Guanosine triphosphate
396089
222187405
2008-06-28T00:02:48Z
Ginosbot
7020891
robot Modifying: [[pt:Trifosfato de guanosina]]
{{Chembox new
| ImageFile = GTP_chemical_structure.png
| ImageSize =
| IUPACName =
| OtherNames = guanosine-5'-triphosphate, 9-β-D-ribofuranosylguanine-5'-triphosphate, 9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-2-amino-6-oxo-purine-5'-triphosphate
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 86-01-1
| PubChem =
| SMILES =
| MeSHName = Guanosine+triphosphate
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub>N<sub>5</sub>O<sub>14</sub>P<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 523.18
| Appearance =
| Density =
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPt =
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| Solubility =
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| Autoignition =
}}
}}
'''Guanosine-5'-triphosphate''' ('''GTP''') is a [[purine]] [[nucleotide]]. One role is as substrate for the synthesis of [[RNA]] during [[transcription (genetics)|transcription]]. Its structure is similar to that of the [[guanine]] nucleoside, the only difference being that there are three extra [[phosphate]] groups added on to the 5' carbon.
It also has the role of a source of energy or an activator of substrates in metabolic reactions, like that of [[adenosine triphosphate|ATP]], but more specific. It is used as a source of energy for [[protein biosynthesis|protein synthesis]].
GTP is essential to [[signal transduction]], particularly with [[G-proteins]], where it is converted to [[Guanosine diphosphate|GDP]] (guanosine diphosphate) through the action of [[GTPase]]s.
==Energy transfer==
GTP is involved in energy transfer within the cell. For instance, a GTP molecule is generated by one of the enzymes in the [[citric acid cycle]]. This is tantamount to the generation of one molecule of [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]], since GTP is readily converted to ATP.<ref name=[[Stryer]]>{{cite book |last= Berg |first=JM |coauthors= JL Tymoczko, L Stryer |title= Biochemistry|edition=5th Edition |pages =476|publisher= WH Freeman and Company |year=2002 |isbn= 0-7167-4684-0}}</ref>
==cGTP== <!--cyclic guanosine triphosphate redirects here-->
Cyclic guanosine triphosphate (cGTP) helps [[cyclic adenosine monophosphate]] (cAMP) activate [[cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel]]s in the [[olfactory system]] <ref name=boron> Medical Physiology, Boron & Boulpaep, ISBN 1-4160-2328-3, Elsevier Saunders 2005. Updated edition. Page 90. </ref>.
==References==
<references/>
{{Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides}}
[[Category:Nucleotides]]
{{biochem-stub}}
[[cs:Guanosintrifosfát]]
[[da:Guanosintrifosfat]]
[[de:Guanosintriphosphat]]
[[es:Guanosín trifosfato]]
[[eo:Guanosina trifosfato]]
[[fr:Guanosine triphosphate]]
[[it:Guanosintrifosfato]]
[[lt:GTP]]
[[hu:Guanozin-trifoszfát]]
[[nl:Guanosinetrifosfaat]]
[[ja:グアノシン三リン酸]]
[[pl:Guanozynotrifosforan]]
[[pt:Trifosfato de guanosina]]
[[fi:Guanosiinitrifosfaatti]]
[[sv:Guanosintrifosfat]]
[[zh:三磷酸鸟苷]]