Gospel 12627 226061903 2008-07-16T17:35:21Z Carlaude 4622434 {{Christianityportal}} {{otheruses}} In [[Christianity]], a '''gospel''' (from Old English, "[[Good news (Christianity)|good news]]") is generally one of four [[Biblical canon|canonical]] books of the [[New Testament]] that describe the birth, life, ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection of [[Jesus]]. These books are the Gospels according to [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] and [[Gospel of John|John]], written between 65 and 100 AD.<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> More generally, the term refers to works of a [[genre]] of Early Christian [[literature]]<ref>Peter Stuhlmacher, ed., ''Das Evangelium und die Evangelien'', [[Tübingen]] 1983, also in English: ''The Gospel and the Gospels''</ref>. It originally meant the "glad tidings" of redemption.<ref name ="Oxford:unspecified">Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005, unspecified article</ref> The first canonical gospel written is Mark (''c'' 65-70), which in turn was used as a source for the gospels of Matthew and Luke.<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> Matthew and Luke may have also used the hypothetical [[Q document|Q source]].<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> These first three gospels are called the [[synoptic gospels]] because they share a similar view.<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> The last gospel, the gospel of John, presents a very different picture of Jesus and his ministry from the synoptics.<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> The canonical gospels were originally written in Greek.<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> The synoptic gospels are the source of many popular stories, parables, and sermons, such as Jesus' humble birth in Bethlehem, the [[Sermon on the Mount]], the [[Beatitudes]], the [[Last Supper]], and the [[Great Commission]]. John provides a theological description of Jesus as the eternal Word, the unique savior of humanity. All four attest to his Sonship, miraculous power, crucifixion, and resurrection. Other gospels circulated in early Christianity. Some, such as the [[Gospel of Thomas]], lack the narrative framework typical of a gospel.<ref name ="Oxford:unspecified"/> These gospels are later than the canonical gospels, though in the case of Thomas, scholarship is divided on this point. {{fixhtml|BEG}} {{Christianity}} {{fixhtml|MID}} {{Gospel Jesus}} {{fixhtml|END}} == Etymology == The word ''gospel'' derives from the [[Old English language|Old English]] ''god-spell'' (rarely ''godspel''), meaning "good tidings" or "[[Good news (Christianity)|good news]]". It is a [[calque]] (word-for-word translation) of the [[Koine Greek|Greek]] word {{lang|grc|εὐαγγέλιον}}, ''[[Good news (Christianity)|euangelion]]'' (''eu-'' "good", ''-angelion'' "message"). The Greek word ''"euangelion"'' is also the source of the term "evangelist" in English. The authors of the four canonical Christian gospels are known as the four evangelists. Before the first gospel was written (Mark, ''c'' 65-70)<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref>, [[Paul the Apostle]] used the term {{lang|grc|εὐαγγέλιον}} "gospel" when he reminded the people of the church at [[Corinth]] "of the gospel I preached to you" ([[First Epistle to the Corinthians|1 Corinthians]] 15.1). Paul averred that they were being [[Salvation|saved]] by the gospel, and he characterized it in the simplest terms, emphasizing [[Resurrection appearances of Jesus|Christ's appearances after the Resurrection]] (15.3 &ndash; 8): {{quotation|...that Christ died for our sins according to the [[Old Testament|scriptures]]; And that he was buried; and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures; And that he was seen of [[Saint Peter|Cephas]]; then of the [[Twelve Apostles|Twelve]]: After that, he was seen of above five hundred brethren at once: of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some have fallen asleep. After that he was seen of [[James the Just|James]], then of all the apostles. Last of all, he was seen of me also, as one born out of due time.