Grosbeak 2132854 215330178 2008-05-27T18:55:01Z Dysmorodrepanis 303688 /* Grosbeak finches */ __NOTOC__ {{unreferenced|date=December 2006}} '''Grosbeak''' is the name given to a [[form taxon]] containing several [[species]] of seed-eating [[passerine]] birds with large [[beak]]s. Although they all belong to the [[superfamily]] [[Passeroidea]], they are not a natural group but rather a [[polyphyletic]] assemblage of distantly related [[songbird]]s. The following is a list of grosbeak species, arranged in groups of closely related [[genera]]. Note that these genera are more closely related to smaller-billed birds than to other grosbeaks. The single exception are the three genera of "typical grosbeak finches", which indeed form a group of closest living relatives and might thus be considered the "true" grosbeaks. ==Grosbeak finches== [[image:Abendkernbeisser_m.jpg|right|220px|thumb|[[Evening Grosbeak]], ''Coccothraustes vespertinus'']] [[image:Pine grosbeak17.jpg|right|220px|thumb|[[Pine Grosbeak]], ''Pinicola enucleator'']] The [[finch]] [[family (biology)|family]] (Fringillidae) contains 13 living species named "grosbeak": '''Typical grosbeak finches''' * The two [[Nearctic]] and one [[Palearctic]] species in the [[genus]] ''[[Coccothraustes]]'': ** [[Evening Grosbeak]], ''C. vespertinus'' ** [[Hooded Grosbeak]], ''C. abeillei'' ** [[European Grosbeak]] or Hawfinch, ''C. coccothraustes'' * The two species in the [[East Asian]] [[genus]] ''[[Eophona]]'': ** [[Japanese Grosbeak]], ''E. personata'' ** [[Chinese Grosbeak]] or Yellow-billed Grosbeak, ''E. migratoria'' * The four species in the [[South Asian]] [[genus]] ''[[Mycerobas]]'': ** [[Black-and-yellow Grosbeak]], ''M. icterioides'' ** [[Collared Grosbeak]], ''M. affinis'' ** [[Spot-winged Grosbeak]], ''M. melanozanthos'' ** [[White-winged Grosbeak]], ''M. carnipes'' '''Grosbeak bullfinch''' * The [[Pine Grosbeak]], ''Pinicola enucleator'', a pan-[[Holarctic]] pine forest species '''Grosbeak goldfinches''' * The three [[golden-winged grosbeak]]s in the genmus ''Rhynchostruthus'', found in northern [[Somalia]], mountains of south-west [[Arabia]] and on the island of [[Socotra]] and often considered a single species: ** [[Somali Grosbeak]], ''R. louisae'' ** [[Arabian Grosbeak]], ''R. percivali'' ** [[Socotra Grosbeak]], ''R. socotranus'' '''Affiliations unknown''' * The [[São Tomé Grosbeak]], ''Neospiza concolor'', a [[critically endangered]] [[restricted-range endemic]] found only in forests on the island of [[São Tomé]] off the [[West Africa]]n coast, believed extinct until rediscovered in 1996 Two species in the genus ''[[Serinus]]'' are named "Grosbeak-canaries": the [[Abyssinian Grosbeak-canary]] (''Serinus donaldsoni'') and the [[Southern Grosbeak-canary]] or Kenya Grosbeak-canary (''Serinus buchanani''). The genus ''Serinus'' is somewhat closely related to the golden-winged grosbeaks. In addition, there are two extinct Fringillidae "grosbeaks": the [[Bonin Grosbeak]] (''Chaunoproctus ferreorostris''), found only on the [[Ogasawara Islands]], which was last recorded in 1832, and the [[Kona Grosbeak]] or Grosbeak Finch (''Chloridops kona''), a [[Hawaiian honeycreeper]], last recorded in 1896. ==Cardinal-grosbeaks== [[image:Cyanocompsa brissonii.jpg|right|220px|thumb|[[Ultramarine Grosbeak]], ''Cyanocompsa brissonii'']] [[image:Black-headed Grosbeak.jpg|right|220px|thumb|[[Black-headed Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus melanocephalus'']] The [[Cardinal (bird)|cardinal]] family (Cardinalidae) of the [[Americas]] contains the following 17 "grosbeaks": '''Masked cardinal-grosbeaks''' * The [[Red-and-black Grosbeak]], ''Periporphyrus erythromelas'' of northern [[South America]] * The two species in the [[Neotropical]] [[genus]] ''[[Caryothraustes]]'': ** [[Black-faced Grosbeak]], ''C. poliogaster'' ** [[Yellow-green Grosbeak]], ''C. canadensis'' * The [[Crimson-collared Grosbeak]], ''Rhodothraupis celaeno'', a [[restricted-range endemic]] found only in eastern [[Mexico]] '''Blue cardinal-grosbeaks''' * Two species in the [[Neotropical]] genus ''[[Cyanocompsa]]'' which also contains the [[Blue Bunting]] (''C. parellina''): ** [[Ultramarine Grosbeak]], ''C. brissonii'' ** [[Blue-black Grosbeak]], ''C. cyanoides'' * The [[Glaucous-blue Grosbeak]] (''Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea'') of eastern [[South America]] * One species (sometimes separated in ''Guiraca'') in the genus ''[[Passerina]]'', which also contains the [[North American bunting]]s: ** [[Blue Grosbeak]], ''Passerina caerulea'' '''Typical cardinal-grosbeaks''' * The six species in the [[genus]] ''[[Pheucticus]]'' ** [[Yellow Grosbeak]], ''P. chrysopeplus'' ** [[Golden-bellied Grosbeak]], ''P. chrysogaster'' ** [[Black-thighed Grosbeak]], ''P. tibialis'', a [[restricted-range endemic]] found only in the highlands of [[Costa Rica]] and [[Panama]] ** [[Black-backed Grosbeak]], ''P. aureoventris'' ** [[Rose-breasted Grosbeak]], ''P. ludovicianus'' ** [[Black-headed Grosbeak]], ''P. melanocephalus'' ==Grosbeak tanagers?== Three additional species of "grosbeaks" have long been placed in the Cardinalidae, but actually seem to be closer to the [[tanager]] family (Thraupidae): * Two species in the [[Neotropical]] [[genus]] ''[[Saltator]]'', which also contains the saltators: ** [[Slate-coloured Grosbeak]], ''S. groseus'' ** [[Black-throated Grosbeak]], ''S. fuliginosus'' * The [[Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak]], ''Parkerthraustes humeralis'' of [[South America]] ==Grosbeak Weaver== Finally, the [[weaver (bird)|weaver]] family (Ploceidae) contains a species called the [[Grosbeak Weaver]] (''Amblyospiza albifrons''). ==External links== * The Burgess Bird Book for Children[http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=burgess&book=bird&story=red&PHPSESSID] * RoseBreasted Grosbeak [http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/Infocenter/i5950id.html] * All About Birds [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Evening_Grosbeak.html] * Birds -Everything About Grosbeaks [http://birding.about.com/od/birdsgrosbeaks/Birds_Everything_About_Grosbeaks.htm] [[Category:Grosbeaks|*]] [[fr:Pinicola]] [[ru:Щуры]]