Hamburg
13467
226077177
2008-07-16T18:53:22Z
89.176.25.182
/* External links */
{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox German Bundesland
|Name = Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
|German_name = Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg
|image_photo = Binnenalster am Abend.jpg
|state_coa = Coat of arms of Hamburg.svg
|coa_size = 70
|map = Deutschland Lage von Hamburg.svg
|flag = Flag of Hamburg.svg
|area = 755
|area_source =
|population = 1769117
|pop_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/de_zs01_hh.asp |title=State population |work=Portal of the Federal Statistics Office Germany |accessdate=2007-04-25}}</ref>
|pop_date = 2007-10-31
|GDP = 86,153
|GDP_year = 2006
|GDP_percent = 3.9
|Website = [http://www.hamburg.de/ hamburg.de]
|leader_title = [[List of mayors of Hamburg|First Mayor]]
|leader = Ole von Beust
|leader_party = CDU
|ruling_party1 = CDU
|ruling_party2 = Alliance '90/The Greens
|votes = 3
|NUTS = DE6
|Vorwahl = 040
|Kfz=HH |iso region=DE-HH |PLZ=20001–21149, 22001–22769
|lat_deg=53 |lat_min=35 |lon_deg=9 |lon_min=59
}}
'''Hamburg''' ([[German language]]: {{pronounced|ˈhambʊɐk}}, local pronunciation [ˈhambʊɐç] [[Low German language|Low German]]/[[Low Saxon language|Low Saxon]]: ''Hamborg'' [ˈhaˑmbɔːχ], English: {{IPA|[ˈhæmbəˑg]}}) is the second-largest city in [[Germany]] (after [[Berlin]]) and along with [[Hamburg Harbour]], its central port, Hamburg is also the second-largest port in Europe (after [[Rotterdam]]), ninth-largest port in the world, and [[Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits|the most populous city in the European Union which is not a national capital]]. The city contains an approximate 1.8 million inhabitants.
Hamburg's proper name is the ''Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg'' ({{lang-de|Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg}}). It makes reference to Hamburg's membership in the medieval [[Hanseatic League]] and also to the fact that Hamburg is a [[city-state]] and one of the sixteen [[States of Germany|Federal States of Germany]].
Hamburg is located on the southern point of the [[Jutland Peninsula]], directly between [[Continental Europe]] to its south, [[Scandinavia]] to its north, the [[North Sea]] to its west, and the [[Baltic Sea]] to its east. Hamburg is located in the position where the River [[Elbe]] meets with the rivers [[Alster]] and [[Bille]]. The central city area is situated around the [[Binnenalster]] ("Inner Alster") and the [[Außenalster]] ("Outer Alster") both of which are usualy the river Alster but retained as lakes. The island of [[Neuwerk]] and two other islands in the [[North Sea]] are also part of Hamburg, forming the [[Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park]].
Hamburg is a world-renowned centre of commerce, especially within Northern Germany. It is also a city of diverse cultures, all of which are accepted within the city.
== History ==
[[Image:Map hamburg 1800.png|thumb|Hamburg in 1800.|260px]]
The city takes its name from the first permanent building on the site, a castle ordered to be built by Emperor [[Charlemagne]] in 808 AD. The castle was built on rocky ground in a marsh between the Alster and the Elbe as a defense against [[Slav]]ic incursion. The castle was named ''Hammaburg'', where "burg" means "castle". The "Hamma" element remains uncertain. [[Old High German]] includes both a hamma, "angle" and a hamme, "pastureland". The angle might refer to a spit of land or to the curvature of a river. However, the language spoken might not have been Old High German, as [[Low Saxon]] was spoken there later. Other theories hold that the castle was named for a surrounding Hamma forest, or for the village of Hamm, later incorporated into the city. Hamm as a place name occurs a number of times in Germany, but its meaning is equally uncertain. It could be related to "heim" and Hamburg could have been placed in the territory of the ancient [[Chamavi]]. However, a derivation of "home city" is perhaps too direct, as the city was named after the castle. Another theory is that Hamburg comes from ''ham'' which is Old Saxon for ''shore''.
In 834 Hamburg was designated the seat of a [[bishopric]], whose first bishop, [[Ansgar]], became known as the Apostle of the North. In 845 a fleet of 600 [[Viking]] ships came up the River Elbe and destroyed Hamburg, at that time a town of around 500 inhabitants. Two years later, Hamburg was united with [[Archbishopric of Bremen|Bremen]] as the bishopric of Hamburg-Bremen.
[[Image:seal hamburg 1245.jpg|80px|left|seal of 1245.]]
In 983, the town was destroyed by King [[Mstivoj]] of the [[Obodrites]]. In 1030, the city was burned down by King [[Mieszko II Lambert]] of [[Poland]]. After further raids in 1066 and 1072 the bishop permanently moved to Bremen. Hamburg had several great fires, notably in 1284 and 1842.
The charter in 1189 by [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I "Barbarossa"]] granted Hamburg the status of an [[Imperial Free City]] and tax-free access up the Lower Elbe into the North Sea. This charter, along with Hamburg's proximity to the main trade routes of the North Sea and Baltic Sea, quickly made it a major port in [[Northern Europe]]. Its trade alliance with [[Lübeck]] in 1241 marks the origin and core of the powerful Hanseatic League of trading cities.
In 1529 the city embraced [[Lutheranism]], and Hamburg subsequently received [[Protestant]] refugees from the [[Netherlands]] and [[France]]. Hamburg was at times under [[Denmark|Danish]] sovereignty while remaining part of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] as an Imperial Free City.
Briefly annexed by [[Napoleon I]] (1810–14), Hamburg suffered severely during his last campaign in Germany but managed to raise two forces to fight against him, the [[Hamburg Citizen Militia]] and [[Hanseatic Legion]]. The city was besieged for over a year by Allied forces (mostly Russian, Swedish and German). Russian forces under [[Levin August, count von Bennigsen|General Bennigsen]] finally freed the city in 1814. During the first half of the 19th century a patron goddess with Hamburg's Latin name ''Hammonia'' emerged, mostly in romantic and poetic references, and although she has no mythology to call her own, [[Hammonia]] became the symbol of the city's spirit during this time.
In 1842, about a quarter of the inner city was destroyed in the "Great Fire". This fire started on the night of the [[4 May]] [[1842]] and was extinguished on [[8 May]]. It destroyed three churches, the town hall, and countless other buildings. It killed 51 people, and left an estimated 20,000 homeless. Reconstruction took more than 40 years.
