HMS Cardiff (D108)
447499
224388459
2008-07-08T17:10:37Z
Ryan4314
1821810
w/l
{{otherships|HMS Cardiff}}
{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
{{Infobox Ship Image
|Ship image=[[Image:HMS Cardiff (D108) 1.jpg|300px]]
|Ship caption=HMS ''Cardiff'' in Portsmouth, circa 2005
}}
{{Infobox Ship Career
|Ship country=UK
|Ship flag=[[Image:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|Royal Navy Ensign]]
|Ship name=
|Ship namesake=[[Wales|Welsh]] capital city of [[Cardiff]]
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering]]
|Ship laid down=[[6 November]] [[1972]]
|Ship launched=[[22 February]] [[1974]]
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=[[24 September]] [[1979]]
|Ship decommissioned=[[14 July]] [[2005]]
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship honours=2 [[battle honour]]s ([[Falklands War|Falklands]] & [[Gulf War|Gulf]]),<br />[[Navy News]] "Ship of the Month" (January 1996),<ref name="Navy News"/><br />[[Freedom of the City]] of Cardiff<ref name="BBC NEWS Cardiff's final visit">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4654149.stm|title=HMS Cardiff's final visit to city|publisher=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=2008-03-09|date=[[2005-07-06]]}}</ref>
|Ship fate=Awaiting disposal
|Ship motto={{lang|la|''Acris in cardine rerum''}}—[[Latin]] for "Keen in emergency"
|Ship nickname="The Welsh Warship"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/static/pages/1091.html|title=HMS Cardiff|publisher=web.archive.org|accessdate=2008-06-02|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20050709235903/www.royal-navy.mod.uk/static/pages/1091.html
|archivedate=2005-07-09}}</ref>
|Ship notes=[[Pennant number#Deck codes|Deck code]]: '''CF'''
|Ship badge=[[Image:HMS Cardiff Crest.gif|60px|HMS Cardiff's crest]]
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
|Ship type=[[Type 42 destroyer]]
|Ship displacement=4,000 tons
|Ship length={{convert|125|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|14.3|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|5.8|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=2 x [[COGOG]] turbines producing {{convert|36|MW|shp|abbr=on}}, driving 2 shafts
|Ship speed={{convert|30|kn|km/h|abbr=on|lk=on}}
|Ship range={{convert|4000|nmi|km|abbr=on|lk=on}} at {{convert|18|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}
|Ship complement=287–301
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=2 x [[Sea Dart missile]] launchers<br/ >1 x [[4.5 inch (114 mm) Mark 8 naval gun|4.5 inch (114 mm) Mk.8 gun]]<br/ >2 x [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20 mm Oerlikon guns]]<br/ >2 x [[Phalanx CIWS|Phalanx close-in weapon system]]<br/ >2 x triple [[anti-submarine]] torpedo tubes<br/ >[[Seagnat|NATO Seagnat]] and [[DLF3]] decoy launchers
|Ship armour=
|Ship aircraft=[[Westland Lynx|Lynx]] H[[Anti-submarine warfare|AS]].3
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''HMS ''Cardiff'' (D108)''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Type 42 destroyer|Type 42]] [[destroyer]] and the third ship of the [[Royal Navy]] to be named in honour of the [[Wales|Welsh]] capital city of [[Cardiff]]. Construction was started by [[Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd]] in [[Barrow-in-Furness]], [[Cumbria]], and completed by [[Swan Hunter]] in Tyne and Wear. HMS Cardiff was launched on [[22 February]] [[1974]].
During her career, ''Cardiff'' served in the [[Falklands War]], where she shot down the last [[Argentina|Argentine]] aircraft of the conflict and accepted the surrender of a 700-strong garrison in the settlement of [[Port Howard]]. During the 1991 [[Gulf War]], her [[Westland Lynx|Lynx]] helicopter sank two [[Iraq]]i [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweepers]]. She later participated in the build-up to the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] as part of the Royal Navy's constant [[Armilla Patrol]]; ''Cardiff'' thwarted attempts to smuggle oil out of the country, but was not involved in the actual invasion.
''Cardiff'' was [[Ship decommissioning|decommissioned]] in July 2005, having earned two [[battle honour]]s for service in the Falklands and Gulf wars. She is currently moored in [[HMNB Portsmouth|Portsmouth Harbour]], next to sister ship {{HMS|Newcastle|D87|6}}. Former servicemen have petitioned for her preservation as a [[museum ship]] and local tourist attraction at Cardiff, but her fate remains undecided.
