Hamm
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robot Adding: [[bg:Хам (град)]]
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{{Infobox German Location
|Name = Hamm
|German_name =
|Art = City
|image_photo = Hamm Luftbild Innenstadt 2007.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = City of Hamm
|Wappen = Counts of Mark Arms.svg
|Wappengröße =
|lat_deg = 51 | lat_min = 40 | lat_sec = 57
|lon_deg = 7 | lon_min = 49 | lon_sec = 13
|Karte =
|Lageplan =
|Lageplanbeschreibung =
|Bundesland = North Rhine-Westphalia
|Regierungsbezirk = Arnsberg
|Kreis = urban district
|Höhe = 37.7 - 102
|Fläche = 226.26
|area_metro =
|Einwohner = 183672
|pop_metro =
|Stand = 2006-12-31
|pop_ref =
|PLZ = 59000-59077
|PLZ-alt = 4700
|Vorwahl = 02381, 02382, 02383, 02384, 02385, 02388, 02389, 02307
|Kfz = HAM
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 9 15 000
|NUTS =
|LOCODE =
|Gliederung = Hamm-Mitte, Bockum-Hövel, Heessen, Rhynern, Uentrop, Pelkum, Herringen
|Website = [http://www.Hamm.de www.hamm.de]
|Bürgermeister = Thomas Hunsteger-Petermann
|Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
|Partei = CDU
}}
'''Hamm''' is a city in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] (NRW), [[Germany]]. It is located on the [[Lippe River]], in the northeastern part of the [[Ruhr area]]. As of December 2003 its population was 180,849. The city situated between the [[Bundesautobahn 1|A1 motorway]] and [[Bundesautobahn 2|A2 motorway]]. [[Hamm (Westfalen) railway station|Hamm railway station]] is an important hub for rail transport and renowned for its distinctive station building.
[[Image:Hamm station hall.jpeg|left|thumb|250 px|Hamm railway station hall (Hauptbahnhof Hamm / Bahnhofshalle )]]
==History==
===Coat of arms===
The coat of arms has been in use in its present form for about 750 years. It shows the markish chessboard ("märkischen Schachbalken") in red and silver on a golden field. Originally it was the founders' coat of arms, i. e. the Counts of Mark. The chessboard and the colours are often displayed in the coats of arms of further towns founded by that family line. Similarly, the colours of the city are red and white.
===Overview===
The name ''Ham'' means "corner" in the old [[Low German]] dialect spoken at that time. In the old times the name''thom Hamme'' would be used, which evolved slowly into its modern form ''Hamm''. The name derives from the description of the Hamm's location in the corner of the Lippe river and the narrow Ahse affluent, where it was founded on Ash Wednesday in March [[1226]] by Count Adolf I of the [[Mark (county)|Mark]].
[[Image:Pauluskirche Hamm.jpg|right|thumb|250 px|Pauluskirche former St.Georg, main church of Hamm]]
[[Image:Gruendungsprivileg Hamm.jpg|left|thumb|250 px|"Gründungsprivileg" Town rights of Hamm]]
*[[1350]] The [[Black death]] killed nearly all of the citizens. Only seven families survived.
*[[1469]] Hamm became a member of the [[Hanseatic League]]. It was one of the most powerful towns in the region, while the large cities of the today's Ruhr area still were only tiny villages.
*[[1614]] The Treaty of Xanten ends the conflict about the heritage of Cleve-Mark, the [[Electorate]] Brandenburg (later [[Prussia]]) inherited the Ducal Cleve and the counties Ravensburg and Mark (with Hamm)
*[[1618]]-[[1648]] [[Thirty Years' War]], Hamm was taken several times by different armed forces and had to endure changing garrisons. Almost all buildings were destroyed, except for the main church St. Georg (today: Pauluskirche) and St. Agnes church.
*[[1657]] Establishment of the Gynasium illustre (later named Gymnasium Hammonense) with three faculties ([[theology]], [[jurisprudence]] and [[philosophy]]).
*[[1753]] Establishment of the regional court (Landgericht)
*[[1767]] "Märkische Kammerdeputation" established
*[[1769]] Brewery Isenbeck founded
*[[1787]] Changing of the "Märkische Kammerdeputation" into the "Märkische Kriegs- und Domänenkammer" by the Prussian "Generaldirektorium".