}} The earliest extant use of {{lang|grc|εὐαγγέλιον}} "gospel" to denote a particular genre of writing dates to the 2nd century. [[Justin Martyr]] (c. 155) in [http://earlychristianwritings.com/text/justinmartyr-firstapology.html 1 Apology] 66 wrote: "...the apostles, in the memoirs composed by them, which are called Gospels". [[Henry Barclay Swete]]'s ''Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek'', pages [http://rosetta.reltech.org/cgi-bin/Ebind2html/TC/SweteIntro?seq=470 456]-[http://rosetta.reltech.org/cgi-bin/Ebind2html/TC/SweteIntro?seq=471 457] states: :{{lang|grc|Εὐαγγέλιον}} in the [[Septuagint|LXX]] occurs only in the plural, and perhaps only in the classical sense of 'a reward for good tidings' ({{bibleverse|2|Sam|4:10}} [also {{bibleverse-nb|2|Sam|18:20}}, {{bibleverse-nb|2|Sam|18:22}}, {{bibleverse-nb|2|Sam|18:25-27}}, {{bibleverse|2|Kings|7:9}}]); in the [[New Testament|N.T.]] it is from the first appropriated to the Messianic good tidings ({{bibleverse||Mark|1:1}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Mark|1:14}}), probably deriving this new meaning from the use of {{polytonic|εὐαγγελίζεσθαι}} in {{bibleverse||Isa|40:9}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Isa|52:7}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Isa|60:6}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Isa|61:1}}. In the [[New Testament]], the "gospel" meant the proclamation of [[Good news (Christianity)|God's saving activity]] in [[Jesus]] of [[Nazareth]], or the [[agape]] [[Ministry of Jesus|message proclaimed]] by Jesus of Nazareth. This is the original [[New Testament]] usage (for example {{bibleverse||Mark|1:14-15}} or {{bibleverse|1|Corinthians|15:1-9}}; see also [http://www.blueletterbible.org/cgi-bin/words.pl?word=2098 Strong's G2098]). The word is still used in this sense. == Canonical Gospels == Of the many gospels written in antiquity, only four gospels came to be accepted as part of the [[New Testament]], or [[Biblical canon|canonical]]. An insistence upon there being a canon of canonical four, and no others, was a central theme of [[Irenaeus of Lyons]], c. 185. In his central work, ''[[On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis|Adversus Haereses]]'' Irenaeus denounced various early Christian groups that used only one gospel, such as [[Marcionism]] which used only [[Gospel of Marcion|Marcion's version of Luke]], or the [[Ebionites]] which seem to have used an [[Aramaic]] version of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] as well as groups that embraced the texts of newer revelations, such as the [[Valentinius|Valentinians]] (''A.H.'' 1.11). Irenaeus declared that the four he espoused were the four [[Pillars of the Church]]: "it is not possible that there can be either more or fewer than four" he stated, presenting as logic the [[analogy]] of the four corners of the earth and the four winds (3.11.8). His image, taken from ''[[Ezekiel]]'' 1, of God's throne borne by four creatures with four faces—"the four had the face of a man, and the face of a lion, on the right side: and the four had the face of an ox on the left side; they four also had the face of an eagle"—equivalent to the "four-formed" gospel, is the origin of the conventional symbols of the Evangelists: lion, bull, eagle, man. Irenaeus was ultimately successful in declaring that the four gospels collectively, and exclusively these four, contained the truth. By reading each gospel in light of the others, Irenaeus made of ''John'' a lens through which to read ''Matthew'', ''Mark'' and ''Luke''. By the turn of the [[5th century]], the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] in the west, under [[Pope Innocent I]], recognized a [[biblical canon]] including the four gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, which was previously established at a number of regional Synods, namely the [[Council of Rome]] (382), the [[Synod of Hippo]] (393), and two [[Synods of Carthage]] (397 and 419).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.catholicevangelism.org/bible-dates1.shtml| title = Protestantism: A Historical and Spiritual Wrong Way Turn| accessdate = 2006-07-11| last = Pogorzelski| first = Frederick| year = 2006| work = Bible Dates| publisher = CatholicEvangelism.com| pages = 1}}</ref> This canon, which corresponds to the modern Catholic canon, was used in the [[Vulgate]], an early 5th century translation of the Bible made by [[Jerome]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03274a.htm| title = Canon of the New Testament| accessdate = 2006-07-11| year = 1908| work = Catholic Encyclopedia| publisher = NewAdvent.com}}</ref> under the commission of [[Pope Damasus I]] in 382. * [[Gospel according to Matthew]] * [[Gospel according to Mark]] * [[Gospel according to Luke]] * [[Gospel according to John]] === Origin of the canonical Gospels === {{main|Synoptic problem}} The dominant view today is that Mark is the first Gospel, with Matthew and Luke borrowing passages both from that Gospel and from at least one other common source, lost to history, termed by scholars '[[Q document|Q]]' (from [[German language|German]]: ''Quelle'', meaning "source"). This view is known as the "[[Two-Source Hypothesis]]". John was written last and shares little with the synoptic gospels. The general consensus among biblical scholars is that all four canonical Gospels were originally written in [[Greek language|Greek]], the [[lingua franca]] of the Roman Orient. ====Dating==== Estimates for the dates when the canonical Gospel accounts were written vary significantly; and the evidence for any of the dates is scanty. Because the earliest surviving complete copies of the Gospels date to the [[4th century]] and because only fragments and quotations exist before that, scholars use [[higher criticism]] to propose likely ranges of dates for the original gospel autographs. Scholars variously assess the consensus or majority view as follows: * '''Mark''': c. 68&ndash;73,<ref name="Brown">[[Raymond E. Brown]]. An Introduction to the New Testament.