Hamburg experienced its fastest growth during the second half of the 19th century, when its population more than quadrupled to 800,000 as the growth of the city's Atlantic trade helped make it Europe's third-largest port.
[[Image:Hamburg Jungfernstieg (1890-1900).jpg|thumb|260px|Hamburg's central promenade Jungfernstieg on River Alster in 1900.]]
With [[Albert Ballin]] as its director the [[Hamburg-America Line]] became the world's largest [[transatlantic]] shipping company at the turn of the century, and Hamburg was also home to shipping companies to South America, Africa, [[India]] and [[East Asia]]. Hamburg became a cosmopolitan metropolis based on worldwide trade. Hamburg was the port for most Germans and Eastern Europeans to leave for the [[New World]] and became home to trading communities from all over the world (like a small [[Chinatown]] in Altona, Hamburg).
In 1903, the world's first<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-1100481/Richard-Ungewitter Richard Ungewitter (German author) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> organized club for social and family [[Naturism|nudism]], ''Freilichtpark'' (Free-Light Park) was opened in Hamburg by Paul Zimmerman. It was located on a lake formed by the Alster River in the southern part of the city, adjoining a bathing beach.
After [[World War I]] Germany lost her [[German colonies|colonies]] and Hamburg lost many of its trade routes. In 1938 the city boundaries were extended with the ''Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz'' ([[Gesetz über Groß-Hamburg und andere Gebietsbereinigungen|Greater Hamburg Act]]) to incorporate [[Wandsbek]], [[Harburg, Hamburg|Harburg]], Wilhelmsburg and [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]].
During [[World War II]] Hamburg suffered a series of devastating air raids which killed 42,000 German civilians (see [[Bombing of Hamburg in World War II]]). Through this, and the new zoning guidelines of the 1960s, the inner city lost much of its architectural past.
The [[Iron Curtain]] — only {{convert|50|km|mi|-1}} east of Hamburg — separated the city from most of its hinterland and further reduced Hamburg's global trade. On [[February 16]], [[1962]] a [[North Sea flood of 1962|severe storm]] caused the Elbe to rise to an all-time high, inundating one fifth of Hamburg and killing more than 300 people.
After [[German reunification]] in 1990, and the accession of some Eastern European and Baltic States into the [[European Union|EU]] in 2004, [[Hamburg Harbour]] and Hamburg have ambitions for regaining their positions as the region's largest deep-sea port for container shipping and its major commercial and trading centre. Since reunification the Greater Hamburg Metropolitan Region gained about 400,000 inhabitants and in 2007 its population was about 4.3 million people.
== Main sights ==
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=== Churches ===
[[image:€2 commemorative coin Germany 2008.jpg|thumb|left|St. Michaelis Church on the €2 coin 2008]]
The skyline of Hamburg features the high spires of the five principal churches (''Hauptkirchen'') covered with green copper plates.
*[[St. Michaelis Church, Hamburg|St. Michaeliskirche]] (Saint Michael's Church, nicknamed “Michel")
*[[St. Nikolai (Hamburg)|St. Nikolaikirche]] (Saint Nicholas' Church, memorial)
*[[St. Petri, Hamburg|St. Petrikirche]] (Saint Peter's Church, 11th century)
*[[St. Jacobi, Hamburg|St. Jacobikirche]] (Saint Jacob's Church, 13th century)
*[[St. Katharinen (Hamburg)|St. Katharinenkirche]] (Saint Catherine's Church, 14th century)
(The dates given correspond to the establishment of the respective parish; the buildings are considerably younger)
Other churches are also visible in the inner city:
*[[St.Johannis, Harvestehude, Hamburg]] (Saint John's) at the Außenalster
===Bridges and tunnels===
Hamburg has a number of prominent buildings from the past and present.
The many canals in Hamburg are crossed by over 2500 bridges, more than [[Amsterdam]] and [[Venice]] combined. Hamburg has more bridges inside its city limits than any other city or town on Earth.
*[[Köhlbrandbrücke]]
*[[Freihafen Elbbrücken]]
*[[Old Elbe Tunnel]] (''Alter Elbtunnel'')
*[[New Elbe Tunnel]] (''Elbtunnel'')
Lombardsbrücke and Kennedybrücke divide Binnenalster from Aussenalster
===Towers and masts===
*[[Heinrich-Hertz-Turm]]
*[[Transmitter Hamburg-Billstedt]]
=== Other sights ===
;Townhall ([[Rathaus]])
Richly decorated Neo-Renaissance building finished in 1896. With its tower of 112 meters it is Europe's highest townhall. On its facade it shows the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire since Hamburg was, as a Free Imperial City, only under the sovereignty of the emperor.
<ref>[http://fhh1.hamburg.de/fhh/internetausstellungen/rathausfuehrung/rathausmarkt.htm Auf dem Rathausmarkt<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
;[[Chilehaus]]
A brick stone office building from 1922 spectacularly shaped like an ocean liner. Designed by architect [[Fritz Höger]].
;Stadtpark
Hamburg's "Central Park" has a great lawn and a huge watertower which houses one of Europe's biggest Planetariums. The park and its buildings were also designed by Fritz Schumacher in the 1910s
;[[HafenCity]]
To be completed around 2015 Europe's largest inner city development will house about 10 000 inhabitants and 15 000 workers. Its ambitious planning and architecture (amongst others designs by Rem Kolhaas and Renzo Piano will be realized) are slowly coming into shape. Its location in an abandoned area of the harbour is already drawing tourists.
In 2008 the International Maritime Museum will open, By the end of 2009 the Elbphilharmonie – by many considered Germany's most exciting new structure – is scheduled to house its first concerts in a spectacular building designed by the Swiss firm Herzog & de Meuron on top of an old warehouse.
=== Parks ===
The many parks of Hamburg are distributed over the whole city, which makes Hamburg a very green city. The biggest parks are the ''Stadtpark'', the [[ Ohlsdorf cemetery]] and [[Planten un Blomen]].
== Culture ==
[[Image:Hamburg-alster-dusk.jpg|thumb|260px|The smaller Alster (Binnenalster) lake at dusk.]]
