Guangzhou
12537
225433087
2008-07-13T17:49:48Z
75.25.126.248
/* Major educational institutions */
{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = City of Guangzhou
|native_name = 广州市
|nickname = The Flower City, Five Rams City
|motto =
|image_skyline = Tianhe, Guangzhou.jpg
|image_caption = Tianhe, Guangzhou
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map = Location of Guangzhou within Guangdong (China).png
|map_caption = Location within China
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Province (China)|Province]]
|subdivision_name = {{PRC}}
|subdivision_name1 = [[Guangdong]]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Zhang Guangning
|established_title = Officiated
|established_date = 1918
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 7434.4
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_km2 =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 = 3843.4
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|County_sq_mi = 2870
|population_footnotes = {{Fact|date=February 2007}}
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_note =
|population_total = 7,607,200
|population_density_km2 = 1023
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_metro = 9,754,600
|population_density_metro_km2 = 1627
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban = 6,253,300
|timezone = [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
|utc_offset = +8
|latd=23 |latm=06 |lats=32 |latNS=N
|longd=113 |longm=15 |longs=53 |longEW=E
|elevation_m = 11
|elevation_ft = 37
|website = http://www.guangzhou.gov.cn/
|footnotes =
}}{{Chinese|order=st|s=广州|t=廣州|showflag=jp||p=Guǎngzhōu|w=Kuang-chou<br/>{{Audio|zh-Guangzhou.ogg|[Listen]}}|j=Gwong² zau<sup>1</sup>|y=Gwóngjàu|poj= kńg-chiu|h=[gong<sub>31</sub> zu<sub>24</sub>] |psp=Canton}} [[Image:Guangzhou citic plaza.jpg|thumb|250px|CITIC Plaza]]
<!-- Infobox ends -->
'''Guangzhou''' ({{zh-stp|t=廣州|s=[[wikt:广|广]][[wikt:州|州]]|p=Guǎngzhōu}}; [[jyutping]] : ''Gwong²zau¹''; [[Yale_Romanization#Cantonese|Yale]]: ''Gwóngjàu'') is the [[capital]] and a [[sub-provincial city]] of [[Guangdong]] [[Province of China|Province]] in the [[northern and southern China|southern]] part of the [[People's Republic of China]]. The city is also known by an older [[English language|English]] name, '''Canton'''. It is a port on the [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]], [[navigable river|navigable]] to the [[South China Sea]], and is located about 120 km (75 miles) northwest of [[Hong Kong]]. As of the 2000 census, the city has a population of 6 million, and a metropolitan population of roughly 8.5 million (though some estimates are as high as 12.6 million){{Fact|date=July 2007}} making it the most populous city in the province and the [[List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population|third most populous]] [[metropolitan area]] in mainland [[China]]. The official estimate of the metro's population at end 2006 by the Provincial Government was 9,754,600.
==Geography==
Guangzhou is located at 112°57'E to 114°3'E and 22°26'N to 23°56'N. The city is part of the [[Pearl River Delta]].
Guangzhou has a humid subtropical climate influenced by the Asian monsoon. Summers are wet with high temperatures and a high humidity index. Winters are mild, dry and sunny.
==Population==
Population (2006):
Metro - 9,754,600, Urban - 6,253,300, and City - 7,607,200
{| class="wikitable" style="float"
|-
! Districts/Cities
!Population
|----------
|Yuexiu
|1,151,481
|----------
|Liwan
|705,262
|----------
|Haizhu
|890,512
|----------
|Tianhe
|645,453
|----------
|Baiyun
|767,688
|----------
|Huangpu
|193,641
|----------
|Huadu
|636,706
|----------
|Panyu
|947,607
|----------
|Nansha
|147,579
|----------
|Luogang
|167,360
|----------
|Zengcheng City
|810,554
|----------
|Conghua City
|543,377
|----------
|}
==Administrative divisions==
Guangzhou is a [[sub-provincial city]]. It has direct jurisdiction over ten [[District of China|districts]] and two [[county-level city|county-level cities]].