*[[1818]] Hamm has 4,688 inhabitants.
*[[1820]] The regional appeal court moves from Cleve to Hamm.
*[[1847]] First train stops at the main station Hamm
*[[1853]] Westfälische Union (later Thyssen Draht AG) was founded
*[[1856]] Westfälische Draht Industrie was founded (later Klöckner Draht GmbH, today Westfälische Draht Industrie (WDI))
*[[1901]] 30,000 inhabitants, the district Hamm is split up into the urban district of Hamm (City) and the district of Unna.
*[[1901]] Coal-mine de Wendel in Herringen starts mining (later Heinrich-Robert, now Bergwerk Ost) (first coal output 1904)
*[[1902]] Coal-mine Maximilian in Werries/Ostwennemar starts mining (first coal output 1907)
*[[1905]] Coal-mine Radbod in Bockum-Hövel starts mining (first coal output 1905)
*[[1912]] Coal-mine Sachsen in Heessen starts mining (first coal output 1914)
*[[1914]] Datteln-Hamm-Canal is completed including the new city port
*[[1938]] The A2(motorway)reaches Hamm
*[[1939]]-[[1945]] 55 air raids destroy nearly 60% of the old city and leave only a few historical buildings.
*[[1944]] Coal-mine Maximillian closes after several problems with water drainage of the hole mine (completely flooded in 1914).
*[[1945]] First meeting of the city council after the war
*[[1946]] Establishment of the industrial court and the industrial court of appeal by the Allied Control Council.
*[[1956]] Sport airfield founded in the Lippe meadows.
*[[1965]] A1(motorway)reaches Hamm.
*[[1976]] Coal-mine Sachsen closes
[[Image:Hamm Sri Kamadchi Ampal-Tempel.jpg|right|thumb|250 px|Sri Kamadchi Ampal Temple Hamm]]
*[[1984]] First ''Landesgartenschau'' (horticultural show of the federal state) of North Rhine-Westphalia is held in Hamm. The old area of the coal-mine Maximillian was used for this purpose. The world greatest Glasselefant is built as main attraction and until today is one of the major landmarks of the city.
*[[1990]] Coal-mine Radbod closes.
*[[2002]] Consecration of the Sri Kamadchi Ampal-Temple
*[[2005]] Establishment of the university of applied sciences "SRH Fachhochschule Hamm"
===Population development===
Until 1833 any population is an approximation, in later times the population was counted or updated by the local government or other institutions of the government.
{|
| valign="top" |
{|class="wikitable"
! style="background:#efefef;" | year
! style="background:#efefef;" | population
|-
| [[1618]] || align="right" | 1,000
|-
| [[1719]] || align="right" | 3,250
|-
| [[1798]] || align="right" | 3,065
|-
| [[1818]] || align="right" | 4,680
|-
| [[1832]] || align="right" | 6,272
|-
| 3rd December [[1861]] ¹ || align="right" | 11,600
|-
| 3rd December [[1867]] ¹ || align="right" | 16,000
|-
| 1st December [[1871]] ¹ || align="right" | 16,924
|-
| 1st December [[1875]] ¹ || align="right" | 18,877
|-
| 1st December [[1880]] ¹ || align="right" | 20,800
|-
| 1st December [[1885]] ¹ || align="right" | 22,523
|-
| 1st December [[1890]] ¹ || align="right" | 24,969
|-
| 2nd December [[1895]] ¹ || align="right" | 28,589
|-
|}
| valign="top" |
{|class="wikitable"
! style="background:#efefef;" | year
! style="background:#efefef;" | population
|-
| 1st December [[1900]] ¹ || align="right" | 31,371
|-
| 1st December [[1905]] ¹ || align="right" | 38,429
|-
| 1st December [[1910]] ¹ || align="right" | 43,663
|-
| 1st December [[1916]] ¹ || align="right" | 40,776
|-
| 5th December [[1917]] ¹ || align="right" | 40,516