==Construction==
The [[Type 42 destroyer|Type 42]] destroyers (also known as the ''Sheffield''-class) were made in three batches;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.military-today.com/navy/type_42_sheffield_class.htm|title=Type 42 Sheffield class|publisher=MiltaryToday|accessdate=2008-04-26}}</ref> ''Cardiff'' was built in the first. She cost over [[Pound Sterling|£]]30 million, which was double her original quoted price.<ref>{{cite book |title=Intelligence, Defence, and Diplomacy: British Policy in the Post-War World |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oSZHqtcBBKEC&pg=PA119&vq=cardiff&dq=%22HMS+Cardiff%22&lr=&as_brr=3&source=gbs_search_s&sig=1gnWUEj2rqDGNwTdNjMhsmgG-Kk |accessdate=2008-03-10 |last=Aldrich |first=Richard James |year=1994 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=0714641405 |pages=p. 119}}</ref> Her [[keel]] was laid down on [[6 November]] [[1972]], at [[Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd]] in [[Cumbria]]. The build was interrupted by a labour shortage at Vickers. To solve this problem, she was towed to [[Swan Hunter]] in [[Tyne and Wear]] and completed there.<ref name="isbn1-904381-18-9">{{cite book |last=Daniel|first=R.J|year=2003|title=The End of an Era |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=iDeBCVj_PJQC&pg=PA216&dq=%22hms+cardiff%22&sig=nE95gGQJ1w5ZY8A3R9VX3Gv7O7k |publisher=Periscope Publishing Ltd |pages=p. 216|isbn=1-904381-18-9 |accessdate=2008-03-10}}</ref>
Type 42s were designed as [[anti-aircraft]] vessels primarily equipped with the [[Sea Dart missile|Sea Dart]], a [[surface-to-air missile]] system capable of hitting targets up to {{convert|30|nmi|km}} away.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.2216|title=Sea Dart|publisher=Royal Navy|accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref> ''Cardiff''’s secondary weapon system was a [[4.5 inch (114 mm) Mark 8 naval gun|4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun]], capable of firing {{convert|21|kg|lb|adj=on}} shells to a range of {{convert|22000|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.2221|title=114 mm (4.5 inch) Gun|publisher=Royal Navy|accessdate=2008-02-10}}</ref> After the Falklands War, in which two Type 42s were sunk by enemy aircraft, the entire class was equipped with the [[Phalanx CIWS|Phalanx]] [[close-in weapon system]],<ref name="HazeGray">{{cite web|url=http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/rn/destroyers/type42/|title=Type 42 destroyer|publisher=[[Haze gray and underway]] website|accessdate=2008-02-10}}</ref> a [[Gatling gun|Gatling cannon]] that fires 3,000 rounds per minute and is designed to shoot down [[anti-ship missile]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/weaps/mk-15.htm|title=MK 15 Phalanx Close-In Weapons System (CIWS)|last=Pike|first=John|date=[[2003-01-09]]|publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]]|accessdate=2008-02-10}}</ref>
==Operational history==
===Early career===
''Cardiff'' was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on [[22 February]] [[1974]] by [[Lady Caroline Gilmore]].<ref name="BHCA">{{cite web|url=http://www.britishhighcommission.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1084277289672|title=Visiting British Naval Ships British High Commission, Accra|publisher=[[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]]|accessdate=2008-02-10}}</ref> Following [[fitting-out]] and [[sea trial]]s, ''Cardiff'' [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on [[24 September]] [[1979]] under command of Captain [[Barry Wilson (Royal Navy officer)|Barry Wilson]].<ref name=NavyNews>{{cite web|url=http://www.navynews.co.uk/falklands/ships/cardiff.asp#|title=Navy News - The Falklands Conflict - Fact Card - HMS Cardiff|publisher=''[[Navy News]]''|accessdate=2008-02-10}}</ref> During the next 12 months of active service she steamed over {{convert|13000|mi|km}} and undertook various duties. She returned to her place of construction, [[Tyne and Wear]], so that the [[Swan Hunter]] crew who fitted her out could exhibit the warship to their families. In the spirit of establishing a firm association, ''Cardiff'' visited her namesake city and welcomed more than 7,000 people on-board. Her crew raised over [[Pound Sterling|£]]1,000 for local charities by participating in sponsored bicycle rides and [[dinghy]] rows from [[Portsmouth]] and [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]. [[BBC Radio Wales]] based an entire programme on her and she appeared on the [[BBC]] and [[ITV]] national television channels. In November 1979, ''Cardiff'' coordinated the search for survivors of the {{MV|Pool Fisher}}, which sank off the [[Isle of Wight]] with the loss of most of her crew.<ref name=NavyNews />
In 1980, she attended the annual [[Navy Days]] event at Portsmouth and [[Portland Harbour]], receiving a total of 17,300 visitors. In October of the same year, she ventured abroad for the first time on a visit to [[Ghent]], [[Belgium]]. She followed this with a fortnight of Sea Dart exercises on a range off [[Aberporth]], in [[South Wales]]. Whilst in the region, the destroyer attended celebrations marking the 75th anniversary of Cardiff's [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]].<ref name=NavyNews />
===Falklands War (1982)===
On [[2 April]] [[1982]], the disputed [[British overseas territory]] of the [[Falkland Islands]] was invaded by neighbouring Argentina. The United Kingdom, nearly {{convert|8000|mi|km}} away, assembled and dispatched a naval [[Events leading to the Falklands War#Task force|task force]], comprising [[aircraft carrier]]s, [[submarine]]s and approximately 7,000 troops, to recapture the islands. The conflict ended in June with the surrender of the Argentine forces.