<div style="position: relative; font-size:85%">
[[Image:BlankGuangzhouMap.png]]
{{Image label|x=135|y=375|text=[[Yuexiu District, Guangzhou|Yuexiu]]}}
{{Image label|x=100|y=399|text=[[Liwan District, Guangzhou|Liwan]]}}
{{Image label|x=150|y=399|text=[[Haizhu District, Guangzhou|Haizhu]]}}
{{Image label|x=175|y=372|text=[[Tianhe District, Guangzhou|Tianhe]]}}
{{Image label|x=150|y=313|text=[[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun]]}}
{{Image label|x=214|y=395|text=[[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]]}}
{{Image label|x=085|y=233|text=[[Huadu District, Guangzhou|Huadu]]}}
{{Image label|x=180|y=480|text=[[Panyu District, Guangzhou|Panyu]]}}
{{Image label|x=260|y=580|text=[[Nansha District, Guangzhou|Nansha]]}}
{{Image label|x=220|y=337|text=[[Luogang District, Guangzhou|Luogang]]}}
{{Image label|x=250|y=415|text=[[Luogang District, Guangzhou|Luogang]]}}
{{Image label|x=250|y=169|text=[[Conghua City, Guangzhou|Conghua City]]}}
{{Image label|x=314|y=303|text=[[Zengcheng City, Guangzhou|Zengcheng City]]}}
</div>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
![[Chinese character]]s ([[Hanzi]])
![[Hanyu Pinyin]]
|----------
!colspan="5" style="background-color:#F0F0F0" |Districts
|----------
|[[Yuexiu District, Guangzhou|Yuexiu]]
|越秀区 / 越秀區
|Yuèxiù Qū
|----------
|[[Liwan District, Guangzhou|Liwan]]
|荔湾区 / 荔灣區
|Lìwān Qū
|----------
|[[Haizhu District, Guangzhou|Haizhu]]
|海珠区 / 海珠區
|Hǎizhū Qū
|----------
|[[Tianhe District, Guangzhou|Tianhe]]
|天河区 / 天河區
|Tiānhé Qū
|----------
|[[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun]]
|白云区 / 白雲區
|Báiyún Qū
|----------
|[[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]]
|黄埔区 / 黃埔區
|Huángpǔ Qū
|----------
|[[Huadu District, Guangzhou|Huadu]]
|花都区 / 花都區
|Huādu Qū
|----------
|[[Panyu District, Guangzhou|Panyu]]
|番禺区 / 番禺區
|Pānyú Qū
|----------
|[[Nansha District, Guangzhou|Nansha]]
|南沙区 / 南沙區
|Nánshā Qū
|----------
|[[Luogang District, Guangzhou|Luogang]]
|萝岗区 / 蘿崗區
|Luógǎng Qū
|----------
!colspan="5" style="background-color:#F0F0F0" |County-level cities
|----------
|[[Zengcheng City, Guangzhou|Zengcheng City]]
|增城市 / 增城市
|Zēngchéng Shì
|----------
|[[Conghua City, Guangzhou|Conghua City]]
|从化市 / 從化市
|Cónghuà Shì
|}
As of [[April 28]], [[2005]], the districts of Dongshan and Fangcun have been abolished and merged into Yuexiu and Liwan respectively; at the same time the district of Nansha is established out of parts of Panyu, and the district of Luogang is established out of parts of Baiyun, Tianhe, and Zengcheng also a part of Huangpu making an exclave next to Huangpu.
==Road names==
*({{zh-stp |s=中山一路 |t=中山一路 |p=ZhōngShānYīLù}})
*({{zh-stp |s=中山二路 |t=中山二路 |p=ZhōngShānErLù}})
*({{zh-stp |s=中山三路 |t=中山三路 |p=ZhōngShānSānLù}})
*({{zh-stp |s=中山四路 |t=中山四路 |p=ZhōngShānSìLù}})
*({{zh-stp |s=中山五路 |t=中山五路 |p=ZhōngShānWǔLù}})
*({{zh-stp |s=中山六路 |t=中山六路 |p=ZhōngShānLìuLù}})
*({{zh-stp |s=中山七路 |t=中山七路 |p=ZhōngShānQīLù}})
*({{zh-stp |s=中山八路 |t=中山八路 |p=ZhōngShānBāLù}})
*({{zh-stp |s=一德路 |t=一德路 |p=YīDéLù}})
*({{zh-stp |s=二沙岛 |t=二沙島 |p=èrShāDǎo}})
*({{zh-stp |s=三元里 |t=三元里 |p=SānYuánLǐ}})
*({{zh-stp |s=四牌楼 |t=四牌樓 |p=SìPáiLóu}})
*({{zh-stp |s=五凤村 |t=五鳳村 |p=WŭFèngCūn}})
*({{zh-stp |s=六甫水脚 |t=六圃水腳 |p=LìuPǔShǔiJiǎo}})
*({{zh-stp |s=七株榕 |t=七株榕 |p=QīZhūRóng}})
*({{zh-stp |s=八旗二马路 |t=八旗二馬路 |p=BāQíÈrMǎLù}})
*({{zh-stp |s=九如通津 |t=九如通津 |p=JǐuRúTōngJīn}})
*({{zh-stp |s=十三行 |t=十三行 |p=ShíSānHáng}})
==History==
The first known city built at the site of Guangzhou was Panyu (蕃禺, later simplified to 番禺; ''Poon Yu'' in Cantonese) founded in 214 BC. The city has been continuously occupied since that time. Panyu was expanded when it became the capital of the [[Nanyue]] Kingdom (南越) in 206 BC.
