Gothenburg 11861 226147653 2008-07-17T01:08:42Z MattiasNJ 5593528 /* Climate */ {{Infobox Settlement |name = Gothenburg |native_name = Göteborg |motto = |image_skyline = Göteborg.jpg |imagesize = |image_dot_map = Blank map of Europe cropped.svg |dot_x = 128 |dot_y = 116 |dot_map_caption = Location of Gothenburg in [[Europe]] |dot_mapsize = 280px |nickname = "Lilla London" (Little London) <br /> |image_shield = Göteborg vapen.svg |subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |subdivision_name = [[Sweden]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Municipalities of Sweden|Municipality]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Gothenburg Municipality]],<br>[[Härryda Municipality]],<br>[[Partille Municipality]] and<br>[[Mölndal Municipality]]<ref name="divided">{{cite web |title=Tätorter 2005 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |url=http://w41.scb.se/templates/Publikation____186288.asp |language=Swedish |accessdate=2008-05-15}}</ref> |subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Sweden|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Västra Götaland County]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of Sweden|Province]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Västergötland]] and [[Bohuslän]] |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = [[Göran Johansson]] |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = [[City status in Sweden|Charter]] |established_date3 = 1621 |area_footnotes = <ref name="scb">{{cite web |title=Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km<sup>2</sup> 2000 och 2005 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |url=http://www.scb.se/statistik/MI/MI0810/2005A01B/T%E4torternami0810tab1.xls |format=xls |language=Swedish |accessdate=2008-05-15}}</ref> |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 450 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = 14.5 |area_water_percent = 3.2 |area_urban_km2 = 198.16 |area_metro_km2 = 3717 |population_as_of = 2008 |population_footnotes = <ref>http://www.goteborg.se/statistik</ref><ref name="scb"/> |population_total = 494,806 |population_density_km2 = 1083 |population_metro = 896,157 |population_density_metro_km2 = 238 |population_urban = 510,491 |population_density_urban_km2 = 2576 |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |latd=57 |latm=42 |lats= |latNS=N |longd=11 |longm=58 |longs= |longEW=E |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |website = [http://www10.goteborg.se/english/ www.goteborg.se] |footnotes = }} '''Gothenburg''' ([[Swedish language|Swedish]]: {{Audio|sv-Göteborg.ogg|''Göteborg''}}) {{IPA|/jœte'bɔrj/}}) is a [[City status in Sweden|city]], a [[Municipalities of Sweden|municipality]], and an [[Urban areas of Sweden|urban area]] on the west-coast of [[Sweden]]. As of 2006, the population was 489,787 in the [[Gothenburg Municipality|municipality]] and 510,491 in the [[Gothenburg urban area|urban area]], making it the second largest city in Sweden, after [[Stockholm]] and the fifth largest amongst the [[Nordic countries]]. The [[Metropolitan Gothenburg|metropolitan area]], which is a statistical area, encompassing thirteen municipalities in western Sweden has 890,000 inhabitants. The City of Gothenburg was founded in 1621 by the King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden]]. It is situated at the mouth of [[Göta Älv]] river, which crosses the city, and is the largest sea port of the [[Nordic countries]].<ref name = "selimw">[http://www.ne.se/jsp/search/article.jsp?i_art_id=189651&i_word=G%f6teborg&i_whole_article=true&i_history=1 Swedish National Encyclopedia (password needed)]</ref> Gothenburg is also a significant university city with a large student population of both the [[University of Gothenburg]], which is [[Scandinavia]]'s largest university, and [[Chalmers University of Technology]]. ==Name== The city was named after the [[Geat]]s (Swedish: ''Götar'' varied: Geatas, Gautar, [[Goths]], Gotar, Gøtar, Götar), the inhabitants of southern Sweden - i.e. ''"Defense of the Geats"''.<ref>Hellquist, E. Svensk etymologisk ordbok. Pamp, B. Ortnamnen i Sverige. Svenska ortnamnsarkiv. AWE/Gebers serie om ortnamnen i våra landskap.