=== Theatres ===
*Altonaer Theater
*Theater Allee
*Schauspielhaus
*Ernst-Deutsch-Theater
*Hansa Theater
*Theater im Zimmer
*English Theatre
*St. Pauli Theater
*Schmidts Tivoli
*Hamburger Kammerspiele
*Imperial Theater (Hamburg)|Imperial Theater
*komödie - im Winterhuder Fährhaus
*[[Thalia Theater (Hamburg)|Thalia-Theater]]
*Thalia Gaußstraße
*Monsun Theater
*Theater Imago
*Kampnagel-Fabrik
*Theater für Kinder
*Neues Theater am Holstenwall
*Theater in der Basilika
*Schilleroper
*Theaterschiff am Mäuseturm
*Ohnsorg-Theater—a theatre in which the actors speak Low Saxon (but they speak [[Missingsch]]-infused German for national television broadcasts, since Low Saxon is not comprehensible to most German speakers)
== Politics of Hamburg ==
{{main|Politics of Hamburg}}
The city of Hamburg is one of 16 [[German states]], therefore the First [[Mayor of Hamburg]]'s office corresponds more to the role of a [[minister-president]] than to the one of a "normal" city mayor. The current First Mayor of Hamburg is [[Ole von Beust]], who governs in Germany's first state-wide "black-green" coalition, consisting of the conservative [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]] and the alternative [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Green Party]].
== Economy ==
The most significant economic basis for Hamburg is the [[Hamburg Harbour]], which ranks 2<sup>nd</sup> only to [[Rotterdam]] in Europe and 9<sup>th</sup> worldwide with transshipments of {{TEU|9.8 million|first=yes}} of cargo and 134 million tons of goods in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|work=Lloyds List Daily Commercial News|last=Van Marle|first=Gavin|pages=8-9|date=2008-01-31|title=Europe Terminals stretched to limit}}</ref> After German reunification, Hamburg recovered the eastern portion of its hinterland, becoming by far the fastest growing port in Europe. International trade is also the reason for the large number of consulates in the city. Although situated {{convert|68|mi|km|-1}} up the Elbe, it is considered a sea harbor due to its ability to handle large ocean-going vessels.
Hamburg, along with [[Seattle]] and [[Toulouse]], is one of the most important locations of the civil [[aerospace]] industry in the world. [[Airbus]], which has one of its two assembly plants in Hamburg, and related companies employ over 30,000 people in or near the city.
Other important industries are media businesses, most notably four of Germany's largest publishing companies, [[Axel Springer AG]], [[Gruner + Jahr]], [[Heinrich Bauer Verlag]], [[Der Spiegel]] and Die Zeit. About half of Germany's national newspapers and magazines are produced in Hamburg. There are also a number of music companies (the largest being [[Warner Bros. Records]] Germany) and Internet businesses (e.g. [[AOL]], [[Adobe Systems]] and [[Google]] Germany, and also Web 2.0 companies like [[Qype]]).
Heavy industry includes the making of steel, aluminium and Europe's largest copper plant [http://www.na-ag.com/], and a number of shipyards such as [[Blohm + Voss]] [http://www.blohmvoss.de/].
==Transport==
Hamburg's [[Licence plates in Germany|licence plate]] prefix is "HH" (Hansestadt Hamburg, English: Hanseatic City of Hamburg), rather than just the single-letter normally used for large cities. The prefix "H" is used in [[Hanover]] instead.
As in most larger German cities, public transport is organised by a fare-collection joint venture between transportation companies. Tickets sold by one member company in this [[Hamburger Verkehrsverbund]] (Hamburg traffic group) (HVV) are valid on all other HVV companies' services.
HVV acts as an overall coordinating body for transport in the Hamburg combination, with representation by the [[Hamburger Hochbahn]] (Hamburger Overhead Railway); [[Deutsche Bahn]] (German Federal Railroads); [[AKN Eisenbahn|AKN railway company]] (Altona—Kaltenkirchen—Neumunster Railway); HADAG Seetouristik und Fahrdienst A. G. (HADAG sea-tourism and driving service shares society); VHH (Verkehrsbetriebe Hamburg-Holstein A.G./ Transporting enterprises Hamburg Holstein shares society); PVG (Pinneberger Verkehrsgesellschaft, mbH/ Pinneberger public transport company, Inc); and KVG (Kraftverkehrgesellschaft, GmbH/ Motor Traffic Company, LLC).
Nine mass transit routes across the city are the backbone of Hamburg public transport. The [[Hamburg U-Bahn|U-Bahn]] comprises three lines and the [[Hamburg S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] system, six. U-Bahn is short for ''Untergrundbahn'' (underground railway). Approximately {{convert|41|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of {{convert|101|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of the U-Bahn is underground; most of the U-Bahn tracks are on embankments or viaducts or at ground level. Older residents still speak of the system as the ''Hochbahn'' ("elevated railway"). The Hamburg S-Bahn has a total length of {{convert|115.2|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} ({{convert|8|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=/}} single-track, {{convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=/}} underground) with 59 stations, of which 10 are underground. A light rail system, the AKN, connects to satellite towns in Schleswig-Holstein. Gaps in the mass-transit network are filled by bus routes, plied by single-deck, two-, three- and four-axle diesel buses. Hamburg has no trams or trolley-buses, but has hydrogen-fueled buses operating pilot services. The tram network was shut down in 1978.
Finally, regional trains of Germany's major railway company [[Deutsche Bahn AG]] and the regional ''[[metronom Eisenbahngesellschaft|metronom]]'' trains may be used with a HVV public transport ticket, too. Except at the three bigger stations in the centre of Hamburg, the regional trains hardly stop inside the area of the city.
A 24-hour bus network operates as frequently as every 2 minutes on busy routes (30 minutes in suburban areas). There are six ferry lines along the river Elbe, operated by the ''HADAG'' company. While mainly used by Hamburg citizens and dock workers, they can also be used for sightseeing tours at the (relatively) low cost of a HVV public transport ticket.
Hamburg is connected to four [[Autobahn]]en (motorways) and is the most important railway junction on the route to Scandinavia.
===Airports===
[[Hamburg Airport]] is the oldest airport in Germany still in operation. There is also the smaller [[Hamburg Finkenwerder Airport]], used only as a company airport for [[Airbus]]. Some airlines market [[Lübeck Airport]] in [[Lübeck]] as serving Hamburg.
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==Music==
Famous composers connected to Hamburg include:
*[[Georg Philipp Telemann]] (1681–1767) died in Hamburg.
*[[Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach]] (1714–1788, son of [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]) died in Hamburg.