|-
| 8th October [[1919]] ¹ || align="right" | 45,756
|-
| 16th June [[1925]] ¹ || align="right" | 49,777
|-
| 16th June [[1933]] ¹ || align="right" | 53,532
|-
| 17th May [[1939]] ¹ || align="right" | 59,035
|-
| 31 December [[1945]] || align="right" | 50,971
|-
| 29 October [[1946]] ¹ || align="right" | 49,751
|-
| 13th September [[1950]] ¹ || align="right" | 59,866
|-
| 25th September [[1956]] ¹ || align="right" | 66,327
|-
|}
| valign="top" |
{|class="wikitable"
! style="background:#efefef;" | year
! style="background:#efefef;" | population
|-
| 6th June [[1961]] ¹ || align="right" | 70,641
|-
| 31. December [[1965]] || align="right" | 73,520
|-
| 27. May [[1970]] ¹ || align="right" | 84,942
|-
| 31. December [[1975]] || align="right" | 172,210
|-
| 31. December [[1980]] || align="right" | 171,869
|-
| 31. December [[1985]] || align="right" | 166,379
|-
| 25th May [[1987]] ¹ || align="right" | 171,170
|-
| 31. December [[1990]] || align="right" | 179,639
|-
| 31. December [[1995]] || align="right" | 183,408
|-
| 31. December [[2000]] || align="right" | 181,197
|-
| 31. December [[2005]] || align="right" | 180,849
|}
|}
¹ "Volkszählungsergebnis" counted population
==Politics and Structure==
=== City council ===
The city council has 58 members, since 2004 the seating is the following:
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"
| || [[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]] || [[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands|SPD]] || [[Bündnis 90/Die Grünen|GRÜNE]] || [[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]] || [[Wählergruppe|BG Hamm]] || [[Die Republikaner|REP]] || Parteilos || '''Gesamt'''
|- align="center"
| [[2004]] || 28 || 20 || 3 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 58
|}
Head of the city Council is the "[[Oberbürgermeister]]" ([[Lord mayor]] mainly used translation, but different in the functions of office) the chief executive (since 1999) of the administration in Hamm. The "Oberbürgermeister" is elected diretctly for a five years term, together with the city council.
The "Oberstadtdirektor" was the chief executive bevor the [[1999]] reform of NRW, he was a non- elected executive of the administration and the "Oberbürgermeister" in the period bevor 1999 was only the elected representative.
===Incorprations===
In 1939, 1968 and 1975 Hamm incorporated several towns and municipalities: in 1939 the village Mark (which the Counts and the county took the name of) and in 1968 the villages of Berge and Westtünnen. In the reorganisation of 1975, the following towns and municipalities were incorporated into the City of Hamm:
#The town of '''Bockum-Hövel''', Lüdinghausen district
#The town of '''Heessen''', Beckum district
#The municipality of '''Uentrop''', Unna district, formed in 1968, including the municipalities of Braam-Ostwennemar, Frielinghausen, Haaren, Norddinker, Schmehausen, Uentrop, Vöckinghausen and Werries
#The municipality of '''Rhynern''', (Unna district, without Hilbeck incorporated by Werl), formed in 1968, including the municipalities of Allen, Freiske, Hilbeck, Osterflierich, Osttünnen, Rhynern, Süddinker and Wambeln
# The municipality of '''Pelkum''', (Unna district), formed in 1968, including the municipalities of Herringen, Lerche, Pelkum, Sandbochum, Weetfeld and parts of Wiescherhöfen.
The number of citizens more than doubles from 83.000 in 1974 to 173.000 in 1975.
