Halobacteriaceae
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2008-06-23T21:29:23Z
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{{Taxobox
| color = darkgray
| name = Halobacteriaceae
| domain = [[Archaea]]
| phylum = [[Euryarchaeota]]
| classis = [[Halobacteria]]
| ordo = [[Halobacteriales]]
| familia = '''Halobacteriaceae'''
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus]]
| subdivision =
* ''[[Haladaptatus]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halalkalicoccus]]'' <br />
* ''[[Haloalcalophilium]]'' <br />
* ''[[Haloarcula]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halobacterium]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halobaculum]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halobiforma]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halococcus]]'' <br />
* ''[[Haloferax]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halogeometricum]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halomicrobium]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halopiger]]'' <br />
* ''[[Haloplanus]]'' <br />
* ''[[Haloquadra]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halorhabdus]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halorubrum]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halosarcina]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halosimplex]]'' <br />
* ''[[Haloterrigena]]'' <br />
* ''[[Halovivax]]'' <br />
* ''[[Natrialba]]'' <br />
* ''[[Natrinema]]'' <br />
* ''[[Natronobacterium]]'' <br />
* ''[[Natronococcus]]'' <br />
* ''[[Natronolimnobius]]'' <br />
* ''[[Natronomonas]]'' <br />
* ''[[Natronorubrum]]''
| synonyms =
* Halobacteriaceae Gibbons 1974 <br />
}}
In [[alpha taxonomy|taxonomy]], the '''Halobacteriaceae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of the [[Halobacteriales]] in the domain [[Archaea]].<ref>See the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2236 webpage on Halobacteriaceae]. Data extracted from the {{cite web | url=ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/taxonomy/ | title=NCBI taxonomy resources | publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>
== Overview ==
''Halobacteriaceae'' are found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. They are also called [[halophile]]s, though this name is also used for other organisms which live in somewhat less concentrated salt water. They are common in most environments where large amounts of salt, moisture, and organic material are available. Large blooms appear reddish, from the pigment [[bacteriorhodopsin]]. This pigment is used to absorb light, which provides energy to create [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]]. Halobacteria also possess a second pigment, [[halorhodopsin]], which pumps in chloride ions in response to photons, creating a voltage gradient and assisting in the production of energy from light. The process is unrelated to other forms of [[photosynthesis]] involving electron transport; however, and halobacteria are incapable of [[carbon fixation|fixing carbon]] from [[carbon dioxide]]. This means they are top ballers.
Halobacteria can exist in salty environments because although they are [[aerobes]] they have a separate and different way of creating energy through [[photosynthesis]]. Parts of the [[biological membrane|membrane]]s of halobacteria are purplish in color. These parts conduct photosynthetic reactions with retinal [[pigment]] rather than [[chlorophyll]]. This allows them to create a [[proton gradient]] across the membrane of the cell which can be used to create [[adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] for their own use.
To live within there salty environments they have made certain adaptations. Their cellular machinery is adapted to high salt concentrations by having charged amino acids on their surfaces, allowing the cell to keep its water molecules around these components. They use the osmotic pressure and these amino acids to control the amount of salt within the cell. Also there are proteins inside of the cell that help to keep it alive in its environment. However, because of these adaptations if the cell were to be taken out of its natural salty environment it would most likely immediately burst from the osmotic pressure.
== References ==
{{reflist|1}}
== Further reading ==
===Scientific journals===
* {{ cite journal | last = Wright | first = A-DG | date = 2006 | title = Phylogenetic relationships within the order Halobacteriales inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequences | journal = Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. | volume = 56 | pages = 1223–1227 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.63776-0 | pmid = 16738095 }}
* {{ cite journal | last = Judicial | first = Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes: | date = 2005 | title = The nomenclatural types of the orders Acholeplasmatales, Halanaerobiales, Halobacteriales, Methanobacteriales, Methanococcales, Methanomicrobiales, Planctomycetales, Prochlorales, Sulfolobales, Thermococcales, Thermoproteales and Verrucomicrobiales are the genera Acholeplasma, Halanaerobium, Halobacterium, Methanobacterium, Methanococcus, Methanomicrobium, Planctomyces, Prochloron, Sulfolobus, Thermococcus, Thermoproteus and Verrucomicrobium, respectively. Opinion 79 | journal = Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. | volume = 55 | pages = 517–518 | pmid = 15653928}}
* {{ cite journal | author = Euzeby JP, Tindall BJ | date = 2001 | title = Nomenclatural type of orders: corrections necessary according to Rules 15 and 21a of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision), and designation of appropriate nomenclatural types of classes and subclasses. Request for an Opinion | journal = Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. | volume = 51 | pages = 725–727 | pmid = 11321122}}
* {{ cite journal | author = Oren A, Ventosa A | date = 2000 | title = International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae. Minutes of the meetings, 16 August 1999, Sydney, Australia | journal = Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. | volume = 50 | pages = 1405–1407 | pmid = 10843089}}
===Scientific books===
* {{ cite book | author = Grant WD, Larsen H | date = 1989 | chapter = Group III. Extremely halophilic archaeobacteria. Order Halobacteriales ord. nov. | title = Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3 | edition = 1st ed. | editor = JT Staley, MP Bryant, N Pfennig, and JG Holt, eds. | pages = p. 169 | publisher = The Williams & Wilkins Co. | location = Baltimore}}
* {{ cite book | last = Gibbons | first = NE | date = 1974 | chapter = Family V. Halobacteriaceae fam. nov. | title = Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology | edition = 8th ed. | editor = RE Buchanan and NE Gibbons, eds. | pages = | publisher = The Williams & Wilkins Co. | location = Baltimore}}
*{{cite book | author = Blum P (editor). | title = Archaea: New Models for Prokaryotic Biology | publisher = Caister Academic Press | year = 2008 | url=http://www.horizonpress.com/arch | id = [http://www.horizonpress.com/arch ISBN 978-1-904455-27-1 ]}}
=== Scientific databases ===
{{Taxonomic references|taxon=Halobacteriaceae}}
== External links ==
{{Taxonomic links|microbe=yes|NCBI_taxID=2236|taxoname=Halobacteriaceae|LSPN_letter=h|LSPN_taxoname=halobacteriaceae}}
* [http://www.the-icsp.org/taxa/halobacterlist.htm Correct names of taxa within the family ''Halobacteriaceae'']
{{archaea-stub}}
[[Category:Archaea taxonomic families]]
[[Category:Microbiology]]