</ref> The river on which the city sits is the ''Götaälv'' or Göta River. ''Göta borg'' is the fort on the Göta River, built to protect the port, which was created to be Sweden's commercial window to the west. In [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Scots language|Scots]], [[German language|German]] and [[English language|English]] — all languages with a long history of being spoken in the trade and maritime-oriented city — the name ''Gothenburg'' has traditionally been used for the city. The [[French language|French]] form of the city name is ''Gothembourg''. ''Gottenburg'' can also be seen in some older English texts. These traditional forms are now sometimes replaced with the use of the Swedish ''Göteborg'', for example by the Göteborg Opera, Göteborg Ballet, Göteborg Film Festival, and by the city itself (in English, the City of Göteborg). Many British newspapers, and the U.S. Navy, also refer to the city in English as Göteborg. Effective February 1, 2008, however, Göteborgs Universitet, previously named Göteborg University in English, changed to the [[University of Gothenburg]]. Other old variations in Swedish are ''Götheborgh'', and the most common, ''Götheborg''. ==History== {{further|[[History of Gothenburg]]}} [[Image:Historical location of Gothenburg.png|left|thumb|Gothenburg's location around 1600. (Sweden green, Denmark yellow, Norway brown)]] In the 16th and 17th century, the configuration of Sweden's borders made Gothenburg strategically important as the Swedish gateway to the west, lying on the west coast in the narrow area between the territories of [[Denmark-Norway]]. After several failed attempts, Gothenburg was successfully founded in 1621 by King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustavus Adolphus]] (Gustaf II Adolf). The city was heavily influenced by the Dutch. Dutch city planners were contracted to build the city as they had the skills needed to build in the marshy areas around the city. The town was planned after [[Netherlands|Dutch]] cities to have canals like [[Amsterdam]], and the blueprint for the canals of Gothenburg are actually the same as those used for [[Jakarta]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}} The Dutchmen initially won political power and it was not until 1652, when the last Dutch politician in the city's council died, that the [[Sweden|Swedes]] acquired political power over Gothenburg.<ref name="REF88">Henriksson, Dick and Älveby, Rustan. (1994). ''Vårt Levebröd - Göteborgregionens näringsliv Igår, I dag och I morgon''. Publisher: Akademiförlaget. Page 5. ISBN 91-24-16635-9 </ref> During the Dutch period the town followed Dutch town laws and there were propositions to make Dutch the official language in the town. Along with the Dutch, the town also was influenced by [[Scottish people|the Scottish]], that came to settle down in Gothenburg. Many became people of high profile and one such person was [[William Chalmers]], who donated his fortunes to create what later became [[Chalmers University of Technology]]. The Scottish influence can still be felt in Gothenburg in present day as names like [[Glenn]] and [[Morgan]], which in the rest of Sweden usually are rare, are not uncommon in Gothenburg, and the use of a Scottish sounding "r" in the local dialect. The Gothenburg coat of arms was based on the lion of the [[coat of arms of Sweden]], symbolically holding a shield with the national emblem, the [[Three Crowns]], to defend against its enemies. In the [[Treaty of Roskilde]] (1658) Denmark-Norway ceded the then Danish province [[Halland]], to the south, and the Norwegian province of Bohus County or ''[[Bohuslän]]'' to the north, leaving Gothenburg in a less exposed position. Gothenburg was able to grow into an important port and trade centre on the west coast thanks to the fact that it was the only city on the west coast that was granted, together with [[Marstrand]], the rights to trade with merchants from other countries.