*[[Felix Mendelssohn]] (1809–1847) was born in Hamburg.
*[[Johannes Brahms]] (1833–1897) was born in Hamburg.
Hamburg and vicinity is a popular place of residence for famous contemporary classical composers. Hungarian composer [[György Ligeti]] (1923–2006) also known for his music in films by [[Stanley Kubrick]] lived in Hamburg for 30 years and taught at the local music academy. He was succeeded at the [[Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg|Hochschule]] by the Russian-German composer [[Alfred Schnittke]] (1934–1998) who died in Hamburg. His countrywoman [[Sofia Gubaidulina]] (born in 1931) lives on the outskirts of Hamburg. Other important composers living and working in Hamburg are [[Manfred Stahnke]], a pupil of [[György Ligeti]]'s, [[Peter Ruzicka]], [[Peter Michael Hamel]] and [[:de:Babette Koblenz|Babette Koblenz]].
The [[Hamburg State Opera]] is one of the leading German opera houses. Its orchestra is the [[Philharmoniker Hamburg]]. Hamburg's current Generalmusikdirektorin is [[Simone Young]], music director of both the opera and the orchestra.
Hamburg's most prestigious orchestra is the [[North German Radio Symphony Orchestra]].
Hamburg's main concert venue is the Laeiszhalle-Musikhalle, pending the completion of the Elbphilharmonie Hamburg. The Musikhalle which is the home of the [[Hamburger Symphoniker]].
===St. Pauli===
{{main|St. Pauli}}
St. Pauli is usually associated with the street of [[Reeperbahn]], a synonym for one of the world's most famous red light districts. The singer and actor [[Hans Albers]] is strongly associated with St. Pauli, providing in the 1940s the neighbourhood's unofficial anthem, "Auf der Reeperbahn Nachts um Halb Eins." The song explains in a polite way how a sailor enjoys his last day with a trollop before going aboard. St. Pauli is known for giving [[the Beatles]] a start in their musical career in the early 1960s. The Beatles lived in [[St. Pauli]] and played at the Indra and the [[Kaiserkeller]] (1960), the [[Top Ten Club]] (1961), and the [[Star-Club]] (1962), which was located in the district near the perhaps most famous street of Hamburg, the [[Reeperbahn]]. St. Pauli is also known as a centre for the German punk movement.
===Contemporary popular===
[[Nena]] lives in Hamburg. [[Sascha Konietzko]] the frontman and founder of [[KMFDM]] is from Hamburg and visits regularly.
More recently it is known for some of the most popular German [[hip hop music|hip hop]] acts, such as [[Fünf Sterne deluxe]], [[Samy Deluxe]], [[Beginner]] and [[Fettes Brot]]. There is also a quite big [[Alternative rock|alternative]] and [[punk rock|punk]] scene which gathers around the Rote Flora [http://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/roteflora/], an occupied former theatre located in the district of Sternschanze. Some of the musicians of the famous electronic band [[Kraftwerk]] also came from Hamburg. In addition, the members of [[Tokio Hotel]] currently reside in Hamburg. Other Hamburg residents include German comedic troop Studio Braun and comedian Helge Schneider. The seemstress Floriana Schmidtess resides in the St. George neighbourhood and counts among the city's elite.
Hamburg is also famous for an original kind of German [[alternative music]] called ''[[Hamburger Schule]]'' ("Hamburg School"), a term used for bands like [[Tocotronic]], [[Blumfeld]], [[Die Sterne]] and [[Tomte (band)|Tomte]].
Hamburg was one of the major centres of the [[heavy metal music]] world in the 1980s. Many bands such as [[Helloween]], [[Running Wild (band)|Running Wild]] and [[Grave Digger (band)|Grave Digger]] got their start in Hamburg. The influences of these bands and other bands from the area were critical to establishing the subgenre of [[Power metal]].
Hamburg is also one of the most important global centres for [[psychedelic trance]] music. It is home to many record labels such as [[Spirit Zone]], [Mushroom Magazine, the world's best known and longest running [[psy-trance]] magazine, as well as many parties and club nights. During the summer people from all over the world flock to the countryside surrounding Hamburg to attend massive festivals such as [[Voov Experience]], [[Shiva Moon]], [[Tshitraka]] and [[Fusion Festival]].
[[Image:Lion King Hamburg.jpg|thumb|''The Lion King'' theatre in Hamburg's harbour.|260px]]
Since the German premiere of ''[[Cats (musical)|Cats]]'' in 1985 there are always a number of [[musical theatre|musicals]] being played in the city. Among them have been ''[[Phantom of the Opera]]'', ''[[The Lion King#Musical|The Lion King]]'' or Dirty Dancing (before there was ''[[Dance of the Vampires]]''). This density, which is the highest in Germany, is partly due to Germany's major musical production company ''Stage Entertainment'' being located in Hamburg. One of the musical theatres is a large tent in the harbour, guests either arrive by boat or through the historic Old Elbe Tunnel.
Hamburg was one city to take part in the [[Complaints Choir]] project.
== Museums ==
Currently Hamburg has 79 museums. Famous and popular ones include:
*Altona Museum and North German State Museum [http://www.altonaer-museum.de/de/]
*Art Gallery and Gallery of Contemporary Arts and ([[Kunsthalle Hamburg]] und [[Galerie der Gegenwart]]) [http://www.hamburger-kunsthalle.de/]
*BallinStadt - The History of Emigration [http://www.ballinstadt.com/]
*Bucerius Kunst Forum [http://www.buceriuskunstforum.de/]
*Deutsches Zollmuseum [http://www.zoll.de/h0_wir_ueber_uns/h0_zollmuseum/index.html]
*Erotic Art Museum [http://www.eroticartmuseum.de/]
*Hamburg Dungeon [http://www.hamburgdungeon.com/]
*Hamburg Museum for Archaeology and the History of [[Harburg, Hamburg|Harburg]]
*[[Neuengamme|Neuengamme concentration camp]] memorial [http://www.hamburg.de/Neuengamme/welcome.en.html]
*Helms-Museum [http://www.helmsmuseum.de/]
*[[Johannes Brahms|Johannes-Brahms-Museum]]
*Hamburger SV Museum [http://www.hsv-museum.de/]
*[[Internationales Maritimes Museum Hamburg|International maritime museum]]
*Museum of Art and Design (Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe) [http://www.mkg-hamburg.de/mkg.php/de/]
*Museum of Communication (Museum für Kommunikation) [http://www.museumsstiftung.de/hamburg/d511_rundgang.asp]
*Museum of Ethnography (Museum für Völkerkunde) [http://www.voelkerkundemuseum.com/]
*Museum of Hamburg History (Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte) [http://www.hamburgmuseum.de/]
*Museum of Labour (Museum der Arbeit) [http://www.museum-der-arbeit.de/], an Anchor Point of ERIH, The [[European Route of Industrial Heritage]]
*Speicherstadt Museum [http://www.speicherstadtmuseum.de/]
*St. Pauli Museum [http://www.st-pauli-museum.com/]
*See also: [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorie:Museum_%28Hamburg%29 List of museums in Hamburg] in the German Wikipedia
== Cuisine ==
Hamburg is the birthplace of the [[Hamburger]]. This is not a myth. The beef patties a German immigrant from Hamburg sold in the 1850s in [[New York City|New York]] allegedly were named after the butcher and then became a generic term.