[[Image:Argentine Boeing 707 crew.jpg|thumb|left|The crew of the TC-92, an Argentine [[Boeing 707]] nearly downed by ''Cardiff'']]
Just over a month before the start of the war, ''Cardiff'', under the command of Captain [[Michael Harris (captain)|Michael Harris]],<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=49194|supp=yes|startpage=16121|date=[[13 December]] [[1982]]|accessdate=2008-05-01}}</ref> had begun a six-month deployment to the [[Persian Gulf]] with the [[Armilla Patrol]]. ''Cardiff'' had relieved her sister ship and [[lead ship|class lead]] {{HMS|Sheffield|D80|6}} of this posting,<ref name="Deployment Diary">{{cite web|url=http://hmscardiff.co.uk/timeline.aspx|title=Deployment Diary|publisher=HMS ''Cardiff''—The 1982 Ship's Company|accessdate=2008-02-11}}</ref> but was herself redeployed to the Falklands effort on [[23 April]]. She sailed alone to [[Gibraltar]]<ref name="Deployment Diary"/> and rendezvoused on [[14 May]] with the [[Bristol Group]] of British warships already heading south to the islands.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.naval-history.net/F37weekseven.htm|title=Task Force Departures from Monday 10th May|publisher=Naval History Net|accessdate=2008-03-05}}</ref>
During the journey, ''Cardiff''’s crew performed various training exercises, including defence against air attack (involving simulation runs by friendly [[Hawker Siddeley Harrier|Harrier]] and [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguar]] aircraft), [[Weapons of mass destruction|nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons]] and [[Exocet]] anti-ship missiles.<ref name="Report of Proceedings">{{cite web|url=http://hmscardiff.co.uk/rop.aspx|title=Report of Proceedings|publisher=HMS ''Cardiff''—The 1982 Ship's Company|accessdate=2008-02-12}}</ref> All British Type 42's involved in the war were instructed to paint two vertical black stripes down either side the middle of their ships. This would allow the Royal Navy submarines to distinguish them from the two Argentine Type 42's.<ref>{{cite book |title= Four Weeks in May|last= Hart-Dyke|first=David |year=2008 |publisher=Atlantic Books |location=Great Britain |isbn=9781843545910 |pages=p. 31 |chapter=Chapter 2 }}</ref> On [[22 May]], an Argentine reconnaissance [[Boeing 707]], no. TC-92 of the [[Argentine Air Force]]'s {{lang|es|''Grupo 1, De Transporte Aereo Escuadron II''}} ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "2nd Air Transport Squadron, Group 1"), was fired on by ''Cardiff''.<ref name=Freedman473>Freedman (2005), p. 473.</ref> The aircraft was detected while shadowing the Bristol Group, and ''Cardiff'' was ordered to drop back and engage.<ref name=Freedman473/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navynews.co.uk/falklands/stories/8202052201.asp |title=Navy News - The Falklands Conflict - 22nd May 1982 |month=July|year=1982|publisher=''[[Navy News]]''|accessdate=2008-02-12}}</ref> The ship fired two Sea Darts at the aircraft at 11:40 (local time) from maximum range; the first fell short and second missed<ref name=Freedman473/> due to evasive manoeuvres taken by the aircraft's crew.<ref name=Malvinas>{{cite web |url=http://www.aeroespacio.com.ar/site/anteriores/538-550/546/site/_01malvinas.htm |title=Malvinas 20 Anos–Testimonios |accessdate=2008-04-23 |language=Spanish }}</ref> After the attack, TC-92 dropped below radar level and returned to [[El Palomar, Buenos Aires|El Palomar]].<ref name=Malvinas/> On [[25 May]], ''Cardiff'' was tasked with the recovery of four [[Special Air Service]] (SAS) troopers, who had parachuted from a [[C-130 Hercules]] passing over the destroyer.<ref name="Report of Proceedings"/>
[[Image:SAS Parachute down to HMS Cardiff.jpg|thumb|right|Four [[Special Air Service|SAS]] troopers rendezvous with ''Cardiff'' via airdrop, en route to the islands]]
The Bristol Group met up with the main task force on [[26 May]].<ref name=Freedman55>Freedman (2005), p. 55</ref> ''Cardiff''’s arrival allowed the damaged {{HMS|Glasgow|D88|6}} to return to the United Kingdom for repairs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navynews.co.uk/falklands/stories/8202051001.asp |title=Navy News - The Falklands Conflict - 12th May 1982 - Glasgow's Day of Victory |publisher=''[[Navy News]]''|accessdate=2008-04-05|year=1982|month=July}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/F46weeknineTF.htm|title=Black Buck, Victor, Vulcan, Engadine, Fort Grange in British Task Force Movements|publisher=Naval History Net|accessdate=2008-05-05}}</ref> ''Cardiff''’s primary role was to form part of the anti-aircraft warfare [[Radar picket|picket]], protecting British ships from air attack and attempting to ambush Argentine aircraft that were re-supplying [[Port Stanley Airport]].<ref name="RNA">{{cite web |url=http://www.rna-10-area.co.uk/falklands.html |title=Falklands 25 - On this Day–June 14th |publisher=[[Royal Naval Association]] Number 10 Area web site|accessdate=2008-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navynews.co.uk/falklands/stories/8202060201.asp |title=Navy News - The Falklands Conflict - 2nd June 1982 |publisher=''[[Navy News]]''|accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> She was also required to fire at enemy positions on the islands with her [[4.5 inch (114 mm) Mark 8 naval gun|4.5-inch gun]]. In one engagement she fired 277 high-explosive rounds,<ref name="Report of Proceedings"/> although later problems with the gun prevented continual use.<ref name="ISBN 1-905226-46-2">{{cite book |last=Fieldgate|first=Barrie |title=The Captain's Steward: Falklands, 1982 |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=2YaHXQHxtuoC&pg=PA222&vq=cardiff&dq=%22HMS+Cardiff%22&lr=&as_brr=3&source=gbs_search_s&cad=5&sig=zY4maUS_8f6hs31s-xbV6dp4b34 |publisher=Melrose Press |year=2007 |pages=p. 222 |isbn=1905226462|accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref>
