Hakea
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222247511
2008-06-28T09:15:36Z
SatuSuro
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adding link
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Hakea''
| image = Pincushion hakea03.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Hakea laurina]]'' (Pincushion Hakea)
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Proteales]]
| familia = [[Proteaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Grevilleoideae]]
| genus = '''''Hakea'''''
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''Hakea''' ('''''Hakea''''') is a genus of 149 species of [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s in the '''[[Proteaceae]]''', native to [[Australia]]. They are found throughout the country, with the highest species diversity being found in the [[Southwest, Western Australia|south west]] of [[Western Australia]].
They can reach 1-6 m in height, and have spirally arranged [[leaf|leaves]] 2-20 cm long, simple or compound, sometimes (e.g. ''H. suaveolens'') with the leaflets thin cylindrical and [[Juncaceae|rush]]-like. The [[flower]]s are produced in dense flowerheads of variable shape, globose to cylindrical, 3-10 cm long, with numerous small red, yellow, pink, purple, pale blue or white flowers.
Hakeas are named after Baron [[Christian Ludwig von Hake]], the [[18th century]] [[Germany|German]] patron of [[botany]], following [[Heinrich Schrader (botanist)|Heinrich Schrader]]'s description of ''[[Hakea teretifolia]]'' in [[1797]].
It is now widely accepted that ''[[Grevillea]]'' is [[paraphyly|paraphyletic]] with respect to ''Hakea''. It is likely, therefore, that ''Hakea'' will soon be transferred into ''Grevillea''. <!-- (Briggs 98)? No mention in (Young 2006). Added oldid=159064753 (2007) -->
===Classification===
Hakeas are closely related to the genus ''[[Grevillea]]'' and ''[[Finschia]]'', both members of the subfamily '''[[Grevilleoideae]]''' within the family '''Proteaceae'''. Many species have similar [[inflorescences]], but hakeas can be distinguished by their woody seed pods.
===Horticulture===
Hakeas are popular [[ornamental plant]]s in [[garden]]s in Australia, though not nearly as commonly seen as grevilleas and banksias. Several [[hybrid (biology)|hybrid]]s and [[cultivar]]s have been developed. They are best grown in beds of light soil which is watered but still well drained.
Some showy western species, such as ''[[Hakea multilineata]]'', ''[[Hakea francisiana|H. francisiana]]'' and ''[[Hakea bucculenta|H. bucculenta]]'', require [[grafting]] onto hardy stock such as ''[[Hakea salicifolia]]'' for growing in more humid climates, as they are sensitive to [[Phytophthora cinnamomi|dieback]].
Many species, particularly (but not always) Eastern Australian species, are notable for their hardiness, to the point they have become weedy. ''[[Hakea gibbosa]]'', ''[[Hakea sericea|H. sericea]]'' and ''[[Hakea drupacea|H. drupacea]]'' (previously ''H. suaveolens'') have been weeds in [[South Africa]], ''[[Hakea laurina]]'' has become naturalized around [[Adelaide]].
===Species===
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Hakea actites]]'' (Mulloway Needlebush, Wallum Hakea)