Original Hamburg dishes are ''Bohnen, Birnen und Speck'' (Low Saxon ''Bohn, Peern un Speck'', green runner beans cooked with pears and bacon), ''Aalsuppe'' (Low Saxon ''Oolsupp'', often mistaken to be German for "eel soup" (''Aal''/''Ool'' ‘eel’), however the name probably comes from the Low Saxon ''allns'' [ʔaˑlns], meaning “all”, “everything and the kitchen sink”, not necessarily eel. Today eel is often included to meet the expectations of unsuspecting diners.), ''Bratkartoffeln'' (Low Saxon ''Brootkartüffeln'', pan-fried potato slices), ''Finkenwerder Scholle'' (Low Saxon ''Finkwarder Scholl'', pan-fried plaice), ''Pannfisch'' (pan-fried fish), ''Rote Grütze'' (Low Saxon ''Rode Grütt'', related to Danish ''[[rødgrød]]'', a type of summer pudding made mostly from berries and usually served with cream, like Danish ''rødgrød med fløde'') and ''Labskaus'' (a mixture of corned beef, mashed potatoes and beetroot, a cousin of the Norwegian ''lapskaus'' and [[Liverpool]]'s [[lobscouse]], all offshoots off an old-time one-pot meal that used to be the main component of the common sailor's humdrum diet on the high seas).
Hamburg is the birthplace of ''Alsterwasser'' (a reference to the city's river Alster with two lake-like bodies in the city centre thanks to damming), a type of [[shandy]], a concoction of equal parts of beer and carbonated lemonade (''Zitronenlimonade''), the lemonade being added to the beer. Hamburg is also home to a curious regional dessert pastry called ''[[Franzbrötchen]]''. Looking rather like a flattened croissant, the ''Franzbrötchen'' is somewhat similar in preparation but includes a cinnamon and sugar filling, often with raisins or brown sugar [[streusel]]. The name may also reflect to the roll's [[croissant]]-like appearance -- ''franz'' appears to be a shortening of ''französisch'', meaning "French", which would make a ''Franzbrötchen'' a “French roll.” Being a Hamburg regional food, the ''Franzbrötchen'' becomes quite scarce outside the borders of the city; as near as [[Lunenburg]] (''[[Lüneburg]]'') it can only be found as a ''Hamburger'' and is not to be had in [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]] at all.
Ordinary bread rolls—without which a leisurely weekend breakfast in Hamburg is unimaginable—tend to be oval-shaped and of the French bread variety. The local name is ''Rundstück'' (“round piece” rather than mainstream German ''Brötchen'', diminutive form of ''Brot'' “bread”) <ref>[http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2002/08/05/53895.html www.abendblatt.de: Hamburger Rundstück] {{de icon}} Retrieved on [[June 16]] [[2008]]</ref>, a relative of Denmark's ''[[rundstykke]]''. In fact, while by no means identical, the cuisines of Hamburg and Denmark, especially of Copenhagen have a lot in common. This also includes a predilection for open-faced sandwiches of all sorts, especially topped with cold-smoked or pickled fish. The American hamburger seems to have developed from Hamburg's ''Frikadelle'' (or ''Frikandelle''): a pan-fried patty (usually larger and thicker than the American counterpart) made from a mixture of ground beef, soaked [[stale bread]], egg, chopped onion, salt and pepper, usually served with potatoes and vegetables like any other piece of meat, not usually on a bun. (Many Hamburgers consider their ''Frikadelle'' and the American hamburger different, virtually unrelated “creatures.”)
== Sports ==
[[Image:Hamburg AOL-Areana HSV-SGE.jpg|thumb|left|200px|HSV vs [[Eintracht Frankfurt]], May 2004]]
Hamburg is considered Germany's capital of sports since no other city is home to more first league teams and international sports events. [[Hamburger SV]], the most successful team in Germany, is a [[Football (soccer)|football]] team in the [[Bundesliga (football)|Bundesliga]] (which has played in the group stages of the [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] twice; in 2000/2001 and in 2006/2007). HSV is a six time German champion, a three time German cup winner and triumphed in the European cup in 1977 and 1983. The most famous players in its history are Uwe Seeler, Kevin Keegan, Chris White, Nicholas Fowell, Manfred Kaltz, Felix Magath, Horst Hrubesch, Franz Beckenbauer and Rafael van der Vaart. They play at the [[HSH Nordbank Arena]] (average attendance in the 06/07 season was 56 100).
The [[Hamburg Freezers]] represent Hamburg in the [[Deutsche Eishockey-Liga|DEL]], the highest [[ice hockey]] league in Germany. The [[HSV Handball]] represents Hamburg in the German [[Bundesliga (handball)|handball league]]. In 2007 HSV Handball won the European Cupwinners Cup. Both teams play in the ultra-modern [[Color Line Arena]]. Additionally [[FC St. Pauli]] is a second division (formerly third League) football club. They play at the [[Millerntor-Stadion]] which they regularly sell out and are world famous for their anti racist, anti sexist, actively anti Neo-Nazi and left-leaning fans.
Hamburg is the nation's [[field hockey|hockey]] capital and dominates the men's as well as the women's [[Bundesliga (field hockey)|Bundesliga]] with teams like [[Der Club an der Alster]], [[Großflottbeker THGC]], [[Harvestehuder THC]], [[Klipper THC]] or [[Uhlenhorster HC]]. There are also several minority sports clubs, surprisingly Hamburg has four cricket clubs, Alster CC, HSV Cricket, Pak Alemi CC and Hamburg International CC.