===City structure===
<!-- Please do not change the alignment of the column content since they seem to effectively reflect the geographic positions. -->
{| border="0" align="right" width="400px"
|-----
| width ="25%" align="right" valign="bottom" | [[Image:Wappen Ascheberg.png|20px]]<br/>[[Ascheberg]]<sup>1</sup>
| width ="10%" align="center" valign="bottom" | [[Image:WappenDrensteinfurt.gif|20px]]<br/>[[Drensteinfurt]]²
| width ="15%" align="left" valign="bottom" | [[Image:Ahlen-wappen.gif|20px]]<br/>[[Ahlen]]²
| width ="25%" align="left" valign="bottom" | [[Image:Lippetal.png|20px]]<br/>[[Lippetal]]³
|-----
| width ="25%" align="right" | [[Image:Wappen Werne.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Werne]]<sup>4</sup>
| width ="50%" align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:Stadtkarte Hamm.png|100px|center|Boroughs of Hamm]] Hamm<br/><small>(Map of districts and boroughs)</small>
| width ="25%" align="left" | [[Image:Wappen von Welver.png|20px]]<br/>[[Welver]]³
|-----
| width ="25%" align="right" valign="top" | [[Image:DEU Bergkamen COA.svg|20px]]<br/>[[Bergkamen]]<sup>4</sup>
| width ="25%" align="right" valign="top" | [[Image:Wappen Stadt Kamen.png|20px]]<br/>[[Kamen]]<sup>4</sup>
| width ="25%" align="center" valign="top" | [[Image:Gemeindewappen der Gemeinde Bönen.png|20px]]<br/>[[Bönen]]<sup>4</sup>
| width ="25%" align="left" valign="top" | [[Image:Unna-stadt.gif|20px]]<br/>[[Unna]]<sup>4</sup>
|-----
| width ="100%" align="right" colspan="4" | <small>1 [[Coesfeld (district)|District Coesfeld ]]<br />2 [[Warendorf (district)|District Warendorf ]]<br />3 [[Soest (district)|District Soest]]<br/>4 [[Unna (district)| District Unna]]</small>
|}
Hamm has seven quarters which are each divided into several statistical blocks:
#'''Hamm-Mitte''': City, Innenstadt-Süd, Innenstadt-Ost, Süden östlich Werler Straße, Süden westlich Werler Straße, Westen, nördlich Lange Straße, Westen südlich Lange Straße, Bahnhof einschließlich Ortsgüterbahnhof
#'''Uentrop''': Kurpark, Mark, Braam, Werries, Geithe, Ostwennemar, Norddinker, Vöckinghausen, Frielinghausen, Uentrop Ortskern
#'''Rhynern''': Berge, Westtünnen westlich Heideweg, Westtünnen östlich Heideweg, Rhynern Ortskern, Osttünnen, Freiske, Wambeln
#'''Pelkum''': Wiescherhöfen/Daberg, Lohauserholz, Selmigerheide/Weetfeld, Zechensiedlung, Harringholz, Pelkum Ortskern, Westerheide, Lerche
#'''Herringen''': Westenfeldmark, Ostfeld, Heidhof, Herringen Ortskern, Nordherringen, Herringer Heide, Sandbochum
#'''Bockum-Hövel''': Nordenfeldmark-West, Hövel-Mitte, Hövel-Nord, Hövel-Radbod, Bockum, Barsen, Holsen, Geinegge, Hölter
#'''Heessen''': Nordenfeldmark-Ost, Mattenbecke, Zeche-Sachsen, Heessen-Mitte, Heessen Ortskern, Westhusen, Dasbeck, Frielick
The earlier town of Bockum-Hövel today forms the quarter with the largest number of inhabitants, closely followed by the centre of the city Hamm-Mitte. The latter is the smallest quarter by metric size.
===Twin towns===
Hamm is currently [[Town twinning|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Neufchâteau]], [[France]], since 1967 (originally with the municipality Herringen).
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]], [[California]], since 1969.
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Bradford]], [[England]], since 1976.
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]], [[Tennessee]], since 1977.
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mazatlán]], [[Mexico]], since 1978.
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Toul]], [[France]], since 1987.
*{{flagicon|DEU}} [[Oranienburg]], [[Germany]], since 1990.
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Kalisz]], [[Poland]], since 1991.
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Afyonkarahisar]], [[Turkey]], since 2006.
=== Specials ===
In 2006 Hamm was the first city to accomplish a "Ratsbürgerentscheid" (citizens decision). Subject of the plebiscite was a plan to build a 43 ha city lake (2007-2010) near the city centre. 136,521 citizens were entitled to vote, 57,563 used that possibility and 56.9% refused their approbation for the project. As minimal vote 20% (of the total 136,521 voters) had to decide between one of the possibilities (20% for Yes or 20% for NO). The city council accepted the voting and stopped the plans.
This procedure is planned for future projects in NRW.
Also in Hamm established was the "Baugerichtstag e. V." a society organizing a congress about the German building law. The congress is held in a two years term.