Recent archaeological founding of her palace suggests that the city might have traded frequently with by foreigners by the sea routes. The foreign trade continued through every following dynasty and the city remains a major international trading port to this day.
The [[Han Dynasty]] annexed Nanyue in 111 BC, and Panyu became a provincial capital and remains so until this day. In 226 AD, the city however became the seat of the Guang Prefecture (廣州; Guangzhou). Therefore, "Guangzhou" was the name of the prefecture, not of the city. However, people grew accustomed to calling the city Guangzhou, instead of Panyu.
Although the Chinese name of Guangzhou replaced Panyu as the name of the walled city, Panyu was still the name of the area surrounding the walled city until the end of [[Qing]] era.
[[Arab]] and [[Persian people|Persian]] [[pirate]]s sacked Guangzhou (known to them as '''Sin-Kalan''') in AD 758, ² according to a local Guangzhou government report on [[October 30]] [[758]], which corresponded to the day of ''Guisi'' (癸巳) of the ninth [[Chinese calendar|lunar]] month in the first year of the [[Chinese era name|''Qianyuan'' era]] of [[Emperor Suzong of Tang China|Emperor Suzong]] of the [[Tang Dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book | first=Frank | last=Welsh | editor=Maya Rao | year=1974 | title=A Borrowed Place: The History of Hong Kong | id=ISBN 1-56836-134-3 | pages=13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | first=Joseph | last=Needham | title=Science & Civilisation in China | year=1954 | pages=1, 179 | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Sima Guang]] | title=Zizhi Tongjian | language=Chinese}}</ref>
During the Northern Song Dynasty, a celebrated poet called Su Shi (Shisu) visited Guangzhou's [[Temple of the Six Banyan Trees|Baozhuangyan Temple]] and wrote the inscription "Liu Rong" (Six Banyan Trees) because of the six banyan trees he saw there. It has since been called the Temple of the 6 Banyan Trees.
The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] were the first Europeans to arrive to the city by sea, establishing a monopoly on the external trade out of its harbor by 1511. They were later expelled from their settlements in Guangzhou (in Portuguese Cantão), but instead granted use of [[Macau]] as a trade base with the city in 1557. They would keep a near monopoly of foreign trade in the region until the arrival of the Dutch in the early [[17th century|seventeenth century]].
{{wikisourcepar|Littell's Living Age/Volume 160/Issue 2072/The Defence of Canton|an overview of Canton's defences during its heyday.}}
After China claimed control of [[Taiwan]] in 1683, the Qing government became open to encouraging foreign trade. Guangzhou quickly emerged as one of the most adaptable ports for negotiating commerce and before long, many foreign ships were going there to procure cargos. Portuguese in Macau, Spanish in Manila, and Armenians and Muslims from India were already actively trading in the port by the 1690s, when the French and English [[British East India Company]]'s ships began frequenting the port through the [[Canton System]]. Other companies were soon to follow: the [[Ostend Company|Ostend General India company]] in 1717; [[Dutch East India Company]] in 1729; the first Danish ship in 1731, which was followed by a Danish Asiatic Company ship in 1734; the Swedish East India Company in 1732; followed by an occasional Prussian and Trieste Company ship; the Americans in 1784; and the first ships from Australia in 1788. By the middle of the 18th century, Guangzhou had emerged as one of the world's great trading ports under the [[Thirteen Factories]], which was a distinction it maintained until the outbreak of the [[Opium War]]s in 1839 and the opening of other ports in China in 1842. The privilege during this period made Guangzhou one of the top 3 cities in the world.<ref>[http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201e.htm Top 10 Cities of the Year 1800]</ref>
Guangzhou's monopoly on English trade ended with the [[Treaty of Nanking]], signed in 1842 to end the [[First Opium War]] between [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and [[China]]. The treaty opened four new [[treaty ports]], allowing British merchants to trade in [[Fuzhou]], [[Xiamen]], [[Ningbo]], and [[Shanghai]] in addition to Guangzhou.