<ref name="REF89">Henriksson, Dick and Älveby, Rustan. (1994). ''Vårt Levebröd - Göteborgregionens näringsliv Igår, I dag och I morgon''. Publisher: Akademiförlaget. Page 5. ISBN 91-24-16635-9 </ref> In the 18th century, fishing was the most important industry. However, in 1731 the [[Swedish East India Company]] was founded, and the city flourished due to its foreign trade with highly profitable commercial expeditions to Asian countries. [[Image:Suecia Göteborg.jpg|right|thumb|Göteborg in around 1700 from ''[[Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna]]'']] The harbour developed into Sweden's main harbour for trade towards the west, and with the [[Swedish emigration to North America]] increasing, Gothenburg became Sweden's main point of departure. The impact of Gothenburg as a main port of embarkation for Swedish emigrants is reflected by [[Gothenburg, Nebraska]], a small Swedish settlement in the United States. With the 19th century, Gothenburg evolved into a modern industrial city that continued on into the 20th century. The population increased tenfold in the century, from 13,000 (1800) to 130,000 (1900). In the 20th century major companies that developed included [[SKF]] (est. 1907) and [[Volvo]] (est. 1926). In more recent years however, the industrial section has faced a recession, which has spurred the development of new sectors such as increased merchandising, tourism and cultural and educational institutions. {{Fact|date=February 2008}} In 2001, [[Protests during the EU summit in Gothenburg 2001|major protests occurred]] in the city during the EU summit and the visit by [[President of the United States|U.S. president]] [[George W. Bush]]. ==Geography== {{main|Geography of Gothenburg}} [[Image:Gothenburg satellite.jpg|thumb|right|Gothenburg viewed from space]] Gothenburg is located on the west coast, in Southwestern Sweden, approximately half way between the capitals [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], and [[Oslo]], [[Norway]]. The location at the mouth of the river [[Göta älv]], which feeds into [[Kattegatt]], an arm of the [[North Sea]], has helped the city grow in significance as a [[Trading post|trading city]]. Due to the Gulf Stream the city has a mild climate and quite a lot of rain. The [[archipelago]] of Gothenburg consists of rough, barren rocks and cliffs, which also is typical for the coast of [[Bohuslän]]. The Gothenburg Metropolitan Area extends to the municipalities of [[Ale, Sweden|Ale]], [[Härryda]], [[Kungälv]], [[Lerum]], [[Mölndal]], [[Partille]], [[Stenungsund]], [[Tjörn]], [[Öckerö]] in [[Västra Götaland County]], and [[Kungsbacka]] in [[Halland County]]. ===Climate=== Gothenburg has an [[oceanic climate]] according to [[Köppens climate]]. Due to it´s high northern latitude, temperatures are pretty mild both winters and summers, mainly because of the [[Gulf Stream]]. Summers are mild, often warm and winter are cold with moderate of snowfall. During summer, daylight is around 18 hours, whereas only around 6 hours in winter. Typical temperatures and precipitation for each month:<ref>[http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/SWXX0007?from=36hr_bottomnav_business Goteborg, ''The Official Visitors Guide'', Climate] [[2006]]-[[07-18]]</ref> <!--Infobox begins-->{{Infobox Weather |metric_first=Yes <!--Entering Yes will display metric first. Leave blank for imperial--> |single_line=Yes <!--Entering Yes will display metric and imperial units on same line.--> |location = Göteborg |Jan_Hi_°F =34 |Jan_REC_Hi_°F = <!--REC temps are optional; use sparely--> |Feb_Hi_°F =35 |Feb_REC_Hi_°F = |Mar_Hi_°F =41 |Mar_REC_Hi_°F = |Apr_Hi_°F =49 |Apr_REC_Hi_°F = |May_Hi_°F = 61 |May_REC_Hi_°F = |Jun_Hi_°F = 67 |Jun_REC_Hi_°F = |Jul_Hi_°F = 68 |Jul_REC_Hi_°F = |Aug_Hi_°F = 68 |Aug_REC_Hi_°F = |Sep_Hi_°F =68 |Sep_REC_Hi_°F = |Oct_Hi_°F =61 |Oct_REC_Hi_°F = |Nov_Hi_°F =52 |Nov_REC_Hi_°F = |Dec_Hi_°F =43 |Dec_REC_Hi_°F = |Year_Hi_°F = |Year_REC_Hi_°F = |Jan_Lo_°F = 26 |Jan_REC_Lo_°F = |Feb_Lo_°F =25 |Feb_REC_Lo_°F = |Mar_Lo_°F = 30 |Mar_REC_Lo_°F = |Apr_Lo_°F = 36 |Apr_REC_Lo_°F = |May_Lo_°F = 45 |May_REC_Lo_°F = |Jun_Lo_°F = 52 |Jun_REC_Lo_°F = |Jul_Lo_°F =55 |Jul_REC_Lo_°F = |Aug_Lo_°F = 54 |Aug_REC_Lo_°F = |Sep_Lo_°F =49 |Sep_REC_Lo_°F = |Oct_Lo_°F = 43 |Oct_REC_Lo_°F = |Nov_Lo_°F = 35 |Nov_REC_Lo_°F = |Dec_Lo_°F =29 |Dec_REC_Lo_°F = |Year_Lo_°F = |Year_REC_Lo_°F = <!--**** use mm for precipitation! ****--> |Jan_Precip_mm =69 |Feb_Precip_mm =41 |Mar_Precip_mm = 53 |Apr_Precip_mm =43 |May_Precip_mm = 48 |Jun_Precip_mm =58 |Jul_Precip_mm =71 |Aug_Precip_mm =74 |Sep_Precip_mm =84 |Oct_Precip_mm =86 |Nov_Precip_mm =86 |Dec_Precip_mm =76 |Year_Precip_mm =789 |source =World Weather Information Service <ref name=eather1>{{cite web | url =http://www.worldweather.org/096/c00187.htm | title =Weather Information for Stockholm | accessmonthday =6 Jan | accessyear = 2008 | publisher =World Weather Information Service] | language = }}</ref> |accessdate = 2008-01-06 }}<!