cell.<ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 9003560 | author = Brickley SG, Cull-Candy SG, Farrant M | year = 1996 | title = Development of a tonic form of synaptic inhibition in rat cerebellar granule cells resulting from persistent activation of GABAA receptors | journal = [[J Physiol (Lond)]] | volume = 497 | pages = 753–759 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | url = http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/16/11/3630 | author = Tia S, Wang JF, Kotchabhakdi N, Vicini S | year = 1996 | title = Developmental changes of inhibitory synaptic currents in cerebellar granule neurons: role of GABAA receptor alpha 6 subunit | journal = [[Journal of Neuroscience]] | volume = 16 | pages = 3630–3640 | pmid = 8642407 | format = abstract }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 9104595 | author = Wall MJ, Usowicz MM | year = 1997 | title = Development of action potential-dependent and independent spontaneous GABAA receptor-mediated currents in granule cells of postnatal rat cerebellum | journal = [[European Journal of Neuroscience]] | volume = 9 | pages = 533–548 | doi = 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01630.x }}</ref> These high-affinity receptors are located both synaptically and extrasynaptically on the granule cell. The synaptic receptors mediate phasic contraction, duration of around 20-30ms whereas the extrasynapatic receptors mediate tonic inhibiton of around 200ms, and are activated by synapse spill over.<ref>{{Cite journal | url = http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/18/5/1693 | author = Nusser Z, Sieghart W, Somogyi P | year = 1998 | title = Segregation of different GABAA receptors to synaptic and extrasynaptic membranes of cerebellar granule cells | journal = [[Journal of Neuroscience]] | volume = 18 | pages = 1693–1703 | pmid = 9464994 | format = abstract }}</ref> Additionally the GABA acts on GABA-B receptors which are located presynaptically on the mossy fibre terminal. These inhibit the mossy fibre evoked [[Excitatory postsynaptic potential | EPSCs ]] of the granule cell in a temperature and frequency dependent manner. At high mossy firing frequency (10Hz) there is no effect of GABA acting on presynaptic GABA-B receptors on evoked EPSCs. However, at low (1Hz) firing the GABA does have an effect on the EPSCs mediated via these presynaptic GABA-B receptors. == References == {{Reflist}} {{Cell-biology-stub}} {{Cerebellum}} [[Category:CNS neurons]] [[Category:Cerebellum]] [[Category:Cells]]