[[Image:Situationskärtchen von Kanton, Makao, Hongkong.jpg|thumb|1888 German map of Hong Kong, Macau, and Guangzhou]]
In 1918, the city's urban council was established and "Guangzhou" became the official name of the city. Panyu became a county's name to the southern side of Guangzhou. In both 1930 and 1953, Guangzhou was promoted to the status of a Municipality, but each time promotion was cancelled within the year.
Japanese troops occupied Guangzhou from [[October 12, 1938]] to [[September 16, 1945]], after [[Strategic Bombing During World War II#Japanese bombing|violent bombings]]. In the city, the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] conducted bacteriological research [[unit 8604]], a section of [[unit 731]], where Japanese doctors experimented on human prisoners.
Communist forces entered the city on October 14, 1949. Their urban renewal projects improved the lives of some residents. New housing on the shores of the Pearl River provided homes for the poor [[boat people]]. Reforms by [[Deng Xiaoping]], who came to power in the late 1970s, led to rapid economic growth due to the city's close proximity to [[Hong Kong]] and access to the Pearl River.
As labor costs increased in Hong Kong, [[manufacturer]]s opened new plants in the cities of [[Guangdong]] including Guangzhou. As the largest city in one of China's wealthiest provinces, Guangzhou attracts farmers from the countryside looking for factory work. Cantonese links to overseas Chinese and beneficial tax reforms of the 1990s have aided the city's rapid growth.
In 2000, [[Huadu]] and [[Panyu]] were merged into Guangzhou as districts, and [[Conghua]] and [[Zengcheng]] became county-level cities of Guangzhou.
==Economy==
Guangzhou is the economic centre of the [[Pearl River Delta]] and is the heart of one of [[mainland China]]'s leading commercial and manufacturing regions. In 2007, the GDP reached ¥705 billion (about US $100 billion), per capita was ¥85,000 (about US $12,000), [[List of cities in the People's Republic of China by GDP per capita|ranking 6th]] among the other 659 Chinese cities.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
The [[Canton Fair|Chinese Export Commodities Fair]], also called "Canton Fair", is held each spring and autumn by Bo Liu. Inaugurated in the spring of 1957, the Fair is a major event for the city.
==Transportation==
[[Image:Guangzhou-bus.jpg|thumb|One of the new buses]]
[[Image:Guangzhou metro.jpg|thumb|The Guangzhou Metro station at [[Sun Yat-Sen University]] is among several stations that serve the city.]]
With the [[Guangzhou Metro]], opened in 1999, Guangzhou is the fourth city in China to build an underground railway system. Currently there are four lines in operation with an ambitious plan to expand rapidly with three lines under construction and four lines that are being planned.
*The First Line of Guangzhou Metro: From Guangzhou East Railway Station to Xilang Station
*The Second Line of Guangzhou Metro: From Sanyuanli Station to Wanshengwei Station
*The Third Line of Guangzhou Metro: From Guangzhou East Railway Station or Tianhe Coach Terminal to Panyu Square Station
*The Fourth Line of Guangzhou Metro: From Wanshengwei Station to Huangge Station
Guangzhou's main [[airport]] is the [[Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport|New Baiyun International Airport]] in [[Huadu]] District, that opened on [[5 August]] [[2004]] replacing the old [[Baiyun International Airport]] close to the city centre.
Guangzhou is connected to [[Hong Kong]] by train, bus and ferry services. Express trains depart to Hong Kong from the [[Guangzhou East railway station]] ({{zh-stp |s=廣州東站 |t=廣州東站 |p=Gǔangzhōu Dōngzhàn}}) and arrive in Hong Kong at the [[Hung Hom Station|Hung Hom KCR station]]. They cover the 182 km route in approximately two hours.