--Infobox ends--> ==Culture== [[Image:Carl Milles Poseidon 01.jpg|thumb|right|[[Poseidon]] statue by [[Carl Milles]] -- an often used symbol of Gothenburg.]] The sea, trade and industrial history of the city is evident in the cultural life of Gothenburg. The biggest attraction in the city is the amusement park [[Liseberg]] (see Sites of interest). Another fact related to the industrial heritage of the city is that many of the cultural institutions, as well as hospitals and the university, were created thanks to donations from rich merchants and industrialists, for example the [[Röhss Museum]]. The 1923 Gothenburg Industrial Exhibition saw the creation of the art museum and a number of other institutions. The event culture of the city was an important factor behind the creation of a number of other sport and cultural institutions. There are many free theatre ensembles in the city, besides institutions like [[Gothenburg City Theatre]], [[Backa Theatre]] (youth theatre), and [[Folkteatern]]. The [[Gothenburg Film Festival]], held each year, is the biggest film festival in Scandinavia.<ref>[http://www.filmfestival.org/filmfestival/page/en/information/festivalen Göteborg International Film Festival 2008: Göteborg International Film Festival<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Similarly, the [[Gothenburg Book Fair]], held every year in September, is the largest such event in Scandinavia. ===Architecture=== [[Image:Göteborg 03.jpg|thumb|Many buildings in the old part of the city were built along canals]] There are very few houses left from the 17th century when the city was founded, since all but the military and royal houses were built of wood.<ref>[[Nationalencyklopedin]] (NE), The Swedish National Encyclopedia (Most of this section is based on NE) </ref> One example is [[Skansen Crown]]. The first major architecturally interesting period is the 18th century when the [[Swedish East India Company|East India Company]] made Gothenburg an important trade city. Imposing stone houses with a [[Classical architecture|Classical]] look were erected around the canals. One example from this period is the East India House, which today houses [[City Museum of Gothenburg|Gothenburg’s City Museum]]. In the 19th century the wealthy bourgeoisie begun to move outside the city walls which had protected the city when the Union of Denmark and Norway was still a threat. The style now was an eclectic, academic, somewhat over decorated style which the middle-class favoured. The working class lived in the overcrowded city district [[Haga, Gothenburg|Haga]], in wooden houses. In the 19th century the first important town plan after the founding of city was created, which led to the construction of the main street [[Kungsportsavenyn]]. The perhaps most significant type of houses of the city, [[Landshövdingehus]]en, were built in the end of the 19th century; three story-houses with the first floor in stone and the other two in wood. A very important period in the architectural history of the city was the early 20th century, when the [[National Romanticism|National Romantic]] style dominated. Among the many monumental building erected the [[Masthugget Church]] can be mentioned. And in the beginning of the 1920s, when the city celebrated its 300th anniversary, the [[Götaplatsen]] square with its [[Neoclassical architecture|Neo-Classical]] look was built. After this the predominant style in Gothenburg and rest of Sweden was [[Functionalism (architecture)|Functionalism]] which especially dominated the suburbs like [[Västra Frölunda]] and [[Bergsjön]]. In the 1950s the big stadium [[Ullevi]] was erected when Sweden hosted the 1958 World Cup in football. The modern architecture of the city is being formed by such architects as [[Gert Wingårdh]] who started as a [[Post-Modernist]] in the 1980s. A further remarkable construction is [[Brudaremossen masts|Brudaremossen TV Tower]], one of the few [[partially guyed tower]]s in the world. ===Music=== [[Image:GoteborgsOperan.jpg|thumb|[[Gothenburg Opera]]]] {{further|[[List of bands from gothenburg|List of bands from Gothenburg]]}} Gothenburg has a rich music life - the [[Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra]] is the best known when it comes to classical music. Gothenburg also was the birthplace of the Swedish composer [[Kurt Atterberg]]. Bands like [[The Soundtrack of Our