Shortly after arrival, she was involved in the final Exocet raid against {{HMS|Invincible|R05|6}}.<ref name="Report of Proceedings"/> In the early hours of [[6 June]], ''Cardiff'' shot down a friendly [[Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)|Army Air Corps]] [[Aérospatiale Gazelle|Gazelle]] helicopter (no. [[United Kingdom military aircraft serials|XX377]] of [[No. 656 Squadron AAC|656 Squadron]]), in the belief it was a low flying enemy C-130 Hercules.<ref name="isbn0-7546-4950-4">{{cite book |last=Masakowski|first=Yvonne|coauthors= Cook, Malcolm; Noyes, Jan |year=2007|title=Decision-making in Complex Environments |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=L3tjkgpS5jAC&pg=PA197&dq=%22HMS+Cardiff%22&lr=&as_brr=3&sig=DOfT1Dg0uFvResfIWhmELC11pZI#PPA197,M1 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |pages=p. 197 |isbn=0-7546-4950-4 |accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://usacac.army.mil/cac/milreview/download/English/NovDec04/bolia.pdf|format=PDF|title=The Falklands War: The Bluff Cove Disaster|last=Bolia|first=Robert S|journal=Military Review|issue=November–December 2004|pages=pp. 66–72|accessdate=2008-04-26}}</ref> All four on-board were killed,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/F51opsweek10.htm|title=Stanley, Mount Kent, Mount Longdon, Top Malo House in Falkland Area Operations - Falklands War 1982|publisher=Naval History Net|accessdate=2008-03-05}}</ref> the factors contributing to the accident were a poor level of communication between the army and navy, and the helicopter's "[[Identification Friend or Foe]]" transmitter had been turned off due to it interfering with other equipment.<ref>
{{cite journal|url=http://usacac.army.mil/cac/milreview/download/English/NovDec04/bolia.pdf|format=PDF|title=The Falklands War: The Bluff Cove Disaster|last=Bolia|first=Robert S|journal=Military Review|issue=November–December 2004|pages=pp. 66–72|accessdate=2008-04-26}}</ref><ref name="isbn0-7546-4950-4">{{cite book |last=Masakowski|first=Yvonne|coauthors= Cook, Malcolm; Noyes, Jan |year=2007|title=Decision-making in Complex Environments |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=L3tjkgpS5jAC&pg=PA197&dq=%22HMS+Cardiff%22&lr=&as_brr=3&sig=DOfT1Dg0uFvResfIWhmELC11pZI#PPA197,M1 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |pages=p. 197 |isbn=0-7546-4950-4 |accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref> However a board of inquiry recommended that neither negligence nor blame should be attributed to any individual and that no action should be taken against any individual.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1987/feb/02/lcpl-s-j-cockton|title=L/Cpl. S. J. Cockton (Hansard)|publisher=hansard.millbanksystems.com|accessdate=2008-06-01}}</ref> The number "205" was later painted at the crash site ({{coord|-51.783600| -58.467786}}) as a memorial, the significance being that two of the helicopter's passengers were from [[205 Signal Squadron|205 Signal Squadron]]. Approximately an hour after the shootdown, ''Cardiff'' spotted four [[Landing Craft Utility|landing craft]] carrying troops from the 2nd Battalion, [[Scots Guards]].<ref name="Deployment Diary"/> Having been told there were no other British forces in the area, ''Cardiff's'' crew assumed they were Argentine, and fired illuminating [[star shell]]s over them in preparation to attack. When the Guards saw the star shells and realised ''Cardiff''’s intentions, the officer in charge of the landing craft, [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] [[Ewen Southby-Tailyour]], moved them to shallow water in an attempt to outrun her. ''Cardiff'', still closing on the craft, signalled to them a single word "friend" via [[Aldis lamp]], Southby-Tailyour responded with "to which side"<ref name=Freedman600>Freedman (2005), p. 600.</ref> At this point Cardiff "left them alone",<ref name=Freedman600/> neither attacking or assisting them, nevertheless another "[[blue on blue]]" incident was been avoided.<ref name="isbn1-84176-422-1">{{cite book |last=Anderson|first=Duncan |year=2002|title=The Falklands War 1982 (Essential Histories) |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=gNb9YyNCXksC&pg=PA58&dq=%22hms+cardiff%22+lamp&sig=4qDcxXrwedFyY5acLN4wRPBMZU0 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=UK |pages=p. 58 |isbn=1-84176-422-1 |accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref>
[[Image:Lynx 335 HMS Cardiff March 1982.jpg|thumb|left|Lt Clayton practising [[search and rescue]] prior to the war]]