Daily ferry sailings include an overnight steamer, which takes eight hours, and high-speed catamarans and hydrofoils which take three hours to reach the [[China Ferry Terminal]] or [[Hong Kong-Macau Ferry Pier, Hong Kong|Macau Ferry Pier]] in Hong Kong. The new Nansha Pier (新南沙客運港), located some distance from the city centre, is now open with 6 lines daily traveling between Hong Kong and Guangzhou and taking 75 minutes.
Since [[1 January]] [[2007]], the city government has banned motorcycles from the urban area. Motorcycles found violating the ban will be confiscated.<ref>[http://www.lifeofguangzhou.com/node_10/node_37/node_85/2007/01/03/116778797013245.shtml Life of Guangzhou - Guangzhou Bans Motorcycles]</ref> The Guangzhou traffic bureau has reported reduced traffic problems and accidents in the downtown area since the ban<ref>[http://www.lifeofguangzhou.com/node_10/node_37/node_85/2007/01/19/116916856413959.shtml Life of Guangzhou - Traffic Jam Improve after Motorcycle Ban]</ref>.
According to the newspaper China Daily of [[6 July]] [[2007]], all buses and taxis in Guangzhou will be [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]]-fueled by 2010 to promote clean energy for transportation and improve the environment <ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-07/06/content_911176.htm China Daily - Date set for LPG-fueled buses, taxis]</ref>.
The hub for water transportation along the Pearl River lies in the southern terminus of the Guangzhou-Wuhan RR. Highways completed in the 1990s connect it with other cities on the coast.
== Tourist attractions ==
* [[Chen Family Confucian Academy]] ({{zh-stp |s=陈氏书院 |t=陳氏書院 |p=ChénShìShūYùan}})
* [[Guangdong Museum of Folk Handcraft]]
* [[Shamian Island]] ({{zh-stp |s=沙面岛 |t=沙面島 |p=Shāmàndăo}}; literally, "Sand Face Island")
* [[Guangdong Provincial Museum]] ({{zh-stp |s=广东省博物馆 |t=廣東省博物館 |p=Guǎngdōngshěng Bówògǔan}})
* [[Museum of the Tomb of the King of Southern Yue in Western Han Dynasty]]
[[Image:Canton pagoda de las flores.JPG|right|thumb|Temple of the Six Banyan Trees]]
* [[Temple of the Six Banyan Trees]] ({{zh-stp |s=六榕寺 |t=六榕寺 |p=liùróngsì}})
* [[Sacred Heart Cathedral of Guangzhou|Shishi Sacred Heart Cathedral]]
* [[Huaisheng Mosque]] ({{zh-stp |s=怀圣寺 |t=懷聖寺 |p=huáishèngsì}})
* [[Bright Filial Piety Temple]] ({{zh-stp |s=光孝寺 |t=光孝寺 |p=GuāngXiàosì}})
* [[Chime-Long Paradise]] ({{zh-stp |s=长隆欢乐世界 |t=長隆歡樂世界 |p=chánglónghuānlèshìjiè}})
* [[Chime-Long WaterPark]] ({{zh-stp |s=长隆水上乐园 |t=長隆水上樂園 |p=chánglóngShǔiShànglèYúan}})
* [[Museum of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum of the Nanyue King]]南越王墓({{zh-stp |s=南越王墓 |t=南越王墓 |p=nányuėwángmù}})
* [[Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute]]广州市农民运动讲习所({{zh-stp |s=广州市农民运动讲习所 |t=廣州農民運動講習所|p=GuǎngZhōuNóngMíngJiǎngXíSuǒ}})
[[Image:Sacré-Cœur de Shizhi.jpg|thumb|right|Shishi Sacred Heart Cathedral]]
==Local products==
* Canton Sculpture includes Canton Ivory Carvings, Jade Sculpture, Wood Sculpture and Olive Sculpture.
* Canton Enamel is short for Guangzhou Colorful Pottery. It has a history of over 300 years.
* Canton Embroidery, namely Yue Embroidery, is one of the Four Famous Chinese Embroideries together with Su Embroidery, Xiang Embroidery and Shu Embroidery.
* Canton Bacon is the general designation of cured meat in the Guangzhou Area.