Lives]] and [[Ace of Base]] are well known pop representatives of the city. There is also an active indie scene. For example, the musician [[Jens Lekman]] was born in the suburb of [[Angered]] and named his 2007 release ''[[Night Falls Over Kortedala]]'' after another suburb ([[Kortedala]]). The city is also noted for being the centre of the [[melodic death metal]] movement (sometimes even called "[[Melodic death metal#The Gothenburg sound|The Gothenburg sound]]"). Gothenburg metal is unique and distinct because of its mixture of brutality and aggression with melodic and sometimes [[progressive rock|progressive]] guitar riffs and solos. Often, keyboards and [[clean vocals|clean singing]] are incorporated (instead of just using the traditional [[death growl]]s). Gothenburg's own [[At the Gates]], [[In Flames]] and [[Dark Tranquillity]] are credited with pioneering this melodic style, although first made by [[Michael Amott]] of [[Arch Enemy]], [[Spiritual Beggars]], ex-[[Carcass (band)|Carcass]] and ex-[[Carnage]]. Another well known band in the Gothenburg scene is [[Soilwork]], although they reign from [[Helsingborg]]. Gothenburg metal has influenced numerous significant death metal and metalcore scenes across Europe and the rest of the world, including [[Finland]], the [[United States]], and [[Canada]]. {{Fact|date=June 2007}} ===Food and drink=== Gothenburg, with its location by the sea, is famous for its many fish dishes and varieties of these dishes. Various fish restaurants exist in the city, all from low class shacks to world class eateries. The city also has a number of star chefs – over the past decade, 7 of the [[Swedish Chef of the Year]] Awards have been won by Gothenburgers.<ref>[http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/09/23/travel/tmagazine/10well-goteborg-t.html?pagewanted=2&ref=tmagazine New York Times article]</ref> A popular place to buy fish ingredients is the [[Feskekôrka]] ("Fish Church"); an indoor fish market, which got its name from the building's resemblance to a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] church. Five Gothenburg restaurants have a star in the 2008 [[Michelin Guide]]: ''28 +'', ''Basement'', ''Fond'', ''Kok&Vin'' and ''Sjömagasinet''.<ref>Information from the tourist company Göteborg & Co, website www.goteborg.com</ref> ===Sports=== [[Image:Göteborg - Sailing.jpg|thumb|With around 20,000 sailboats and yachts scattered about the city, [[sailing]] is a popular sports activity in the region, particuarly because of the nearby [[Gothenburg Archipelago]].]] As in all of Sweden, a variety of sports are followed, including but not limited to [[ice hockey]], [[football (soccer)|football]], [[basketball]], and [[team handball]]. There is a varied amateur and professional sports clubs scene. Gothenburg is the birthplace of [[football in Sweden]] as the [[first football match in Sweden]] was played there in [[1892]]. The cities three major clubs, [[IFK Göteborg]], [[Örgryte IS]] and [[GAIS]] share a total of 34 Swedish Championships between them. IFK has also won the [[UEFA Cup]] twice. Other notable clubs include [[BK Häcken]] ([[football (soccer)|football]]), [[Pixbo Wallenstam IBK]] ([[floorball]]), multiple national [[team handball]] champion [[Redbergslids IK]], and three time national ice hockey champion [[Frölunda HC]]. The cities most notable sports venues are [[Scandinavium]] ([[ice hockey]]), and [[Ullevi]] (multisport). A new [[football (soccer)|football]] stadium is currently under construction, the name of which is yet to be decided (provisional name: [[Nya Gamla Ullevi]]). As Swedens's second largest city after [[Stockholm]], Gothenburg has hosted a number of international sporting events including the [[1958 FIFA World Cup]], the [[1992 European Football Championship]], the 1993 and the 2002 [[World Men's Handball Championship]], the [[1995 World Championships in Athletics]], the 1997 World Championships in [[Swimming]] (Short track), the 2002 [[Ice Hockey World Championships]], the 2004 [[UEFA Cup]] final, the 2006, the [[2006 European Championships in Athletics]], and the [[2008 World Figure Skating Championships]]. Annual events held in the city are the [[Gothia Cup]] and the [[Göteborgsvarvet]]. ==Economy== [[Image:SKF i Göteborg, den 16 aug 2006, bild 26.JPG|thumb|right|The [[SKF]] factory in Gothenburg.]] Due to the Gothenburg's advantageous location in the centre of Scandinavia, trade and shipping have always played a major role in the city's economic history, and they continue to do so. Gothenburg port has come to be the largest harbour in the whole of [[Scandinavia]].