On the morning of [[13 June]], two Argentine [[IAI Nesher|Dagger]] aircraft attacked ''Cardiff''’s Lynx helicopter, no. 335 of [[815 NAS|815 NAS]], while it was searching in the [[Falkland Sound]] area. Poor weather had forced the Argentine craft to abandon their original mission of bombing [[Mount Longdon]], and the third Dagger of their formation had suffered a mechanical failure and returned to base.<ref name="13 de Junio">{{cite web |url=http://www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar/conflicto/dias/jun13.html |title=13 de Junio |publisher=Argentine Air Force|language=Spanish |accessdate=2008-04-13}}</ref> The Lynx began evasive manoeuvres and dodged the attacks; the pilot, Lieutenant Clayton, was [[mentioned in despatches]] for his efforts.<ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=49134 |date=1982-10-08 |startpage=12 |supp=yes |accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> Later that day, ''Cardiff'' shot down what would prove to be the last Argentine aircraft lost during the war,<ref name="Deployment Diary"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Hostile Skies |last=Morgan |first=David |year=2007 |publisher=Phoenix |location=London |isbn=978-0-7538-2199-2 |pages=p. 285}}</ref> [[English Electric Canberra|Canberra bomber]] B-108 of {{lang|es|''Grupo de Bombardeo 2''}} ("Bombing Group 2") en route to bomb [[Port Harriet House]].<ref name="13 de Junio "/> The pilot, Captain Pastrán, survived but the navigator,<ref name="RNA"/> Captain Casado, was killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar/conflicto/camberra.html|title=BAC MK-62 Canberra|publisher=Argentine Air Force|accessdate=2008-04-26|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref name="13 de Junio "/> [[Falklands War Argentine surrender|Argentina surrendered]] on [[14 June]], and ''Cardiff'' was required to accept the surrender of a 700-strong Argentine garrison in the settlement of [[Port Howard]] on West Falkland a day later.<ref name="Report of Proceedings"/> Members of ''Cardiff''’s crew were used to man a captured Argentine patrol boat, renamed {{HMS|Tiger Bay}}, in [[Port Stanley]].<!--TMI here...the boat was renamed {{HMS|Tiger Bay}},<ref name="Deployment Diary"/> in honour of the [[Tiger Bay]] dock area in Cardiff.<ref name="isbn0-85045-492-1">{{cite book |last=English|first=Adrian J. |title=Battle for the Falklands (2) : Naval Forces (Men-At-Arms Series, 134) |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=Z7oyS1HviOcC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=%22hms+tiger+bay%22&source=web&ots=70XoFPxSRS&sig=XjRTJKBIRC5NR0rqQ39Kdg1hiJM#PPA25,M1 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Reading |pages=p. 25|isbn=0-85045-492-1 |accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref> The boat, originally ''Islas Malvinas GC82'', had been damaged by gunfire from {{HMS|Alacrity|F174|6}}<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Lynx on [[1 May]], near [[Kidney Island]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmsalacrity.co.uk/may.html |title=Alacrity in action |publisher=www.hmsalacrity.co.uk |accessdate=2008-02-24}}</ref>!--> ''Cardiff'' spent the rest of June acting as the Landing Area Air Warfare Controller (LAAWC) around [[San Carlos]].<ref name="Report of Proceedings"/>
[[Image:Canberra Bomber B-108.jpeg|thumb|right|[[English Electric Canberra|Canberra bomber]] B-108 of ''Grupo de Bombardeo 2''. This Argentine aircraft, the last to be lost during the Falklands War, was shot down by ''Cardiff''.]]
Over the course of the war, ''Cardiff'' fired nine Sea Dart missiles and one [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk 46 torpedo]].<ref name="Report of Proceedings"/> She returned to the United Kingdom on [[28 July]] [[1982]], having left the Falklands three weeks earlier along with {{HMS|Exeter|D89|6}} and {{HMS|Yarmouth|F101|6}}.<ref name="Deployment Diary"/> Captain Michael Harris handed over command on [[24 August]] [[1982]], after the annual maintenance period.<ref name="Report of Proceedings"/> Following the war, all Type 42 destroyers were fitted with [[Oerlikon 30 mm twin cannon|Oerlikon 30 mm twin cannons]] port and starboard, for protection against airborne threats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/type42.htm|title=Type 42|publisher=[[GlobalSecurity.org]]|accessdate=2008-04-05}}</ref> These were later replaced by the [[Phalanx CIWS|Phalanx]] [[close-in weapon system]].<ref name="HazeGray"/>
===Gulf War (1990–91)===
When [[Saddam Hussein]]'s [[Iraq]] invaded [[Kuwait]] on [[2 August]] [[1990]], British [[Secretary of State for Defence]] [[Tom King, Baron King of Bridgwater|Tom King]] soon announced that the UK military contribution to the region was to be increased.<ref name="Gazette Gulf">Hine 1991, pp. 39, 43.</ref> A [[Coalition of Gulf War|coalition of nations]] was formed, and a combined naval force entered the [[Persian Gulf]] and sailed north, neutralising the [[Iraqi Navy]] as it went, and then began conducting [[naval gunfire support]] and [[mine countermeasures|mine counter-measure]] missions in preparation for the main amphibious landing force.<ref name="Gazette Gulf"/>
In September 1990, HM Ships ''Cardiff'', {{HMS|Brazen|F91|2}} and {{HMS|London|F95|2}} were formed into Group X-ray and sailed to the Gulf to relieve Armilla Group Whiskey, which consisted of HM Ships {{HMS|Battleaxe|F89|2}}, {{HMS|Jupiter|F60|2}} and {{HMS|York|D98|2}}.<ref name="Gazette Gulf"/> ''Cardiff'' and {{HMS|Gloucester|D96|2}} were to form part of the air defence barrier protecting three United States [[aircraft carrier]]s: {{USS|Midway|CV-41|2}}, {{USS|Ranger|CV-61|2}} and {{USS|Theodore Roosevelt|CVN-71|2}}.<ref name="Gazette Gulf"/> ''Cardiff'' had other responsibilities, including surface surveillance<ref name="Gazette Gulf"/> and boarding operations, to maintain the security around the task force.<ref name="isbn1-55002-256-3">{{cite book |last=Gimblett|first=Richard H.|coauthors=Morin, Jean |year=1997|title=Operation Friction, 1990-1991: Canadian Forces in the Persian Gulf |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=sc70B_C3_UsC&pg=PA140&dq=HMS+Cardiff&sig=Z6y4MIEtJu_gDZu_t_8e7vb6Hk8#PPA140,M1 |publisher=Dundurn Press |location=Toronto |pages=p. 140 |isbn=1-55002-256-3 |accessdate=2008-03-12}}</ref>