==Parks==
* [[Baiyun Mountain]] ({{zh-stp |s=白云山 |t=白雲山 |p=Báiyúnshān}}; literally "White Cloud Mountain")
* [[Lie Shi Ling Yuan]] ({{zh-stp |s=广州起义烈士陵园 |t=烈士陵園 |p=lièshìlíngyuán}})
* [[Yue Xiu Park]] ({{zh-stp |s=越秀公园|t=越秀公園 |p=yuèxiùgōngyuán}})
==Significant buildings==
* [[Guangdong Olympic Stadium]] ({{zh-stp |s=广东奥林匹克体育场|t=廣東奧林匹克體育場 |p=guǎngdōngàolínpǐkètǐyùchǎng}})
* [[CITIC Plaza]] ({{zh-stp |s=中信广场|t=中信廣場 |p=zhōngxìnguǎngchǎng}})
* [[Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower]] ({{zh-stp |s=广州电视观光塔|t=廣州電視觀光塔 |p=guǎngzhōudiànshìguānguāngtǎ}})
* [[Guangzhou TV Tower]] ({{zh-stp |s=广州电视塔|t=廣州電視塔 |p=guǎngzhōudiànshìtǎ}})
* [[Pearl River Tower]] ({{zh-stp |s=珠江城|t=珠江城 |p=zhūjiāngchéng}})
* [[Guangzhou Zhujiang Brewery Group]] ({{zh-stp |s=广州珠江啤酒集团|t=廣州珠江啤酒集團 |p=guǎngzhōuzhūjiāngpíjiǔjítuán}})
Plans are also underway to build what will become the world's tallest free-standing 610 m tall [[Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower]] for the [[2010 Asian Games]].
==Hotels==
* [[The Garden Hotel]] ({{zh-stp |s=花园酒店|t=花園酒店 |p=huāyuánjiǔdiàn}})
* [[China Hotel]] ({{zh-stp |s=中国大酒店|t=中國大酒店 |p=zhōngguódàjiǔdiàn}})
* [[White Swan Hotel]] ({{zh-stp |s=白天鵝宾馆|t=白天鵝賓館 |p=báitiānébïnguǎn}})
* [[DongFang Hotel]] ({{zh-stp |s=东方宾馆|t=東方賓館 |p=DōngFāangBīngGuǎn}})
* [[Holiday Inn City Centre Guangzhou]] ({{zh-stp |s=广州文化假日酒店|t=廣州文化假日酒店 |p=GuǎngZhōuWénHuàJiàRìJǐuDiàn}})
* [[Grand International Hotel]] ({{zh-stp |s= 广州嘉逸国际酒店 |t=廣州嘉逸國際酒店 |p=GuǎngZhōuJiāYìGuóJìJǐuDiàn}})
* [[Ramada Pearl Hotel Guangzhou]] ({{zh-stp |s= 广州凯旋华美达大酒店 |t=廣州凱旋華美達大酒店 |p=GuǎngZhōuKǎiXuánHuáMěiDáDàJǐuDiàn}})
* [[Guangzhou Westin hotel]] ({{zh-stp |s=广州天誉威斯汀酒店|t=廣州天誉威斯汀酒店 |p=Guǎngzhōutiānyùwēishìdīngjiǔdiàn}})
* [[Guangzhou Chimelong Hotel]] ({{zh-stp |s=广州长隆酒店 |t=廣州長隆酒店 |p=GuǎngZhōuChángLóngJǐuDiàn}})
==Media==
Guangdong and the greater metropolitan area is served by several [[Guangdong Radio]] stations and [[Guangdong TV]]. There is an international station [[Radio Guangdong]] which broadcasts information about this region to the entire world through the [[World Radio Network]].