<ref name = "selimw"/> Apart from trade, the second pillar of Gothenburg has traditionally been manufacturing, and industry which significantly contributes to the city's wealth. Major companies operating plants in the area include [[SKF]], [[Volvo]], and [[Ericsson]]. Volvo Cars is the largest employer in Gothenburg, not including jobs in supply companies. The blue collar industries which have dominated the city for long are still important factors in the city's economy, but they are being gradually replaced by high tech industries. Banking and finance are also important trades as well as the event and tourist industry.<ref name = "selimw"/> Historcially, Gothenburg was home base of the 18th century [[Swedish East India Company]]. ==Government== {{main|Gothenburg Municipality}} ==Demographics== Gothenburg, as with most Swedish metropolitan areas, has a large immigrant population.<ref>[http://www.scb.se/statistik/_publikationer/LE0102_2006A01_BR_BE51ST0702.pdf Statistics Sweden]</ref> According to Statistics Sweden in 2005, there are 98,480 immigrants resident in Gothenburg,<ref>[http://www.goteborg.se/prod%5Csk%5Cstatistik%5Cstatistikr5.nsf/0/B34393B5228E361BC1257145003B48F3/$File/20.09.xls Exceldocument from the townships homepage]</ref> which is about 20% of the population, out of which 10% are from [[Iran]] and 9% from [[Finland]]. The Iranian population, as well as other immigrants from the [[Middle East]] (notably [[Iraq]]), [[Somalia]] and former [[Yugoslavia]], is concentrated in [[Angered]] (most notably Hjällbo and Hammarkullen) and other suburbs in the north east ([[Bergsjön]]), while other immigrants from Scandinavia, [[Southern Europe]] (notably [[Portugal]], [[Italy]] and [[Greece]]) and [[Eastern Europe]] are far less segregated. [[Frölunda]] is also known for its larger Chinese population. {{Fact|date=January 2008}} Other notable East and South East Asian nationalities are the Thais and the Vietnamese. {{Fact|date=January 2008}} ==Education== [[Image:Göteborgs Universitet.jpg|thumb|The [[University of Gothenburg]].]] Gothenburg has two universities, both of which started off as colleges founded by private donations in the 19th century. The (public) [[University of Gothenburg]] has approximately 50,000 students and is the largest university in [[Scandinavia]]<ref>[http://www.gu.se/english/about_the_university/ About the university - University of Gothenburg<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and one of the most versatile in Sweden. [[Chalmers University of Technology]] is a notable private university located in Johanneberg 2 km south of inner city. There are also four [[folk high school]]s (''Arbetarrörelsens Folkhögskola i Göteborg'', ''Folkhögskolan i Angered'', ''Göteborgs Folkhögskola'', and ''Kvinnofolkhögskolan''). Gothenburg has some 25-30 [[gymnasium (school)|high schools]]. Three of the more notable schools are [[Hvitfeldtska gymnasiet]], [[Sigrid Rudebecks Gymnasium]] and [[Göteborgs Högre Samskola]]. ==Points of interest== [[Image:Göteborg 02.jpg|thumb|Signpost in central Gothenburg (at ''Brunnsparken'')]] [[Image:Lisebergsentrén.jpg|thumb|''[[Liseberg]]'' – the largest amusement park in Scandinavia]] Gothenburg is a popular destination for tourists on the Swedish west-coast, and offers a number of cultural and architectural highlights. The main boulevard is called [[Kungsportsavenyn]] (communly known as ''Avenyn'', "The Avenue"). It is about one kilometre long and starts at [[Götaplatsen]] — which is the location of the [[Gothenburg Museum of Art]], the city's theatre, and the city library — and stretches out all the way to [[Kungsportsplatsen]] in the old city centre of Gothenburg, crossing a canal and a small park. The ''Avenyn'' was created in the 1860s and 1870s as a result of an international architecture contest, and is the product of a period of extensive town planning and re-modelling.