Hamburg is also home to the Hamburg Dockers Australian Rules Football club which compete in the German Australian Football League. The FC St.Pauli dominates women's Rugby in Germany. Other first league teams include NA Hamburg (Volleyball), Hamburger Polo Club, Blue Devils (American Football).
The Centre Court of Tennis Stadium Rothenbaum with a capacity of 13000 people is the fifth largest in the world and home to the German Open.
Hamburg also hosts Germany's most prestigious equestrian events at Reitstadion Klein Flottbek (Deutsches Derby in jumping and dressage) and Horner Rennbahn (Deutsches Derby racing). The Hamburg Marathon (18 000 participants), Worldcups in Cycling and Triathlon are also held here.
The HSH Nordbank Arena (formerly the AOL Arena and originally Volksparkstadion) was used a site for the [[2006 World Cup]].
In 2010 the HSH Nordbank Arena will host the final of the [[UEFA Cup]].
See also: [[Deutsches Derby]]
==Religion==
41% of inhabitants are [[Christians]], 10% of them being [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholics]]. Muslims (mostly Sunni) are 12% of the population. About 39% profess no religion. There are also large numbers of [[Hindus]] and [[Sikhs]].
==Language==
As elsewhere in Northern Germany, the original language of Hamburg is Low Saxon, usually referred to as ''Hamborger Platt'' (German ''Hamburger Platt'') or ''Hamborgsch''. It is still in use, albeit by a minority and rarely in public, probably due to a hostile climate between World War II and the early 1980s. Since large-scale Germanisation beginning in earnest with in the 18th century, various Low German-coloured dialects have developed (contact-varieties of German on Low Saxon substrates). Originally, there was a range of such Missingsch varieties, best known being the low-prestige ones of the working classes and the somewhat more “posh” bourgeois ''Hanseatendeutsch''. All of these are now moribund due to the influences of “proper” German propagated by education and media, perhaps also because of gradual erosion of the erstwhile independent spirit and local pride of Hamburg's population. However, the former importance of [[Low German]] is indicated by several songs, such as the famous [[sea shanty]] [[Hamborger Veermaster]], written in the 19th century when Low German was used more frequently.
In addition, immigration brought numerous dialects from all over the German-speaking world used to Hamburg, also a large number of foreign language communities. Hamburg has a sizeable population of [[Sinti]] and [[Roma people|Roma]] (“Gypsy”) people, some of them sedentary (mostly Sinti) and some of them nomadic or semi-nomadic (mostly Roma), camp grounds being set aside by the state and municipal governments. Hamburg is thus one of the few locations in the world in which both Sinti and [[Romany language|Romany]] are spoken, and it is also one of the major headquarters of international Roma organisations.
==Education==
There are 245 [[Primary education|primary schools]], 195 [[Secondary education|secondary schools]] <ref>[http://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/regional/regional.php Statistical office Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein] ''Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein'', official website {{de icon}} (2006) Retrieved on [[June 16]] [[2008]]</ref> and 33 libraries <ref>[http://www.buecherhallen.de/aw/home/~cf/ueber_uns/ Libraries Hamburg website] ''Bücherhallen Hamburg'' {{de icon}} Retrieved on [[June 16]] [[2008]]</ref> in Hamburg proper.
===Universities===
Currently, up to 29 institutions of tertiary education are located in Hamburg:
*AMD - Akademie für Mode & Design [http://www.amdnet.de/ website]
*BAH - Berufsakademie Hamburg [http://www.ba-hamburg.de/ website]
*BLS - [[Bucerius Law School]] - Hochschule für Rechtswissenschaft [http://www.law-school.de/scripts/mgrqispi.dll?APPNAME=CampusNet&PRGNAME=CNET_SHOWNEWS&ARGUMENTS=-N2,-N1401,-N1,-N1,-N1100,-A,-A,-A,-A,-N1,-N1,-N0,-AN,-N,-N1,-N0,-N2,-N1401,-N1,-N1,-N1101,-A,-A,-A,-A,-N2,-N6,-N0,-AN,-N100,-N1,-N0,-N000000000000002,-N0000 website]
*EBC - Euro-Business College Hamburg [http://www.hamburg.euro-business-college.de/2tun_engl.htm website]
*Euro-FH - Europäische Fernhochschule Hamburg - European University of Applied Sciences Hamburg [http://www.euro-fh.com/ website]
*EvFH - Evangelische Fachhochschule für Sozialpädagogik, Soziale Arbeit und Diakonie [http://www.rauheshaus.de/bildung/ev-fachhochschule-fuer-sozialpaedagogik/ website]
*FHÖV - Fachhochschule für Öffentliche Verwaltung Hamburg [http://www.fhoev-hamburg.de/ website]
*FOM - Fachhochschule für Oekonomie und Management Studienort Hamburg [http://www.fom.de/studienort_hamburg.html website]
*FüAkBw - Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr [http://www.fueakbw.de/ website]
*HAW - Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften - [[Hamburg University of Applied Sciences]] [http://www.haw-hamburg.de/index.php?id=3068 website]
*HCU - HafenCity University for Architecture, City Planning, Structural Development and Geomatics [http://www.hcu-hamburg.de/site/home_en.html website]
*HfbK - Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg - University of Fine Arts Hamburg [http://www.hfbk-hamburg.de/ website]
*HfF - Hochschule für Finanzen (website not available yet)
*HFH - Hamburger Fern-Hochschule [http://www.fern-fh.de/ website]
*HfMT - [[Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg]] [http://www.musikhochschule-hamburg.de/ website]
*HH - Hotelfachschule Hamburg [http://www.Hotelfachschule-Hamburg.de/ website]
*HMS - Hamburg Media School [http://www.hamburgmediaschool.com website]
*HSBA - Hamburg School of Business Administration [http://www.hsba.de website]
*HSU - [[Helmut Schmidt]] Universität / Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg - Helmut Schmidt University / [[University of the Federal Armed Forces]] Hamburg [http://www.hsu-hh.de/hsu/index.php?action=setlanguage&language=en website]
*HWP - Hamburger Universität für Wirtschaft und Politik [http://www.hwp-hamburg.de/ website]
*ICoM- International College of Music, Hamburg [http://www.icom-hamburg.de/ website]
*JAK - Akademie JAK Modedesign [http://www.jak.de/ website]
*NITM - Northern Institute of Technology Management [http://www.nithh.de/ website]
*SSH - Stage School Hamburg [http://www.stageschool.de/index.php?lang=en website]
*TUHH - Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg - [[Hamburg University of Technology]] [http://www.tu-harburg.de/index_e.html website]
*UHH - Universität Hamburg - [[University of Hamburg]] [http://www.uni-hamburg.de website]
* [[University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf]] [http://www.uke.uni-hamburg.de website]
*WAHH - Wirtschaftsakademie Hamburg [http://www.wahamburg.de website]
*ZMNH - Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg - Centre for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg [http://www.zmnh.uni-hamburg.de/]
==Tourism==
<gallery>
Image:Speicherstadt 1890.jpg|Warehouse district 1890
Image:Speicherstadt3glp.JPG|Warehouse district
Image:Kesselhaus.JPG|The Kesselhaus (boiler house)
Image:Freedom-of-the-Seas--in-Hamburg.jpg|"Freedom of the Seas" behind the Landungsbrücken
</gallery>
Tourists play a significant role in the city's economy, and according to the magazine ''Travelhouse Media'' two of the most visited sites in Germany are located here: the harbour (8 million visitors per year) and the Reeperbahn (4 million), compared to famous sites like the [[Cologne Cathedral|Cathedral]] in Cologne (6 million) or the castle [[Neuschwanstein]] (200,000) unexpected high numbers to most people. Hamburg has the fastest growing tourism industry in Germany (2005 and 2006 approx. 15%) and will most probably reach rank 10 of Europe's most visited tourist destinations by 2008.
