Group 11 element 161280 224106947 2008-07-07T10:02:42Z Nergaal 4761569 {| style="float: right; border: 1px solid #ccc; margin: 0.5em 0pt 0.8em 1.4em; padding: 3px !important; width: 75px;" ! [[Group (periodic table)|Group]]&nbsp;→!! 11 |- ! ↓&nbsp;[[Period (periodic table)|Period]] |- ! [[Period 4 element|'''4''']] | style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black; border:1px solid black;" | 29<br />&nbsp;[[copper|Cu]]&nbsp; |- ! [[Period 5 element|'''5''']] | style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black; border:1px solid black;" | 47<br />&nbsp;[[silver|Ag]] |- ! [[Period 6 element|'''6''']] | style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black; border:1px solid black;" | 79<br />&nbsp;[[gold|Au]]&nbsp; |- ! [[Period 7 element|'''7''']] | style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black; border:1px dashed black;" | 111<br />&nbsp;[[roentgenium|Rg]]&nbsp; |} A '''Group 11 element''' is one in the [[chemical series|series]] of [[Chemical element|elements]] in [[periodic table group|group 11]] ([[IUPAC]] style) in the [[periodic table]], consisting of [[transition metal]]s which are the traditional coinage metals of [[copper]] ('''Cu'''), [[silver]] ('''Ag'''), and [[gold]] ('''Au'''). They are also known as the "'''[[noble metal]]s'''." The name "'''coinage metals'''" is '''not''' recognized by the [[IUPAC|International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC), and can be somewhat misleading as further elements are added to the table. In addition, various nations have used probably dozens of metals (including [[stainless steel]], [[lead]], and [[zinc]]) in coins. The short-lived [[transactinide]] [[roentgenium]] ('''Rg''') (which, with a [[half-life]] of 3.6 seconds, is hardly good material for making coins) is also a member of Group 11. They are all relatively inert, [[corrosion]]-resistant [[metal]]s which have been used for minting [[coin]]s, hence their name. Many metals form colored compounds, such as [[iron pyrite]], and many metals have a colored sheen, but apart from [[caesium]], which also has 1 6s-electron, similar to gold, only gold and copper are colored. These metals, especially silver, have unusual properties that make them essential for industrial applications outside of their monetary or decorative value. They are all excellent [[Conductor (material)|conductors]] of [[electricity]]. The most conductive of all metals are silver, copper and gold in that order. Silver is also the most thermally conductive element, and the most light reflecting element. Silver also has the unusual property that the tarnish that forms on silver is still highly electrically conductive. Copper is used extensively in electrical wiring and circuitry. Gold contacts are sometimes found in precision equipment for their ability to remain corrosion-free. Silver is used widely in mission-critical applications as electrical contacts, and is also used in [[photography]] (because [[silver nitrate]] reverts to metal on exposure to light), [[agriculture]], [[medicine]], [[audiophile]] and scientific applications. Gold, silver, and copper are quite soft metals and so are easily damaged in daily use as coins. Precious metal may also be easily abraded and worn away through use. In their [[numismatics|numismatic]] functions these metals must be [[alloy]]ed with other metals to afford coins greater durability. The alloying with other metals makes the resulting coins harder, less likely to become deformed and more resistant to wear. '''Gold coins:''' [[Gold coin]]s are typically produced as either 90% gold (e.g. with pre-1933 US coins), or 22 [[carat (purity)|carat]] (92%) gold (e.g. current [[collectible coin]]s and [[Krugerrand]]s), with copper and silver making up the remaining weight in each case. Bullion gold coins are being produced with up to 99.999% gold (in the [[Canadian Gold Maple Leaf]] series). '''Silver coins:''' [[Silver coin]]s are typically produced as either 90% silver - in the case of pre 1965 US minted coins (which were circulated in many countries), or [[sterling silver]] (92.5%) coins for pre-1967 British Commonwealth and other silver coinage, with copper making up the remaining weight in each case. '''Copper coins:''' Copper coins are often of quite high purity, around 97%, and are usually alloyed with small amounts of [[zinc]] and [[tin]]. [[Inflation]] has caused the [[face value]] of coins to fall below the [[hard currency]] value of the historically used metals. This had led to most modern coins being made of [[base metals]] - Cupro-[[nickel]] (around 80:20, silver in color) is popular as are nickel-[[brass]] (copper (75), nickel (5) and zinc (20), gold in color), [[manganese]]-brass (copper, zinc, manganese, and nickel), [[bronze]], or simple plated [[steel]]. ===See also=== {|style="width: 80%; text-align: center;" border="1" cellpadding="2" |style="vertical-align: top;" colspan="1" rowspan="3">|Explanation of right side periodic table slice: |bgcolor="#ffc0c0"|[[Transition metal]]s || atomic numbers in <font color="black">black</font> are solids |style="border:solid 1px black;padding:1px;"|solid borders are older than the [[Earth]] ([[Primordial element]]s) |style="border:dashed 1px black;padding:1px;"|dashed borders have no isotopes older than the earth |} {{PeriodicTablesFooter}} [[Category:Periodic table]] [[Category:Chemical element groups|Group 11]] [[Category:Currency production]] {{Link FA|lmo}} [[ar:عناصر المجموعة الحادية عشر]] [[ast:Elementos del grupu 11]] [[bs:11. grupa hemijskih elemenata]] [[ca:Grup 11 de la taula periòdica]] [[cs:11. skupina]] [[de:Kupfergruppe]] [[es:Elementos del grupo 11]] [[eo:Elemento de grupo 11]] [[eu:11. taldeko elementu]] [[fr:Éléments du groupe 11]] [[ko:11족 원소]] [[it:Elementi del gruppo 11]] [[sw:Elementi ya kundi la 11]] [[lmo:Grupp 11 de la taula periòdica]] [[mi:Pūmotu rōpū 11]] [[nl:Kopergroep]] [[ja:第11族元素]] [[nn:Gruppe 11]] [[sk:11. skupina]] [[sv:Myntmetaller]] [[th:โลหะคอยน์เอจ]] [[vi:Nhóm nguyên tố 11]]