</ref> ''c'' 65-70<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> * '''Matthew''': c. 70&ndash;100.<ref name="Brown"/> ''c'' 80-85.<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> Some conservative scholars argue for a pre-70 date, particularly those that do not accept Mark as the first gospel written. * '''Luke''': c. 80&ndash;100, with most arguing for somewhere around 85,<ref name="Brown"/>, ''c'' 80-85<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> * '''John''': ''c'' 90-100,<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> c. 90&ndash;110,<ref>C K Barrett, among others.</ref> The majority view is that it was written in stages, so there was no one date of composition. Traditional Christian scholarship has generally preferred to assign earlier dates. Some historians interpret the end of the book of Acts as indicative, or at least suggestive, of its date; as Acts does not mention the death of [[Paul of Tarsus|Paul]], generally accepted as the author of many of the Epistles, who was later put to death by the Romans c. 65.{{Fact|date=December 2007}} Acts is attributed to the author of the Gospel of Luke, and therefore would shift the chronology of authorship back, putting Mark as early as the mid 50s. Here are the dates given in the modern [[NIV Study Bible]] (''for a fuller discussion see [[Augustinian hypothesis]]''): * '''Mark''': c. 50s to early 60s, or late 60s * '''Matthew''': c. 50 to 70s * '''Luke''': c. 59 to 63, or 70s to 80s * '''John''': c. 85 to near 100, or 50s to 70 ====Location==== Matthew was probably written in Syria, perhaps in Antioch,<ref name="Harris"/> an ancient Christian center. Mark has traditionally been associated with Peter's preaching in Rome, and it is well-suited to a Roman audience.<ref name="Harris"/> Various cities have been proposed for the origin of Luke, but there is no consensus on the matter. Ephesus is a popular scholarly choice for the place of origin for the Gospel of John.<ref name="Harris"/> ===Content of the Gospels=== The four gospels present different narratives, reflecting different intents on the parts of their authors.<ref name = "mvkcgb">Ehrman. Misquoting Jesus.</ref> All four gospels portray Jesus as leading a group of disciples, performing miracles, preaching in Jerusalem, being crucified, and rising from the dead. The synoptic gospels represent Jesus as an exorcist and healer who preached in parables about the coming Kingdom of God. He preached first in Galilee and later in Jerusalem, where he cleansed the temple. He states that he offers no sign as proof (Mark) or only the sign of Jonah (Matthew and Luke).<ref name = "5G">[[Robert W. Funk|Funk, Robert W.]], Roy W. Hoover, and the Jesus Seminar. ''The five gospels.'' HarperSanFrancisco. 1993.</ref> In Mark, apparently written with a Roman audience in mind, Jesus is a heroic man of action, given to powerful emotions, including agony.<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> In Matthew, apparently written for a Jewish audience, Jesus is repeatedly called out as the fulfillment of Hebrew prophecy.<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> In Luke, apparently written for gentiles, Jesus is especially concerned with the poor.<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> Luke emphasizes the importance of prayer and the action of the Holy Spirit in Jesus' life and in the Christian community.<ref name = "tggkjn">Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005, article ''Luke, Gospel of St''</ref> He appears as a stoic supernatural being, unmoved even by his own crucifixion.<ref name = "mvkcgb"/> Luke insists that salvation offered by Christ is for all, and not the Jews only.<ref name = "tggkjn"/> The Gospel of John represents Jesus as an incarnation of the eternal Word (Logos), who spoke no parables, talked extensively about himself, and did not explicitly refer to a Second Coming.<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> Jesus preaches in Jerusalem, launching his ministry with the cleansing of the temple.<ref name ="Harris">[[Stephen L Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]], Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.