Hamburg is best visited in spring or summer. A typical Hamburg visit includes a tour of the city hall and the grand church [[St. Michaelis (Hamburg)|St. Michaelis]] (called the ''Michel''), and visiting the old warehouse district (''Speicherstadt'') and the harbour promenade (''Landungsbrücken''). Sightseeing buses connect these points of interest. Of course, a visit in one of the world's largest harbours would be incomplete without having taken one of the harbour and/or canal boat tours (''Große Hafenrundfahrt'', ''Fleetfahrt'') which start from the Landungsbrücken. Many visitors, especially those with a taste for the low life, take a walk in the evening around the area of Reeperbahn, considered Europe's largest red light district and home of many strip clubs, bars and nightclubs. It was in the Reeperbahn that [[The Beatles]] began their career with a 48-night residency at the [[Indra Club]], and then another 58 nights at the Kaiserkeller, in 1960. Others prefer the laidback Schanze district with its street cafés or a barbecue on one of the beaches along the river Elbe. Hamburg's famous zoo, the [[Tierpark Hagenbeck]], was founded in 1907 by [[Carl Hagenbeck]] as the first zoo with moated, barless enclosures. A friend of Hagenbeck's, the illustrator [[Heinrich Leutemann]] made some illustrations here.
Quite common is a tour through Northern Germany with Hamburg as a starting point or stop-over.
However, most people visit Hamburg because of a specific interest, notably one of the musicals, a sports event, a congress or fair. Therefore, in 2005, the average visitor spent two nights in Hamburg. The majority of visitors come from Germany (80%); most foreigners are European, especially from the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Switzerland]], and the largest group from outside Europe comes from the [[United States|U.S.]] An interesting footnote is the high number of rich guests from the [[Arabian peninsula]], who seek treatment in one of Hamburg's hospitals.
===Regular events===
For the interested visitor, some events held every year:
* Sports (Note that a registration, usually months in advance, is needed for public races.)
** Hamburg Marathon [http://www.marathon-hamburg.de/] — [[marathon (sport)|marathon]], open to the public: April
** Tennis Masters Series Am Rothenbaum [http://www.dtb-tennis.de/AmRothenbaum_en/]: May
** HSH Nordbank Run, [http://www.hsh-nordbank-run.de/] open to the public. Race through the [[HafenCity]] (HarbourCity): May
** Hamburg Masters [http://www.hamburgmasters.de] — Hockey 4 Nations Trophy: August
** [[Dragon boat race]], open to the public: August
** Cyclassics [http://www.hew-cyclassics.de/] — UCI-ProTour bike race, open to the public: August
** Hamburg City Man Triathlon [http://www.hamburgcityman.de/] — [[triathlon]], open to the public: August
* Film festivals
** Filmfest Hamburg [http://www.filmfesthamburg.de/]: September
** Fantasy Filmfest [http://www.fantasyfilmfest.com/]: April
** Kurzfilmfestival — International Short Film Festival [http://www.shortfilm.com/]: June
** Lateinamerika-Filmtage — Latin-America Days [http://www.cinelatino.de/]: December
** Spanische Filmtage — Spanish Days [http://www.cinelatino.de/]: July
** Lesbian & Gay Film Festival Hamburg [http://hamburg.gay-web.de/filmtage/]: October
* Arts and exhibitions
** International Fireworks Festival: August
** Kirschblütenfest — Grand fireworks and Japanese culture: May
** Lange Nacht der Museen — one ticket, 40 of Hamburg's museums open until midnight: May
** PHP Unconference — Yearly two-day PHP Conference [http://www.php-unconference.de/]: April
** Theme nights (jungle, romantic, Asian) at Hagenbeck's zoo [http://www.hagenbeck.de/]: Saturdays in summer
* Music
** Fleetinselfest — Music and international artists open air [http://www.bwp-events.de/eigene/fleetinsel_main.html]: July
** G-Move — [[Techno music|Techno]] parade (until 2005, since 2006 taking place at the city of [[Kiel]])
** Schlagermove — German 1960s / 1970s music parade [http://www.schlagermove.de/]: July
** Reeperbahn Festival — huge indoor music festival in many Clubs of the Red-Light-District in St. Pauli, mostly Rock, Alternative and Indie-music: September [http://www.reeperbahn-festival.com/]
* Fun / Street festivals
** [[Alstervergnügen]] [http://www.alstervergnuegen-hamburg.de/] — Alster fair: first weekend of September
** [[Christopher Street Day]] (Gay Pride Parade) [http://www.hamburg-pride.de/]: June
** Hamburger Dom [http://www.hamburger-dom.de/] — considered the largest funfair in northern Germany: three times a year
** Hafengeburtstag [http://www.hamburger-hafengeburtstag.de/] — Hamburg's harbour birthday: May
** Motorradgottesdienst — Biker's divine service in Hamburg's largest church St. Michaelis: June
==Sister cities==
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]], [[United States]], since 1994
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Dresden]], [[Germany]] (then [[East Germany]]), since 1987
* {{flagicon|Nicaragua}} [[León, Nicaragua|León]], [[Nicaragua]], since 1989
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Marseille]], [[France]], since 1958
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Osaka]], [[Japan]], since 1989
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]], since 1990