*''[[Hakea aculeata]]'' (Column Hakea)
*''[[Hakea acuminata]]''
*''[[Hakea adnata]]''
*''[[Hakea aenigma]]''
*''[[Hakea ambigua]]''
*''[[Hakea amplexicaulis]]'' (Prickly Hakea)
*''[[Hakea anadenia]]''
*''[[Hakea arborescens]]'' (Yellow Hakea, Arrarruwurra (''Groote Eylandt''), Derinding (''Kununurra''))
*''[[Hakea archaeoides]]''
*''[[Hakea auriculata]]''
*''[[Hakea bakeriana]]''
*''[[Hakea baxteri]]'' (Fan Hakea)
*''[[Hakea bicornata]]''
*''[[Hakea brachyptera]]''
*''[[Hakea brownii]]'' (Fan-leaf Hakea)
*''[[Hakea bucculenta]]'' (Red Pokers)
*''[[Hakea candolleana]]''
*''[[Hakea carinata]]''
*''[[Hakea ceratophylla]]'' (Staghorn Hakea)
*''[[Hakea chordophylla]]'' (Bootlace Oak, Bull Oak)
*''[[Hakea cinerea]]''
*''[[Hakea circumalata]]''
*''[[Hakea clavata]]'' (Coastal Hakea)
*''[[Hakea collina]]''
*''[[Hakea commutata]]''
*''[[Hakea conchifolia]]''
*''[[Hakea constablei]]''
*''[[Hakea corymbosa]]'' (Cauliflower Hakea)
*''[[Hakea costata]]'' (Ribbed Hakea)
*''[[Hakea crassifolia]]''
*''[[Hakea cristata]]''
*''[[Hakea cucullata]]'' (Scallops Hakea)
*''[[Hakea cyclocarpa]]'' (Curved Fruit Hakea)
*''[[Hakea cycloptera]]'' (Elm-seed Hakea)
*''[[Hakea cygna]]''
*''[[Hakea dactyloides]]'' (Broad-leaved Hakea)
*''[[Hakea denticulata]]'' (Stinking Roger)
*''[[Hakea decurrens]]''
*''[[Hakea divaricata]]'' (Corkbark)
*''[[Hakea dohertyi]]''
*''[[Hakea drupacea]]'' (previously ''H. suaveolens'')
*''[[Hakea elliptica]]'' (Oval-leaf Halea)
*''[[Hakea edneiana]]'' (Flinders Range Hakea, Yantana, Yandena)
*''[[Hakea eneabba]]''
*''[[Hakea epiglottis]]''
*''[[Hakea erecta]]''
*''[[Hakea eriantha]]'' (Tree Hakea)
*''[[Hakea erinacea]]'' (Hedgehog Hakea)
*''[[Hakea eyreana]]'' (Straggly Corkbark, Fork-leaved Ironwood)
*''[[Hakea falcata]]''
*''[[Hakea ferruginea]]''
*''[[Hakea flabellifolia]]'' (Wedge Hakea)
*''[[Hakea florida]]'' (Summer Snow)
*''[[Hakea florulenta]]'' (Sweet-scented Hakea)
*''[[Hakea francisiana]]'' (Grass Leaf Hakea)
*''[[Hakea fraseri]]''
*''[[Hakea gibbosa]]'' (Hairy Hakea, Rock Hakea)
*''[[Hakea gilbertii]]''
*''[[Hakea grammatophylla]]''
*''[[Hakea hastata]]''
*''[[Hakea hookeriana]]'' (Barren Range Hakea)
*''[[Hakea horrida]]''
*''[[Hakea ilicifolia]]'' (Holly-leaved Hakea)
*''[[Hakea incrassata]]'' (Marble Hakea)
*''[[Hakea invaginata]]''
*''[[Hakea ivoryi]]'' (Ivory's Hakea, Corkbark Corkwood)
*''[[Hakea kippistiana]]''
*''[[Hakea laevipes]]''
*''[[Hakea lasiantha]]'' (Woolly Hakea)
*''[[Hakea lasianthoides]]''
*''[[Hakea laurina]]'' (Pincushion Hakea)
*''[[Hakea lehmanniana]]'' (Blue Hakea)
*''[[Hakea leucoptera]]'' (Needlewood Hakea, Ilpeye (''[[Arrernte language|Arrernte]]''))
*''[[Hakea linearis]]''
|
*''[[Hakea lissocarpha]]'' (Honeybush Hakea)
*''[[Hakea lissosperma]]'' (Mountain Needlewood)
*''[[Hakea longiflora]]''
*''[[Hakea loranthifolia]]''
*''[[Hakea lorea]]'' (Bootlace Tree)
*''[[Hakea maconochieana]]''
*''[[Hakea macraeana]]'' (Willow Needlewood)
*''[[Hakea macrorhyncha]]''
*''[[Hakea marginata]]''
*''[[Hakea megadenia]]''
*''[[Hakea megalosperma]]'' (Lesueur Hakea)
*''[[Hakea meisneriana]]''
*''[[Hakea microcarpa]]'' (Small fruit Hakea, Adam's Needle)
*''[[Hakea minyma]]''
*''[[Hakea mitchellii]]''
*''[[Hakea muelleriana]]'' (Desert Hakea)
*''[[Hakea multilineata]]'' (Grass-leaved Hakea)