</ref> He performs several miracles as signs, most of them not found in the synoptics. == Non-canonical gospels == {{main|New Testament apocrypha}} In addition to the four canonical gospels there have been other gospels that were not accepted into the canon. Generally these were not accepted due to doubt over the authorship, the time frame between the original writing and the events described, or content that was at odds with orthodoxy. For example, if a gospel claimed to be written by James, yet was authored in the second century, clearly authorship was not authentic. This differs from the four canonical gospels which historians agree were authored before 100. For this reason, most of these non-canonical texts were only ever accepted by small portions of the early Christian community. Some of the content of these non-canonical gospels (as much as it deviates from accepted theological norms) is considered [[Christian heresy|heretical]] by the leadership of mainstream churches, including the [[Roman Catholic Church|Vatican]]. Two non-canonical gospels that are considered to be among the earliest in composition are the sayings ''[[Gospel of Thomas]]'' and the narrative ''[[Gospel of Peter]]''. The dating of the Gospel of Thomas is particularly controversial, as a minority of scholars{{Who|date=October 2007}} date it to before the writing of the canonical gospels. Like the canonical gospels, scholars have to rely on higher criticism, not extant manuscripts, in order to roughly date Thomas. A genre of "[[Infancy gospel]]s" (Greek: ''protoevangelion'') arose in the 2nd century, such as the ''[[Gospel of James]]'', which introduces the concept of the [[Perpetual Virginity]] of Mary, and the ''[[Infancy Gospel of Thomas]]'' (not to be confused with the absolutely different sayings ''Gospel of Thomas''), both of which related many miraculous incidents from the life of Mary and the childhood of Jesus that are not included in the canonical gospels, but which have passed into Christian lore. Another genre that has been suppressed is that of gospel harmonies, in which the apparent discrepancies in the canonical four gospels were selectively recast to present a harmoniously consistent narrative text. Very few fragments of harmonies survived. The ''[[Diatessaron]]'' was such a harmonization, compiled by [[Tatian]] around 175. It was popular for at least two centuries in [[Syria]], but eventually it fell into disuse. [[Marcion of Sinope]], c. 150, had a version of the ''Gospel of Luke'' which differed substantially from that which has now become the standard text. Marcion's version was far less ''Jewish'' than the now canonical text, and his critics alleged that he had edited out the portions he didn't like from the canonical version, though Marcion argued that his text was the more genuinely original one. Marcion also rejected all the other gospels, including Matthew, Mark and especially John, which he alleged had been forged by Irenaeus. The existence of private knowledge, briefly referred to in the canon, and particularly in the canonical Gospel of Mark, is part of the controversy surrounding the unexpectedly discovered '' [[Secret Gospel of Mark]]''. The ''[[Gospel of Judas]]'' is another controversial and ancient text that purports to tell the story of the gospel from the perspective of Judas, the apostle who betrayed Jesus. It paints an unusual picture of the relationship between Jesus and Judas. The text was recovered from a cave in Egypt by a thief and thereafter sold on the black market until it was finally discovered by a collector who, with the help of academics from Yale and Princeton, were able to verify its authenticity. The document itself does not claim to have been authored by Judas (it is, rather, a Gospel ''about'' Judas), and dates no earlier than the second century. ==Islamic view of gospels== {{Expand-section|date=June 2008}} {{Main|Injil}} In [[Islam]], the word 'gospel' refers to the revelation given by God to the prophet [[Isa]] (Jesus). The Islamic view is that the four canonical gospels are not the same revelation that was received by Jesus. Muslims believe that both Moses and Jesus received earlier revelations and divine scripture consistent with the original message from Prophet Abraham. However, they believe that these original divine scriptures were corrupted over time through mistranslation and editing. Muslims regard the Qur’an as the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with those revealed to [[Adam (Bible)|Adam]], regarded in Islam as the first [[prophet]], and continued with the ''[[Suhuf-i-Ibrahim]]'' (Scrolls of [[Abraham]]),<ref>{{Quran-usc|87|18|end=19|style=nosup}}</ref> the ''[[Tawrat]]'' ([[Torah]]),<ref>{{Quran-usc|3|3|style=nosup}}</ref><ref>{{Quran-usc|5|44|style=nosup}}</ref> the ''[[Zabur]]'' ([[Psalms]]),<ref>{{Quran-usc|4|163|style=nosup}}</ref><ref>{{Quran-usc|17|55|style=nosup}}</ref> and the ''[[Injil|Injeel]]'' ([[Gospel]]).