==Health==
Several hospital are situated in Hamm. The largest is the Marien Hospital with ist two separate buildings, Marien Hospital I the old building within the centre of the city and Marien Hospital II together 587 beds. Then there is the (EVK Hamm) Evangelisches Krankenhaus Hamm (Protestant Hospital) commbined with the chidrens hospital south of the centre together 493 beds, the St. Barbara Klinik (Clinic) in Heessen with 422 beds and the Malteser Krankenhaus (Hospital) St. Josef in Bockum-Hövel with 260 beds. Additional there are the Klinik für manuelle Therapie (Clinic for manual therapy) within the quarter Bad Hamm (138 beds), the cure district. The Westfälisches Institut Hamm für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und psychotherapie (Westphalian Institute Hamm for Children's- and Youthpsychiatry and psychotherapy) as an Institute of the federal state (158 beds) and the private Klinik (clinic) am Bärenbrunnen. (All [[Hospital]]s together have 2058 beds.)
Former Hospitals are:
*The BWK [[Bundeswehr]]krankenhaus Hamm (Hospital of the Federal Defence Forces) closed in 2007 after a reform of the German forces.
*The St. Elisabeth Kinderklinik (Children's Hospital combined with the Märkische Kinderklinik and now part of the EVK Hamm as "Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin")
*Märkische Kinderklinik (Children's Hospital combined with the Elisabeth Kinderklinik and now part of the EVK Hamm as "Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin"))
*Knappschaftskrankenhaus ( Hospital operated by the health fund for miners ([[Bundesknappschaft]]) now Marien Hospital II)
==Education==
Hamm has six [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasien]] (grammar schools), two comprehensive schools and several [[Realschule]]n, [[Hauptschule]]n and Grundschulen ([[elementary school]]s). The oldest Gymnasium in Hamm is the Gymnasium Hammonense which was established as academic school (small university) with three faculties in 1657. The school declined in its importance and in 1781 merged with the local Latin school and got reformed by Prussia. The new combined school was humanist Gymnasium. In 1867 the "Märkisches Gymnasium" followed as the second Gymnasium of Hamm, in 1902 the "[[Freiherr vom Stein]] Gymnasium", in 1924 the "Beisenkamp Gymnasium" - first as "Oberlyceum" (Gymnasium for girls) - and in 1968 the "[[Galilei]]-Gymnasium" were established. Additionally in Schloss Heessen there is a private school including the Gymnasium. Both coprehensive schools in Hamm are younger foundations by the city during school reforms of NRW.
Hamm is also well known for its many [[vocational school]]s:
*"Friederich List Berufskolleg für Wirtschaft" a trade school
*"Eduard Spranger Berufskolleg für Technik" a vocational school for techniques
*"Elisabeth Lüders Berufskolleg für Sozialwesen, Gesundheit, Hauswirtschaft und Kinderpflege" a vocational school for social welfare, health, home economics and child care
,and several other schools.
In 2005 a small private university of applied sciences was established, the "SRH Fachhoschule Hamm".
The university of applied sciences started with two study programs ending with degrees of Bachelor and Master of Science for [[logistic engineering]].
The "Klinik für Psychatrie und Psychotherapie of the Marienhospital cooperates with the University Witten-Herdecke in eduacation and science.
== Industry and economy ==
[[Image:Schloss Heessen.jpg|right|thumb|250 px|Schloss Heessen]]
Major industrial branches are the [[coal-mining]] industry, [[steel industry]], [[chemical industry]] and the car component supplier industry.
In the last century there were four coal-mines within the urban district. Today the Bergwerk Ost in Herringen is the last operating coal mine with about 3,000 employees.
Mannesmann Hoesch Präzisrohr, Westfälische Draht Industrie (WDI) and Böhler Thyssen Welding are the major representatives of the steel industry, the chemical industry is represented by [[DuPont]] in Uentrop and the car supplier industry by Hella KGaA Hueck & Co. factory 4 in Bockum-Hövel with about 1000 employees.
The [[energy industry]] is represented by a [[RWE]] coal power plant and a further power plant (Trianel) in Uentrop. A new coal power plant is currently under construction. The [[THTR-300]], also in Uentrop-Schmehhausen, was decommissioned in 1989.