==Culture==
* [[Cantonese (linguistics)]]
* [[Cantonese cuisine]]
* [[Cantonese opera]]
* [[Guangdong music (genre)]]
== Education ==
===Major educational institutions===
'''International Schools'''
* [[American International School of Guangzhou]]
'''National'''
*[[Sun Yat-sen University]] (中山大学) (founded 1924)
*[[South China University of Technology]] (华南理工大学)
*[[South China Normal University]] (华南师范大学)
*[[Jinan University]] (暨南大学) (founded 1906)
'''Public'''
* Guangdong University of Finance (Longdong)
*[[Guangdong University of Foreign Studies]] (广东外语外贸大学)
*[[South China Agricultural University]] (华南农业大学) (founded 1909)
*[[Zhongkai Agrotechnical College]] (仲恺农业技术学院) (founded 1927)
*[[Shantou University]] (汕头大学)
*[[Guangzhou Medical College]] (广州医学院)
*[[Guangzhou University of TCM]] (广州中医药大学) [http://www.gzhtcm.edu.cn/en/index.html (English-language site)]
*[[Guangdong College of Pharmacy]] (广东药学院)
*[[Guangdong University of Technology]] (广东工业大学)
*[[Guangzhou University]] (广州大学)
*[[Guangdong Institute of Science and Technology]] (广东省科技干部学院)
*[[Guangdong Business College]] (广东商学院)
*[[Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts]] (广州美术学院)
*[[Xinghai Conservatory of Music]] (星海音乐学院)
*[[GuangDong Polytechnic Normal University]] (广东技术师范学院)
*[[Guangzhou Physical Education Institute]] (广州体育学院)
'''Guangzhou Higher Education Mega'''
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega is home to 10 of the province's universities' campuses, many of whom also have campuses located elsewhere.
They are listed as below:
*[[Sun Yat-sen University]] (中山大学)
*[[South China University of Technology]](华南理工大学)
*[[South China Normal University]](华南师范大学)
*[[Guangdong University of Technology]](广东工业大学)
*[[Guangdong University of Forign Studies]](广东外语外贸大学)
*[[Guangzhou University of TCM]] (广州中医药大学) [http://www.gzhtcm.edu.cn/en/index.html (English-language site)]
*[[Guangdong College of Pharmacy]] (广东药学院)
*[[Guangzhou University]](广州大学)
*[[Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts]] (广州美术学院)
*[[Xinghai Conservatory of Music]](星海音乐学院)
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega can accommodate up to 200,000 students, 20,000 teachers and 50,000 staff. <ref>
{{cite web
| title = Mega Campus goes Wireless
| url=http://www.intel.com/business/casestudies/guangzhou_higher_education.pdf }}</ref>.
'''High School'''
* [[Guangdong Experimental High School]] ({{zh-stp |s=广东实验中学 |t=廣東實驗中學 |p=GuăngDōngShíYànZhōngXúe}})
* [[The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University]] ({{zh-stp |s=华南师范大学附属中学 |t=華南師範大學附屬中學 |p=HuáNánShĩFànDàXúeFùShǔZhōngXúe}})
* [[Guangzhou No.47 High School]] ({{zh-stp |s=广州市第四十七中学 |t=廣州市第四十七中學 |p=GuăngZhōuDìSìShìQiZhōngXúe}})
* [[Guangzhou No.6 High School]] ({{zh-stp |s=广州市第六中学 |t=廣州市第六中學 |p=GuăngZhōuDìLìuZhōngXúe}})
* [[Guangdong Guangya Middle School]] ({{zh-stp |s=广东广雅中学 |t=廣東廣雅中學 |p=GuăngDōngGuăngYàZhōngXúe}})
* [[Guangzhou Zhi Xin Middle School]] ({{zh-stp |s=广州市执信中学 |t=廣州市執信中學 |p=GuăngZhōuZhíXìnZhōngXúe}})
* [[Guangzhou No.8 High School]] ({{zh-stp |s=广州市第八中学(培英中学)|t=廣州市第八中學 |p=GuăngZhōuDìBaZhōngXúe}})
* [[Guangzhou 109 Secondary School]] ({{zh-stp |s=广州市第一零九中学 |t=廣州市第一零九中學 |p=GuăngZhōuShìDìYīLíngJǐuZhōngXúe}})
Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.