<ref name = QuranC5V46>{{Quran-usc|5|46|style=nosup}}</ref><ref>{{Quran-usc|5|110|style=nosup}}</ref><ref>{{Quran-usc|57|27|style=nosup}}</ref> The aforementioned books are not explicitly included in the Qur’an, but are recognized therein.<ref>{{Quran-usc|3|84|style=nosup}}</ref><ref>{{Quran-usc|4|136|style=nosup}}</ref> The Qur’an also refers<ref>"The Qur’an assumes the reader to be familiar with the traditions of the ancestors since the age of the Patriarchs, not necessarily in the version of the "Children of Israel" as described in the Bible but also in the version of the "Children of Ismail" as it was alive orally, though interspersed with polytheist elements, at the time of Muhammad. The term Jahiliya (ignorance) used for the pre-Islamic time does not mean that the Arabs were not familiar with their traditional roots but that their knowledge of ethical and spiritual values had been lost." ''Exegesis of Bible and Qur’an'', H. Krausen. http://www.geocities.com/athens/thebes/8206/hkrausen/exegesis.htm</ref> to many events from Jewish and Christian scriptures, some of which are retold in comparatively distinctive ways from the [[Bible]] and the Torah, while obliquely referring to other events described explicitly in those texts. ==See also== {{Christianityportal}} *[[List of Gospels]] *[[Agrapha]] are the collection of religious sayings attributed to Jesus Christ that are not found in the canonical gospels. *[[Godspell]] is a musical based on the gospels of Jesus Christ. ''Godspell'' is archaic English for Gospel. *[[Good news (Christianity)]] concerning the content of the Bible's message about Jesus Christ *[[Gospel harmony]] *[[Gospel (liturgy)]] *[[Gospel (stage play)]] *[[Injil]] *[[Four Evangelists]] *[[The Four Gospels]] *[[Bodmer Papyri]] *[[The Gospel According to Spiritism]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [http://www.biblegateway.com/ BibleGateway.com] has the text of the New Testament Gospels in various translations and versions * [http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/TCG/index.html A detailed discussion of the textual variants in the Gospels] &mdash; covering about 1200 variants on 2000 pages. * [http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/GNT/books.html Greek New Testament] &mdash; the Greek text of the New Testament: specifically the Westcott-Hort text from 1881, combined with the NA26/27 variants. * [http://www.westarinstitute.org/Polebridge/Title/Complete/IntroComplete/introcomplete.html Introduction to ''The Complete Gospels''] &mdash; an excerpt and information about this compilation of canonical and non-canonical gospels in translation. * [http://dubitando.no.sapo.pt/tes.htm Tessarôn Euaggeliôn Sumphônia] - The Greek harmony of the Gospels * [http://dubitando.no.sapo.pt/qevcon.htm Quattuor Evangeliorum Consonantia] - The Latin harmony of the Gospels (1) * [http://dubitando.no.sapo.pt/qevconn.htm Quattuor Evangeliorum Consonantia] - The Latin harmony of the Gospels (2) * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06655b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia article] *[http://13.1911encyclopedia.org/G/GO/GOSPEL.htm Gospel] in the 1911 [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] *[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=245&letter=N#701 Jewish Encyclopedia: New Testament: Unhistorical Character of the Gospels] *[http://seekingilm.com/archives/117 Study regarding the Injeel (Gospel)] {{Books of the Bible}} {{New Testament people|collapsed}} {{Christianityfooter}} [[Category:Biblical phrases]] [[Category:Doctrines and teachings of Jesus]] [[Category:Jesus and history]] [[Category:Canonical Gospels]] [[ar:الإنجيل]] [[az:İncil]] [[be:Евангелле]] [[be-x-old:Дабравесьце]] [[br:Aviel]] [[bg:Евангелие]] [[ca:Evangeli]] [[cs:Evangelium]] [[da:Evangelium]] [[de:Evangelium (Buch)]] [[el:Ευαγγέλιο]] [[et:Evangeelium]] [[es:Evangelio]] [[eo:Evangelio]] [[eu:Ebanjelio]] [[fo:Evangelium]] [[fr:Évangile]] [[fur:Vanzeli]] [[got:𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌴𐌻𐌾𐍉]] [[ko:복음서]] [[hsb:Ewangelij]] [[hr:Evanđelje]] [[id:Injil]] [[ia:Evangelio]] [[it:Vangelo]] [[he:בשורות]] [[jv:Injil]] [[sw:Injili]] [[ht:Levanjil]] [[la:Evangelium]] [[lv:Evanģēlijs]] [[lb:Evangelium]] [[li:Evangelie]] [[hu:Evangélium]] [[mk:Евангелие]] [[nl:Evangelie]] [[ja:福音書]] [[no:Evangeliene]] [[nn:Evangelium]] [[nrm:Évaungùile]] [[nds:Evangelium]] [[pl:Ewangelia]] [[pt:Evangelho]] [[ro:Evanghelie]] [[ru:Евангелие]] [[sq:Ungjilli]] [[scn:Vanceli]] [[simple:Gospel]] [[sl:Evangelij]] [[so:Injiil]] [[sr:Јеванђеље]] [[sv:Evangelium]] [[th:พระวรสาร]] [[tr:İncil]] [[tk:Injıl]] [[uk:Євангеліє]] [[ur:انجیل]] [[wa:Evandjîle]] [[zh:福音]]