Gustaf Retzius
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2008-07-04T16:26:38Z
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{{Infobox Scientist
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|box_width =
|image =Retzius,G.jpg
|image_size =200px
|caption = {{PAGENAME}}
|birth_date = [[17 October]] [[1842]]
|birth_place = [[Stockholm]]
|death_date = [[21 July]] [[1919]]
|death_place =
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = [[Sweden|Swedish]]
|ethnicity =
|field = [[histology]]
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater = [[Uppsala University]]<br/> [[Lund University]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[nervous system]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
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|signature =
}}'''Magnus Gustaf Retzius''' ([[17 October]] [[1842]] – [[21 July]] [[1919]]) was a [[Sweden|Swedish]] physician and anatomist who dedicated a large part of his life to researching the [[histology]] of the [[sense organs]] and [[nervous system]].
Retzius was born in [[Stockholm]], son of the anatomist [[Anders Retzius]] (and grandson of the naturalist and chemist [[Anders Jahan Retzius]]). He enrolled at [[Uppsala University]] in 1860, and received his ''[[medicine kandidat]]'' degree there in 1866, transferred to the [[Karolinska Institute]] (KI), where he became ''[[Licentiate|medicine licentiat]]'' in 1869 and completed his doctorate in medicine (Ph.D.) in 1871 at [[Lund University]]. He received an extraordinary professorship in [[histology]] at KI in 1877 and an ordinary professorship in anatomy there in 1889 (acting from 1888), but resigned in 1890 after conflicts with other members of the institute; his wealthy marriage actually allowed him to pursue his research and writing without employment.
Gustaf Retzius published more than 300 scientific works in anatomy, [[embryology]], [[eugenics]], [[craniometry]], [[zoology]] and [[botany]]. He gave his name to the millimeter-long Retzius cells in the central nervous system of the leech (Hirudo medicinalis). He was also a [[journalist]] and the editor of the newspaper [[Aftonbladet]] (1884-87). Retzius was married to Anna Hierta, daughter of Aftonbladet's founder [[Lars Johan Hierta]].
Gustaf Retzius was politically liberal and socially active. Together with his wife he founded the [[Hierta-Retzius foundation]], which is now administered by the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]. The foundation has two funds, one for the promotion of biological research and the other for supporting projects of an important scientific or social nature. In 1901 Gustaf Retzius became a member of the [[Swedish Academy]].
==References==
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Sjöstrand
|first=Lars
|authorlink=
|year=[[2008]]|month=.
|title=[Gustaf Retzius--great researcher and controversial cultural personality]
|journal=[[Lakartidningen]]
|volume=105
|issue=8
|pages=559–61
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 18363303
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Hawkins
|first=Joseph E
|authorlink=
|year=[[2005]]|month=.
|title=Sketches of [[otohistory]]. Part 6: Gustaf Retzius
|journal=[[Audiol. Neurootol.]]
|volume=10
|issue=2
|pages=65–8
| publisher = | location =
| pmid = 15650297
|doi = 10.1159/000083361
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Grant
|first=G
|authorlink=
|year=[[1999]]|month=Aug.
|title=Gustaf Retzius and [[Camillo Golgi]]
|journal=[[Journal of the history of the neurosciences]]
|volume=8
|issue=2
|pages=151–63
| publisher = | location =
| pmid = 11624296
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|doi=10.1076/jhin.8.2.151.1835
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Grant
|first=G
|authorlink=
|year=[[2000]]|month=Jan.
|title=[The histologist and anatomist Gustaf Retzius. He never received the Nobel Prize in spite of his twelve nominations]
|journal=[[Lakartidningen]]
|volume=97
|issue=1-2
|pages=64–70
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 10668335
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=Afzelius
|first=B A
|authorlink=
|year=[[1995]]|month=Oct.
|title=Gustaf Retzius and [[sperm|spermatology]]
|journal=[[Int. J. Dev. Biol.]]
|volume=39
|issue=5
|pages=675–85
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 8645550
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
*{{cite journal
| quotes = yes
|last=HAGGQVIST
|first=G
|authorlink=
|year=[[1960]]|month=Dec.
|title=[Gustaf RETZIUS.]
|journal=[[Svenska läkartidningen]]
|volume=57
|issue=
|pages=3699–706
| publisher = | location = | issn =
| pmid = 13710525
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Retzius, Gustaf}}
[[Category:1842 births]]
[[Category:1919 deaths]]
[[Category:Karolinska Institutet faculty]]
[[Category:Members of the Swedish Academy]]
[[Category:People connected to Lund University]]
[[Category:Swedish scientists]]
[[pl:Gustaf Retzius]]
[[sv:Gustaf Retzius]]