<ref>Guide till Sveriges arkitektur, red. Waern, Caldenby, Arkitektur förlag</ref>. ''Avenyn'' has Gothenburgs biggest concentration of pubs and clubs. Scandinavia's largest shopping center, [[Nordstan]], is located in central Gothenburg. Gothenburg's [[Haga, Gothenburg|Haga]] district is known for its picturesque wooden houses and its cafés. The [[Gothenburg Opera]] house was inaugurated in 1994, and is an architectural landmark situated right next to the [[Göta älv]] river. Museums include the [[Gothenburg Museum of Art]], [[Göteborgs Konsthall]], [[Röhss Museum]], and several museums of sea and navigation history, natural history, the sciences, and East India. The [[Museum of World Culture]] [http://www.varldskulturmuseet.se/smvk/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=126&l=sv_SE] was inaugurated in 2004. The [[Göteborg Botanical Garden]]<ref>[http://w3.goteborg.se/botaniska/engelska/english_start.html Göteborg Botanical Garden]</ref> is considered to be one of the most important [[botanical garden]]s in [[Europe]] with three stars in the French Guide Rouge. Next to the botanical garden is Gothenburg's largest park, [[Slottsskogen]], where the Natural History Museum (Naturhistoriska Museet) is located. The park is also home to the city's oldest observatory. The amusement park [[Liseberg]] is located in the central part of the city. Liseberg is [[Scandinavia]]'s largest amusement park by number of rides,<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/2005/05/25/cx_sb_0526featslide_6.html?thisSpeed=20000 Forbes Magazine article]</ref> and the most popular attraction in Sweden by number of visitors per year (>3 millions). Located near Liseberg is a science discovery centre named [[Universeum]]. One of Gothenburg's most popular natural tourist attractions is the [[Southern Gothenburg Archipelago]], which is a set of many picturesque islands that can be reached by ferry boat. Within the archipelago [[Älvsborg Fortress]], [[Vinga (Gothenburg)|Vinga]] and [[Styrsö]] islands are popular places to visit. == Twin towns == * {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Aarhus]], [[Denmark]] * {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Bergen (Norway)|Bergen]], [[Norway]] * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]], [[USA]] * {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Kraków]], [[Poland]] * {{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], [[France]] * {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Oslo]], [[Norway]] * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Rostock]], [[Germany]] * {{flagicon|China}} [[Shanghai]], [[People's Republic of China]] * {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]] * {{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]] * {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Turku]], [[Finland]] * {{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Port Elizabeth]], [[Republic of South Africa]] ==Transport== [[Image:GothenburgCentral.jpg|thumb|right|''Centralstationen'' – Gothenburg Central Station.]] [[Image:Göteborg spårvagn.jpg|thumb|right|''Spårvagen'' – Gothenburg's popular [[tram]] system covers most of the city (the one shown here is a vintage tram popular with visitors).]] ===Air=== [[Gothenburg-Landvetter Airport]] is an international airport serving the Gothenburg region in Sweden. With 5.2 million passengers in 2005 it is Sweden's second-largest airport. It is operated by the Swedish Civil Aviation Administration (Luftfartsverket). The airport is named after the small town of Landvetter, which is located in the municipality of Härryda. It is 20 km east of Gothenburg. It traditionally has had two [[terminal]]s, domestic and international, but they are now considered one single terminal. There is only one check-in area now, since all luggage has to be screened. Gothenburg's second international airport is [[Gothenburg City Airport]] formerly known as Säve Flygplats and Sweden's 7th largest airport {{Fact|date=July 2007}}. It is located within the borders of [[Gothenburg Municipality]]. Prior to the arrival of [[Ryanair]] in 2001, the airport had 9000 passengers per year. In 2005, more than 500,000 flew from City Airport. In addition to commercial airlines, the airport is also operated by a number of rescue services, including the Swedish Coast Guard. Due to its location many business jets prefer flying to City Airport rather than Landvetter. Gothenburg City Airport can handle planes up to the size of a [[Boeing 767]], an [[Airbus A320]] or similar jets. The airport also accommodates General Aviation acitivities, including 2 flying clubs, Aeroklubben i