[[Image:Lynx 335.jpg|thumb|left|''Cardiff''’s [[Westland Lynx|Lynx]] helicopter, no. 335, with a [[Sea Skua]] missile]]
Royal Navy [[Westland Lynx|Lynxes]] worked in combination with US [[SH-60 Seahawk|Seahawks]] during the [[Gulf War]]. The American helicopters lacked an effective anti-ship missile, but had superior surveillance capability compared to the British Lynx. They would locate hostile boats for the British helicopters, which would then attack the target with its [[Sea Skua]] missiles.<ref name="isbn0-313-31024-6">{{cite book |last=Pokrant|first=Marvin |title=Desert Storm at sea: what the Navy really did |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=erVzmflT2MIC&pg=PA58&dq=%22HMS+Cardiff%22&as_brr=3&sig=uEBsOPwafDplpBkqdPMK7YmJCIs |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, Conn |year=1999 |pages=p. 58 |isbn=0-313-31024-6 |accessdate=2008-03-12}}</ref> In total, Lynx helicopters flew nearly 600 sorties during the Gulf War,<ref name="Gazette Gulf"/> while their crews maintained flying rates three times their norm.<ref name="isbn0-7146-5479-5">{{cite book |last=Finlan|first=Alistair |title=Royal Navy in the Falklands and the Gulf War: Culture and Strategy |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=TmP27lCid8AC&pg=PA151&vq=cardiff&dq=%22HMS+Cardiff%22&lr=&as_brr=3&source=gbs_search_s&cad=5&sig=x3fcor8AbXlX_VRKUWtOu27xUWc|publisher=Frank Cass |location=London |year=2004 |pages=p. 151 |isbn=0-7146-5479-5|accessdate=2008-03-12}}</ref>
''Cardiff''’s Lynx helicopter, no. 335 of [[815 NAS|815 NAS]],<ref name="isbn1-84176-295-4">{{cite book |last=Chant|first=Christopher |title=Air War in the Gulf 1991 (Osprey Combat Aircraft 27)|year=2001| |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7L-PvBlfFW0C&pg=PT56&dq=%22HMS+Cardiff%22&lr=&as_brr=3&sig=X05k0RvHyyYYDEFX-jHUJzyWgxw |publisher=Osprey Aviation |pages=p. 90 |isbn=1-84176-295-4 |accessdate=2008-03-12}}</ref> saw more of the combat in the Gulf War than ''Cardiff'' actually did. On [[24 January]] [[1991]], no. 335 spotted three Iraqi [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweepers]] off [[Qaruh Island]], attacked, and sank two.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Mammoth Book of Eyewitness Naval Battles |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=lYrnIvQHTQsC&pg=PA637&dq=%22HMS+Cardiff%22+lynx+minesweeper&as_brr=0&ei=K7UTSOSHBImUygTVs92FCA&sig=UWlF9Su02jrGELvf0KA0Kt1OSG0|accessdate=2008-04-27 |last=Lawrence |first=Richard Russell |year=2003 |publisher=[[Carroll & Graf]] |isbn=Carroll & Graf |pages=p. 637}}</ref> Later that day, the island was captured by coalition forces, becoming the first Kuwaiti territory to be liberated. Five days later, with Lynxes from ''Gloucester'' and ''Brazen'', no. 335 attacked invading Iraqi vessels en-route to the [[Battle of Khafji]].<ref name="Gazette Gulf"/> ''Cardiff'' and her group were relieved in late January by Group Yankee, comprising HM Ships {{HMS|Brave|F94|2}}, {{HMS|Brilliant|F90|2}}, {{HMS|Exeter|D89|2}} and {{HMS|Manchester|D95|2}}.<ref name="Gazette Gulf"/>
===Post Gulf War===
After the Gulf War, ''Cardiff''’s assignments included a deployment with the [[Standing Naval Force Mediterranean]], a post [[Cold War]] [[NATO]] immediate reaction force in the [[Mediterranean]], and counter-narcotics patrols in the [[West Indies]], during which she also assisted with relief tasks on the island of [[Eleuthera]] in the wake of [[Hurricane Andrew]]. ''Cardiff'' later returned to the Gulf for seven months.<ref name="Navy News">{{cite web|url=http://www.navynews.co.uk/ships/cardiff.asp|title=Navy News - Ships of the Royal Navy - HMS Cardiff|publisher=''[[Navy News]]''|accessdate=2008-03-04}}</ref>
On [[14 October]] [[1994]], in response to renewed Iraqi deployment of troops near the Kuwaiti border, the US-led [[Operation Vigilant Warrior]] began.<ref name="Global Security OP Vig War">Pike 2005.</ref> The operation was designed to deter Saddam's "[[wikt:sabre-rattling|sabre-rattling]]"<ref name="Global Security OP Vig War"/> by sending large amounts of allied military forces to Kuwait; HM Ships {{HMS|Cornwall|F99|2}} and ''Cardiff'' were the UK contribution.<ref name="isbn0-8330-3287-9">{{cite book |last=Larson|first=Eric V. |title=Interoperability of U. S. and NATO Allied Air Forces: Supporting Data and Case Studies |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=vlvDowMvJ-kC&pg=PA61&dq=%22HMS+Cardiff%22&as_brr=3&sig=LsYC3lNPzEsBwxxBsZ8oXiIq13o |publisher=Rand |location=Santa Monica, Calif |year=2003 |pages=p. 61 |isbn=0-8330-3287-9|accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref> The operation ended on [[21 December]] [[1994]], when Saddam pulled back his forces.<ref name="Global Security OP Vig War"/>
[[Image:HMS Cardiff Marines 2002 2.JPEG|thumb|right|Personnel from ''Cardiff'' guard the crew of an Iraqi oil tanker during her last [[Armilla Patrol]], in late 2002.]]