Alongside the A2, in the southern part of the urban district, a new business park inhabits the growing [[logistic]] business.
Hamm is also know as "City of Law" (Stadt des Rechts) because of the greatest German regional appeal court (Oberlandesgericht), the local court (Amtsgericht), the industrial court (Arbeitgericht) and the industrial appeal court (Landesarbeitsgericht). The Chamber of Notaries and bar association of the regional appeal court Hamm and the courts are of greater influence on the appearance of the city.
Several hospitals in the urban district are also important employers, for example the EVK Hamm has about 1000 employees.
===Media===
The only daily newspaper of Hamm printed there, is the "Westfälischer Anzeiger". At first, a weekly, newspaper in Hamm was the "Kreis Hammsches Wochenblatt" founded by Heinich Jakob Grote in [[1822]]. Its name was changed in [[1848]] to "Westfälischer Anzeiger". A second newspaper appeared, founded by the Thiemann family, the "Westfälische Kurier". Both co-existed until the end of the Second World War. After the War both newspapers were combined and named "Westfälischer Anzeiger und Kurier". In the 1960s another name-change made the "Westfälischer Anzeiger". This newspaper is the mantle of several smaller regional newspapers, together they had a total 153,428 copies in 2004. In the 1970s the "Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung" unsuccessfully tried to establish its own daily newspaper.
Two weekly newspapers appear in Hamm the "Stadtanzeiger" from the "Westfälischer Anzeiger" with a total of 384.000 copies and the Sonntags-Rundblick by a medium sized local company.
Since 1990 the local radio station "Radio Lippewelle Hamm" is On Air and number one radio station of the local radios in NRW.
On the 3rd October 1993 the "Offener Kanal Hamm" started broadcasting, it is a small TV project by people for the people, started through the federal state.
==Transport==
{{Location map many | GermanyCIAx
| mark=Green_pog.svg
| lat_deg=51 | lat_min=40 | lat_sec=57
| lon_deg=7 | lon_min=49 | lon_sec=13
| label= | marksize=8 | markhigh=8
| label2=Hamm | label2_size=79
| position2=right | background2=yellow
| lat2_deg=51 | lat2_min=43.5 | lat2_sec=57
| lon2_deg=7 | lon2_min=49 | lon2_sec=13
| mark2size=1
| caption='''Hamm''' (upper left) is northeast of [[Dortmund]], west of [[Kassel]].
| width=290 | float=right
}}<!--end Location_map_many-->
===Roads===
Hamm is linked to three [[motorway]]s. The [[Bundesautobahn 1]] (BAB 1 or A1, Puttgarden-Saarbrücken) named Hansaline with two connections No.81 and 82., the (BAB 2 or A2, Oberhausen-Berlin) with three connctions No.17,18 and 19 and the [[A445]] (Hamm-Arnsberg) which is connected by the B63 until the planned construction between Hamm and [[Werl]] is completed. The [[Kamener Kreuz]] is situated in the southwest of Hamm. Two "federal roads" (Bundesstrassen) the [[Bundesstrasse 61|B61]] and [[Bundesstrasse 61|B63]] intersect in the city centre. Several state roads (Landesstrassen) are connecting Hamm with its neighbouring towns and municipalities.
===Railways===
Hamm has three stations, the main railway station [[Hamm (Westfalen) railway station|Hamm (Westfalen)]] and two minor stations, one in Bockum-Hövel and the other one in Heessen. The main station is one of the biggest railway hubs in Germany, and connected with one of the greatest [[marshalling yard]]s of Europe, the latter now only partly operating. Notable is the railway station for its [[Art deco]] and [[Gründerzeit]] inspired building styles. Hamm is connected to the rail since May 2, [[1847]].
===Buses===
The [[city bus]] net Hamm is served by the "Stadtwerke Hamm", with 65 buses, and the "Verkehrsgesellschaft Breitenbach". A regional bus service is served by different companies and both nets serve the central [[bus station]], which is situated in front of the main railway station in the centre of Hamm. Hamm is part of the Verkehrsgemeinschaft Ruhr-Lippe. About 12 million people are using the bus net every year, transported by 50 bus lines with 500 bus stops within the city.