Göteborg, one of Europe's oldest flying clubs {{Fact|date=July 2007}}, and Chalmers flygklubb. ===Sea=== The Swedish company [[Stena Line]] operates between Gothenburg/[[Fredrikshavn]] in [[Denmark]] and Gothenburg/[[Kiel]] in [[Germany]] The "[[England]] ferry" (''Englandsfärjan'') to Newcastle (currently run by the [[Denmark|Danish]] company [[DFDS|DFDS Seaways]]) ceased at the end of October 2006,<ref>[http://www.thelocal.se/article.php?ID=4805&date=20060906 "DFDS scraps Newcastle-Gothenburg line"], ''The Local'', [[7 September]] [[2006]]: "Danish shipping company DFDS Seaways is to scrap the only passenger ferry route between Sweden and Britain, with the axing of the Gothenburg-Newcastle route at the end of October."</ref> after being a Gothenburg institution since the 19th century. The company cited high [[fuel price]]s and new [[competition]] from [[low-cost air services]], especially [[Ryanair]], as being the cause. DFDS Seaways' sister company, DFDS Tor Line, will continue to run scheduled [[freight]] ships between Gothenburg and several English ports, and these have limited capacity for passengers, but not private vehicles. It is unclear if the Gothenburg-Kristiansand route will continue. {{Fact|date=June 2007}} ===Rail and intercity bus=== Other major transportation hubs are ''Centralstationen'' ([[Gothenburg Central Station]]) and the [[Nils Ericson Terminal]] with trains and buses to various destinations in Sweden, as well as connections to [[Oslo]] and [[Copenhagen]] (via [[Malmö]]). ===Freight=== Gothenburg is a logistic centre, with transports by train and truck from Sweden and Norway to Gothenburg harbour which is by far the largest port in Scandinavia with a cargo turnover of 36.9 million tonnes a year (2004).<ref>Statistics from the homepage of the [http://www.portgot.com/ Port of Gothenburg]</ref> ===Public transport=== With about 80 km of double track the [[Gothenburg tram]] is the largest tram/light rail network in Northern Europe. The bus network, however, is almost as important. There are also some boat and ferry services. The lack of a subway is due to the soft ground on which Göteborg is situated. Tunnelling is very expensive in such conditions. There is also a [[Gothenburg commuter rail|commuter rail]] in Gothenburg. ==Notable people== {{main|List of people connected to Gothenburg}} ==See also== *[[Metropolitan Gothenburg]] *[[Gothenburg archipelago]] *[[East Indiaman Götheborg]] *[[Largest European metropolitan areas]] *[[Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits]] ==Notes and references== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{commons|Göteborg}} *[http://www.goteborg.se/english Gothenburg] - City of Gothenburg website {{en icon}} *{{wikitravel|Göteborg}} *[http://www.goteborg.com/en Gothenburg & Co.] - Gothenburg tourism portal {{en icon}} *[http://www.visitsweden.com/VSTemplates/Page____9546.aspx VisitSweden] - visitsweden.com profile of Gothenburg {{en icon}} {{Geolinks-cityscale|57.6967|11.9869}} {{Boroughs of Gothenburg}} {{Västra Götaland County}} {{Localities in Göteborg Municipality}} {{Localities in Härryda Municipality}} {{Localities in Mölndal Municipality}} {{Localities in Partille Municipality}} {{Cities in Sweden}} [[Category:Municipalities of Västra Götaland County]] [[Category:Gothenburg| ]] [[Category:Metropolitan Gothenburg]] [[Category:Coastal cities and towns in Sweden]] [[Category:1621 establishments]] [[Category:Geats]] [[Category:Port cities and towns in Sweden]] [[Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea]] [[af:Göteborg]] [[ar:غوتنبرغ]] [[bs:Geteborg]] [[br:Göteborg]] [[bg:Гьотеборг]] [[ca:Göteborg]] [[cs:Göteborg]] [[da:Göteborg]] [[de:Göteborg]] [[el:Γκέτεμποργκ]] [[es:Gotemburgo]] [[eo:Göteborg]] [[eu:Göteborg]] [[fa:گوتنبورگ]] [[fr:Göteborg]] [[ga:Göteborg]] [[gl:Göteborg]] [[ko:예테보리]] [[hr:Göteborg]] [[io:Göteborg]] [[id:Göteborg]] [[ia:Göteborg]] [[is:Gautaborg]] [[it:Göteborg]] [[he:גטבורג]] [[ku:Göteborg]] [[la:Gothoburgum]] [[lv:Gēteborga]] [[lb:Göteborg]] [[lt:Geteborgas]] [[hu:Göteborg]] [[nl:Göteborg]] [[ja:ヨーテボリ]] [[no:Göteborg]] [[nn:Göteborg]] [[nds:Göteborg]] [[pl:Göteborg]] [[pt:Gotemburgo]] [[ro:Göteborg]] [[ru:Гётеборг]] [[se:Göteborg]] [[sq:Göteborg]] [[simple:Gothenburg]] [[sk:Göteborg]] [[sr:Гетеборг]] [[su:Gothenburg]] [[fi:Göteborg]] [[sv:Göteborg]] [[tr:Göteborg]] [[uk:Гетеборг]] [[vo:Göteborg]] [[zh:哥德堡]]