Upon her return to the UK from Operation Vigilant Warrior, ''Cardiff'' participated in the 1995 NATO exercise "Strong Resolve", a training exercise conducted every four years in dual crisis management. The ship next underwent Operational Sea Training (OST) at [[Isle of Portland|Portland]], in preparation for assuming the duty of [[Fleet Ready Escort]], which required a ship to be available to deploy anywhere in the world at short notice. After completing OST, she attended the 50th [[VE Day]] anniversary in [[Copenhagen]] and [[Oslo]] and provided navigational sea training for frigate and destroyer navigating officer candidates. A visit to her namesake city of Cardiff for [[VJ Day]] celebrations followed, after which she sailed to Plymouth for a trials and weapon training programme. She then took part in [[Operation Bright Star]], a multi-national exercise conducted every two years in [[Egypt]]. In November, ''Cardiff'' became the first Royal Navy ship to enter the [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] capital of [[Beirut]] in 27 years, spurring the creation of the [[Beirut Phoenicians Rugby Club]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rugbylebanon.com/TeamHistory.htm|title=Team History|publisher=www.rugbylebanon.com|accessdate=2008-05-25}}</ref> followed by visits to [[Tunisia]] and Gibraltar.<ref name="Navy News"/>
In 2000, as part of the Royal Navy's [[Atlantic Patrol Task (North)|Atlantic Patrol Task North]], ''Cardiff'' spent six months in the [[Caribbean]] with [[RFA Black Rover|RFA ''Black Rover'']].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.3440/changeNav/3533 |title=''Cardiff''—Back from sunnier climes |publisher=Royal Navy|accessdate=2008-03-04}}</ref> They provided relief aid to the island of [[Caye Caulker]], near [[Belize]], in the wake of [[Hurricane Keith]]. In addition to clearing routes, distributing supplies, and making buildings and electrical cables safe, ''Cardiff''’s surgeon and medical team monitored sanitation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.3416/changeNav/3533 |title=HMS ''Cardiff'' and RFA ''Black Rover'' assist in wake of Hurricane Keith|publisher=Royal Navy|accessdate=2008-03-04}}</ref> In October, they also took part in the NATO exercise "Unified Spirit", held off the east coast of the United States. "Unified Spirit" is a training exercise conducted every four years in NATO-led "out-of-area" [[UN]] peace support operations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/unified-spirit.htm|title=Unified Spirit|publisher=www.globalsecurity.org|accessdate=2008-06-25}}</ref> In the same year she participated in the US Navy Fleet Battle Exercise after her combat system was integrated into the [[Digital Fires Network]].<ref name="isbn0-309-08873-9">{{cite book |title=The Role of Experimentation in Building Future Naval Forces |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=9sgMI18jDWMC&pg=PA67&dq=%22HMS+Cardiff%22&as_brr=3&sig=OUGbI3tEIOqIHoqOhZtAXrj8Szg |publisher=National Academies Press |location=Washington, D.C |year=2004 |pages=p. 67 |isbn=0-309-08873-9 |accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref>
''Cardiff'' conducted her last Armilla Patrol in early 2003. During her time in the Persian Gulf, ''Cardiff'' prevented more than £2 million of illegal cargo from being smuggled out of Iraq, inspected 178 vessels, and seized more than 25,000 [[tonnes]] of oil. The destroyer was relieved by {{HMS|Richmond|F239|6}} before the beginning of the [[invasion of Iraq|Iraq War]] and returned to Portsmouth on [[4 April]] [[2003]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.3706/changeNav/3533 |title=HMS Cardiff returns from Gulf patrols |publisher=Royal Navy|accessdate=2008-03-04}}</ref> In late 2003, the ship was involved in the annual Sea Days demonstration exercise,<ref>{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Scott |title=Sea Days 2003 |work=Jane's Navy International |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |date=2003-11-01 }}</ref> and in October was used for tests of [[QinetiQ]]'s Maritime Tactical Network.<ref>{{cite news |first=Giles |last=Ebbutt |title=QinetiQ tests Maritime Tactical Network |work=Jane's Navy International |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |date=2004-09-01 }}</ref>
In 2005, she participated in the [[Trafalgar 200]] [[International Fleet Review]], just two weeks before she was decommissioned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20051115110110/http:/www.trafalgar200.com/tallship_royal_ships.html|title=Trafalgar 200 - Media Information|publisher=web.archive.org|accessdate=2008-05-13|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20051115110110/http:/www.trafalgar200.com/tallship_royal_ships.html
|archivedate=2005-11-15}}</ref> In this post Gulf War period, the Royal Navy's first female [[chaplain]] also served onboard.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/PeopleInDefence/RoyalNavysFirstFemaleChaplainRetires.htm |title=Royal Navy's first female Chaplain retires |publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]]|accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref>
==Decommissioning and fate==