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[St. Petersburg]], [[Russia]], then [[Soviet Union]], since 1957
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Shanghai]], [[People's Republic of China]], since 1986
More information: [http://www.partnerstadt.hamburg.de Hamburg sister cities] (in German only)
== Famous people born in Hamburg ==
*Sportspeople
**[[Andreas Brehme]], born in 1960, football coach and former football defender
**[[Stefan Effenberg]], born in 1968, former soccer player and football player
**[[Tommy Haas]], born in 1978, tennis player
**[[Max Schmeling]], 1905–2005, German boxer and heavyweight champion
**[[Uwe Seeler]], born in 1936, football manager and former football player
*Politicians
**[[Helmut Schmidt]], born in 1918, German Social Democratic politician and former [[Chancellor of Germany]] (1974-1982)
**[[Angela Merkel]], born in 1954 [[Chancellor of Germany]]
*Entertainment
**[[Fatih Akin]], born in 1973, film director
**[[Hans Albers]], 1891–1960, actor and singer
**[[Samy Deluxe]], born in 1977, hip hop artist, writer and producer
**[[Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy]], 1809–1847, composer
**[[Johannes Brahms]], 1833–1897, composer
**[[Oliver Hirschbiegel]], born in 1957, film director
**[[Astrid Kirchherr]], born in 1938, photographer and artist
**[[Oliver Uckermann]], founder and male vocalist of band [[Stillste Stund]]
**[[Michael Kiske]], [[Michael Weikath]], [[Kai Hansen]], [[Ingo Schwichtenberg]] and [[Markus Grosskopf]] of [[Helloween]], power metal band
**[[Christian Kleffner]], born in 1976, photographer and artist
*Writers
**[[Rudolf Augstein]], 1923–2002, writer
**[[Wolfgang Borchert]], 1921–1947, author and playwright
**[[Marion Dönhoff]], 1909–2002, writer, journalist and publisher
**[[Henri Nannen]], 1913–1996, writer
*Fashion designers
**[[Karl Lagerfeld]], born in 1933, fashion designer
*Scientists
**[[Michael Artin]], born in 1934, mathematician, professor at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]
**[[Heinrich Rudolf Hertz]], 1857–1894, physicist and electronic engineer
*Painters
**[[Daniel Richter]], born in 1962, painter
*Others
**[[Albert Ballin]], 1857–1918, businessman
**[[Paul Carl Beiersdorf]], 1836–1896, pharmacist
**[[Helmuth Hübener]], 1925–1942, youngest opponent of the [[Third Reich]] to be sentenced to death and executed.
;See also
*[[List of Honorary Citizens of Hamburg]]
== More impressions ==
<gallery>
Image:Hamburg-Rathaus-Nacht.jpg|Town Hall
Image:Hamburg.Oberlandesgericht.wmt.jpg|Oberlandesgericht
Image:Strafjustizgebäude Hamburg-Neustadt.jpg|Strafjustizgebäude
Image:Hh-strafjustizgebaeude-detail.jpg|Strafjustizgebäude detail
Image:UniHHHauptgebaeude.jpg|University
Image:Hamburg.Kunsthalle.Kuppel.wmt.jpg|Hamburg Hall of Arts
Image:Hamburg.Thalia.jpg|Thalia Theatre
Image:Hamburg Deutsches Schauspielhaus 01 KMJ.jpg|Schauspielhaus
Image:Hamburg Musikhalle 01 KMJ.jpg|Laeisz Hall
Image:HH Alsterarkaden pano2.jpg|Alsterarkaden
Image:Hamburg Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten 01 KMJ.jpg|Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten
Image:Altona1000251.JPG|Town Hall Altona
Image:Gustav Eberlein-Kaiser Wilhelm-Hamburg-Altona.jpg|Statue
Image:Hamburg-Bismarck-Denkmal-frontal.jpg|Bismarck Statue
Image:Hamburg Planetarium Illuminated.jpg|Planetarium
Image:StMichaeliskirche(Michel).SW.20050521.jpg|St. Michaelis Church (Michel)
Image:Nikolaikirche Hamburg von Nikolaibruecke.jpg|Ruin of Nikolaitower
Image:Binnenalster Panorama.jpg|Panorama of the Binnenalster
Image:Hamburg 20050527 0616.jpg|Hamburg Neustadt
Image:Hh-wmalster.jpg|Radisson Hotel & Heinrich Hertz Tower
Image:Hamburg.BerlinerTorCenter.wmt.jpg|Berliner Tor
Image:Dockland Hamburg Germany ViewfromElbe.jpg|Dockland
Image:Hamburg-Hanseatic-Trade-Center.jpg|Hanseatic Trade Center Speicherstadt
Image:Hafenstadt Hamburg (4).jpg|Speicherstadt 1
Image:Speicherstadt P1040663.jpg|Speicherstadt 2
Image:Hamburg.Speicherstadt.panorama.wmt.jpg|Speicherstadt Panorama
Image:Köhlbrandbrücke5478.JPG|Köhlbrandbridge
Image:Reeperbahn.jpg|Reeperbahn
Image:RMS Queen Mary 2 in Hamburg 1.jpg|Queen Mary
Image:St-Pauli-Landungsbruecken - Bruecke 5.JPG|Landungsbrücken
</gallery>
== External links ==
{{sisterlinks|Hamburg}}
* [http://international.hamburg.de/?ba=english Official Hamburg website]
* {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Germany/States/Hamburg/}}
* [http://www.panorama-cities.net/hamburg/hamburg_germany.html Hamburg CityPanoramas]
* [http://vrhamburg.mheitmann.ch Virtual Tour]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
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{{Hanseatic League}}
{{Free Imperial Cities}}
{{Lower Saxon Circle}}
{{States of the German Confederation}}
{{States of the North German Confederation}}
{{States of the German Empire}}
{{States of the Weimar Republic}}
{{Germany states}}
{{Boroughs of Hamburg}}
}}
[[Category:Hamburg| ]]
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[[Category:Port cities and towns in Germany]]
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[[Category:States of the North German Confederation]]
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[[Category:States of the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea]]
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