== Sister locations ==
[[Image:Pearl River in Guangzhou.JPG|thumb|250px|Pearl River at night]]
[[Image:Hyperboloid Shuckhov Tower in Guangzhou during construction.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower]], 2007]]
Canton is [[Town twinning|twinned]] with the following places:
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Fukuoka, Fukuoka|Fukuoka]], [[Japan]] (May 1979)
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], [[United States]] ([[March 2]], [[1982]])
* {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] (November 1982)
* {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Vancouver]], [[Canada]] (March 1985)
* {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] (May 1986)
* {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Viña Del Mar]], [[Chile]] (November 1986)
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Frankfurt am Main]], [[Germany]] ([[April 11]], [[1988]])
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], [[France]] (November 1988)
* {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]], (February 1989)
* {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Gwangju]], [[South Korea]] (October 1996)
* {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Linköping]], [[Sweden]] (November 1997)
* {{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Durban]], [[South Africa]] (July 2000)
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Bristol]], [[United Kingdom]] (May 2001)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Russia]] ([[July 10]], [[2002]])
* {{flagicon|Peru}} [[Arequipa]], [[Peru]] ([[October 27]], [[2004]])
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Birmingham]], [[United Kingdom]] (Dec 2006)
* {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]]
* {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Recife]], [[Brazil]]
* {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Surabaya]], [[Indonesia]] (Dec 2005)
==See also==
*[[Rafael Perestrello]]
*[[Fernão Pires de Andrade]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Graham E. |title=Historical Dictionary of Guangzhou (Canton) and Guangdong |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1999 |publisher=The Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham, MD |isbn=978-0810835160 |pages= }}
*{{cite book |last=Lee |first=Edward Bing-Shuey |title=Modern Canton |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1936 |publisher=The Mercury Press |location=Shanghai |isbn= |pages= }}
*{{cite book |last=Ng |first=Yong Sang |title=Canton, City of the Rams: A General Description and a Brief Historical Survey |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1936 |publisher=M.S. Cheung |location=Canton |isbn= |pages= |id={{ASIN|B0008D1HHO}} }}
*{{cite book |last=Shaw |first=Samuel |title=The journals of Major Samuel Shaw : the first American consul at Canton : with a life of the author |authorlink= |coauthors=Josiah Quincy |year=1847 |publisher=Wm. Crosby and H.P. Nichols |location=Boston |isbn= |url=http://www.archive.org/details/journalsofmajors00shaw |accessdate=2008-04-05 }} Shaw, Samuel (1754-1794).
*{{cite book |last=Vogel |first=Ezra F. |title=Canton Under Communism: Programs and Politics in a Provincial Capita, 1949–1968 |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1969 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, MA |isbn=978-0674094758 |pages= }}
==External links==
{{commonscat|Guangzhou}}
*[http://english.gz.gov.cn/ Guangzhou Government website]
*{{wikitravel|Guangzhou}}
*[http://www.lifeofguangzhou.com/ Life of Guangzhou]
{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Nanjing]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Historical capitals of China|Capital of the Republic of China (during Chinese Civil War)]]
|years=1949}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Chongqing]]}}
{{end}}
{{Pearl River Delta}}
{{Guangzhou}}
{{Guangdong}}
{{Major cities of Greater China}}
{{World's most populated urban areas}}
{{coor title dm|23|06|N|113|15|E|region:CN_type:city}}
[[Category:214 BC establishments]]
[[Category:Guangzhou| ]]
[[Category:Sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Provincial capitals in China]]
[[Category:Treaty of Nanking|Canton]]
[[ar:قوانغتشو]]
[[bs:Guangzhou]]
[[bg:Гуанджоу]]
[[ca:Canton]]
[[cs:Kanton (Čína)]]
[[za:Gvangjcouh]]
[[da:Guangzhou]]
[[de:Guangzhou]]
[[el:Καντώνα]]
[[es:Cantón (China)]]
[[eo:Kantono (Ĉinio)]]
[[eu:Guangzhou]]
[[fa:گوانگژو]]
[[fr:Canton (Chine)]]
[[gl:Guangzhou]]
[[gan:廣州]]
[[ko:광저우]]
[[id:Guangzhou]]
[[it:Canton]]
[[he:גואנגג'ואו]]
[[lb:Guangzhou]]
[[lt:Guangdžou]]
[[ms:Guangzhou]]
[[nl:Kanton (stad)]]
[[ja:広州市]]
[[no:Guangzhou]]
[[nn:Guangzhou]]
[[pl:Kanton (Chiny)]]
[[pt:Cantão (China)]]
[[ro:Guangzhou]]
[[ru:Гуанчжоу]]
[[sk:Kanton (mesto)]]
[[sr:Гуангџоу]]
[[fi:Guangzhou]]
[[sv:Guangzhou]]
[[tt:Kanton]]
[[th:กว่างโจว]]
[[vi:Quảng Châu]]
[[wuu:广州]]
[[zh-yue:廣州]]
[[zh:广州市]]