[[Image:HMS Cardiff rusted.jpg|thumb|right|''Cardiff'' <nowiki>'</nowiki>s [[starboard]] quarter (stern) in 2007, her name rusted]]
''Cardiff'' was originally to be replaced in 2009 by {{HMS|Daring|D32|6}}, the first of the Royal Navy's next generation [[Type 45 destroyer]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199900/cmhansrd/vo000317/text/00317w03.htm|title=House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 17 Mar 2000 (pt 3)|publisher=''[[Hansard]]''|accessdate=2008-03-09}}</ref> However, it was announced in July 2004 that she would be one of a number of ships withdrawn from service early, in accordance with the "[[Delivering Security in a Changing World]]" whitepaper on the British military.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/147C7A19-8554-4DAE-9F88-6FBAD2D973F9/0/cm6269_future_capabilities.pdf |format=PDF|title=Delivering Security in a Changing World: Future Capabilities (Cm 6269) |publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]]|accessdate=2008-03-09}}</ref>
''Cardiff'' was [[Ship decommissioning|decommissioned]] on [[14 July]] [[2005]], after making a final visit to her namesake city, where members of the public were allowed on board.<ref name="BBC NEWS Cardiff's final visit"/> She now resides in [[HMNB Portsmouth|Portsmouth Harbour]] ({{coord|50.818486| -1.130644}}) alongside sister ship {{HMS|Newcastle|D87|6}}, awaiting a decision as to her fate. Following a decommissioning ceremony at [[Cardiff city hall]], her bell was removed and is now mounted in the north aisle of St John's Parish Church in Cardiff.<ref>{{ cite journal | authorlink = [http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/content.asp?nav=2874%2C4812&parent_directory_id=2865]| year = 2005| month = December| title = Bell is reminder of city’s own ship| journal = Capital Times| issue = Issue 70| pages = p. 9| url = http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ObjView.asp?Object_ID=4079&Language=.pdf | format = PDF| accessdate = 2008-05-06 | quote = A part of HMS Cardiff, the warship which was decommissioned earlier this year, has a permanent place in its home city.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://edgeofthecentre.blogspot.com/2007/08/hms-cardiffs-bell-welcomed-home.html|title=Edge of the Centre: HMS Cardiff's bell welcomed home|publisher=edgeofthecentre.blogspot.com|accessdate=2008-03-09}}</ref> Calls for the conversion of the ship into a Cardiff tourist attraction have been made by a <!--is this relevant? Conservative !-->[[Member of the National Assembly for Wales|Welsh Assembly Member]] and former naval servicemen.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservatives.com/tile.do?def=news.story.page&obj_id=123622&speeches=1 |title=Save HMS Cardiff for the city - News Story - Conservative Party |publisher=[[Conservative Party (United Kingdom)|Conservative Party]]|accessdate=2008-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4633095.stm |title=Call for Cardiff home for warship |date=[[2005-06-29]]|publisher=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=2008-03-09}}</ref> {{HMS|Dragon|D35|6}}, a Type 45 destroyer, has been announced as the next Royal Navy ship to be affiliated with the city of Cardiff.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/6686029.stm |title=Navy destroyer linked to Cardiff |publisher=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=2008-03-09|date=[[2007-05-24]]}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|Royal Navy|Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|65}}
* [[British naval forces in the Falklands War]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}
==References==
* {{cite book |last=Freedman |first=Lawrence |authorlink=Lawrence Freedman |title=The Official History of the Falklands Campaign |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PSsxmXWChqIC|accessdate=2008-04-23 |volume=Vol. II - War and Diplomacy |year=2005 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=0-7146-5207-5}}
* [[Patrick Hine|Hine, Sir Patrick]]. Official despatch, <!-- ???? --> as published in the {{LondonGazette|issue=52589|linkeddate=1991-06-29|startpage=39|endpage=43|supp=yes|accessdate=2008-05-01}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/vigilant_warrior.htm |date=2005-04-27 |last=Pike |first=John |title=Operation Vigilant Warrior |work=Military Operations |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |accessdate=2008-03-04}}
==External links==
{{Commons|HMS Cardiff (D108)}}
* [http://hmscardiff.co.uk/default.aspx HMS ''Cardiff'': The 1982 Ship's Company] Website run by former crew
* [http://www.seayourhistory.org.uk/ Photos of ''Cardiff'' at seayourhistory.org.uk]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/photo_gallery/3051764.stm Photos of ''Cardiff'' at BBC News]
{{Type 42 destroyer}}
{{coor title dms|50|49|6.55|N|1|7|50.32|W|region:GB_type:landmark}}
{{featured article}}
<!---Categories--->
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cardiff (D108)}}
[[Category:Barrow-built ships]]
[[Category:Cold War destroyers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Royal Navy destroyers]]
[[Category:Tyne-built ships]]
[[Category:Type 42 destroyers]]
[[Category:Falklands War naval ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Gulf War ships]]