*''[[Hakea myrtoides]]''
*''[[Hakea neurophylla]]''
*''[[Hakea newbeyana]]''
*''[[Hakea nitida]]''
*''[[Hakea nodosa]]'' (Yellow Hakea)
*''[[Hakea obliqua]]'' (Needles & Corks)
*''[[Hakea obtusa]]''
*''[[Hakea ochroptera]]''
*''[[Hakea oleifolia]]'' (Olive-leaf Hakea)
*''[[Hakea orthorrhyncha]]'' (Bird Beak Hakea)
*''[[Hakea pachyphylla]]''
*''[[Hakea pandanicarpa]]''
*''[[Hakea pedunculata]]''
*''[[Hakea pendens]]''
*''[[Hakea persiehana]]''
*''[[Hakea petiolaris]]'' (Sea Urchin Hakea)
*''[[Hakea platysperma]]'' (Cricket Ball Hakea)
*''[[Hakea plurinervia]]''
*''[[Hakea polyanthema]]''
*''[[Hakea preissii]]'' (Christmas Hakea)
*''[[Hakea pritzelii]]''
*''[[Hakea propinqua]]''
*''[[Hakea prostrata]]'' (Harsh Hakea)
*''[[Hakea psilorrhyncha]]''
*''[[Hakea pulvinifera]]''
*''[[Hakea purpurea]]''
*''[[Hakea pycnoneura]]''
*''[[Hakea recurva]]'' (Standback)
*''[[Hakea repullulans]]''
*''[[Hakea rhombales]]''
*''[[Hakea rigida]]''
*''[[Hakea rostrata]]'' (Beaked Hakea, Turkey Gobblers, Kidney Bush)
*''[[Hakea rugosa]]'' (Dwarf hakea, Wrinkled Hakea)
*''[[Hakea ruscifolia]]'' (Candle Spike Hakea)
*''[[Hakea salicifolia]]'' (Willow-leaved Hakea)
*''[[Hakea scoparia]]''
*''[[Hakea sericea]]'' (Needlebush)
*''[[Hakea smilacifolia]]''
*''[[Hakea spathulata]]''
*''[[Hakea standleyensis]]''
*''[[Hakea stenocarpa]]''
*''[[Hakea stenophylla]]''
*''[[Hakea strumosa]]''
*''[[Hakea subsulcata]]''
*''[[Hakea sulcata]]''
*''[[Hakea teretifolia]]'' (Dagger Hakea)
*''[[Hakea tephrosperma]]'' (Hooked Needlewood, Striped Hakea)
*''[[Hakea trifurcata]]'' (Two-leaf Hakea)
*''[[Hakea trineura]]''
*''[[Hakea tuberculata]]''
*''[[Hakea undulata]]''
*''[[Hakea ulicina]]''
*''[[Hakea varia]]'' (Variable Leaved Hakea)
*''[[Hakea verrucosa]]''
*''[[Hakea victoria]]'' (Royal Hakea)
*''[[Hakea vittata]]''
|}
==References==
{{Commons|Hakea}}
* {{cite book|author=Barker WR, Barker RM, Haegi L|year=1999|chapter=Hakea|editor=Wilson, Annette (ed.)|title=Flora of Australia: Volume 17B: Proteaceae 3: Hakea to Dryandra|pages=1–170|publisher=CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study|id=ISBN 0-643-06454-0}}
* {{cite book|author=Holliday Ivan |year=2005|title=Hakeas:a field and garden guide|publisher=Reed New Holland|id=ISBN 1-877069-14-0}}
* {{cite book|author=Young, JA |year=2006|title=Hakeas of Western Australia : a field and identification guide|publisher= <!-- self --> |isbn = 9780958577823}}
<gallery>
Image:Hakea corymbosa.JPG|''Hakea corymbosa'' from southwest WA
Image:H petiolaris4 keilor bg email.jpg|''Hakea petiolaris'' from southwest WA
Image:Hakea bakeriana2 april 04 email.jpg|''Hakea bakeriana'' from NSW Central Coast
Image:Hakea archaeoides 1 email.jpg|''Hakea archaeoides'', from NSW North Coast
Image:Hakea-seed.jpg|Hakea seed pod, ACT, Aust.
Image:20070521 Pincushion Hakea Flower.jpg|Flower of Hakea laurina (Pincushion Hakea) in Bonbeach, Victoria, Australia
</gallery>
==External links==
*{{Flora of Australia Online|name=''Hakea''|id=3144}}
*{{FloraBase|name=''Hakea''|id=21320}}
* [http://asgap.org.au/hakea.html The ''Hakea'' Page: index] [[Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants]]
[[Category:Hakea| ]]
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