===Canal===
Hamm is the end of the "[[Datteln-Hamm-Kanal]]", three ports are situated in the urban district.
The city port, the canal end port Uentrop, and the port of "Gersteinwerk". The ports of Hamm are the second biggest canal port by freight transact, 1,4 millions tons a year by [[ship]]s and 0,5 million tons by train. The city [[port]] allowes for ships up to 110 [[meter]]s length 11,45 meters width and 2,7 meters draft. It is linked with the railway by a track to the near main railway station and the marshaling yard.
[[Image:Hamm Flughafen.jpg|right|thumb|250 px|sport airfield Hamm]]
===Airfield and Airports===
Near city centre, in the meadows of the River Lippe, the sport airfield Hamm is situated. Its runway is 900 m long and 30 m wide. The [[airfield]] is operated by the Luftsportclub Hamm e. V..
Hamm is situated in the middle of a triangle of three smaller International [[Airport]]s, in the north the [[Münster Osnabrück International Airport]] (FMO) in the south-west [[Dortmund Airport]] and in the east [[Paderborn Lippstadt Airport]].
The nearest greater [[International Airport]] is [[Düsseldorf International Airport]].
==Notable Citizens==
*1770, 5. April, Rulemann Friedrich Eylert, Reverend of the Reformed Church in Hamm, ev. Bischop in Potsdam
*1824, 13. April, [[Friedrich Kapp]], German-American attorney, author and politician
*1868, 24. October, Gustav Lübcke, bookbinder, merchant, art collector and director of the Museum Hamm (later named after him)
*1882, 18. January, Anna Siemsen, educationalist and politician
*1884, 5. Juli, August Siemsen, educationalist and politician
*1891, 27. March, Hans Siemsen, journalist and author
*1900, 9. Juli, Hermann Freytag, Lord mayor of Duisburg (NSDAP)
*1902, 2. Juni, Joachim von Elbe, jurist, member of legal department of the US military government in Germany after the Second World War.
*1903, 5. February, Fritz Everding, naturalistic painter and graphic artist
*1906, 19. May, Gerd Bucerius, publisher („Die Zeit“ ab 1959) and publicist (founder of the publishing house Gruner und Jahr GmbH & Co.)
*1907, 13. March, [[Ludwig Biermann]], physicist
*1907, 21. March, Josef Veldtrup, educationalist and poet
*1923, 16. March, Heinz Wallberg, [[conductor (music)|conductor]]
*1926, 21. February, Karl Otto Conrady, literary scientists, [[publisher]], [[lyric poet]] („Der Neue Conrady. Das große deutsche Gedichtbuch“)
*1927, 15. March, Hanns Joachim Friedrichs, TV-Journalist und moderator („Tagesthemen“)
*1927, 17. October, [[Friedrich Hirzebruch]], mathematician, founder and first director of the "Max-Planck-Instituts für Mathematik" in Bonn
*1930, 16. August, Manfred Schulte, politician (SPD), Member of the Bundestag (MdB)
*1941, 21. October, Gerhard Schmitt-Thiel, moderator, author and journalist
*1948, 22. March, [[Bernard Dietz]], named „Ennatz“ , [[footballer]]
*1951, 17. April, [[Horst Hrubesch]], footballer
*1953, 23. March, Josef Kaczor, named „Jupp“, footballer
*1956, 7. January, Leonard Lansink, actor („Wilsberg (TV-Series)“)
*1957, 24. January, Klaus Fiehe, musician und radio presenter
*1958, 17. April, Ralf Wosik, [[table tennis]] player
*1960, 7. February, Klaus J. Behrendt, actor ("Tatort-Kommissar Max Ballauf")
*1960, 13. Juni, Christoph Oertel, filmcomposer und sounddesigner
*1960, 1. September, Joachim Masannek, author und director of "Die Wilden Kerle"
*1964, 29. March, Andreas Obering (Der OBeL), actor („Das Wunder von Bern“), comedian
*1964, 16. Juni, Michael Lusch, footballer
*1964, 4. December, [[Uwe Kröger]], musical actor
*1965, 1. December, Till Hoheneder (Till), former Till&Obel, comedian und musician
*1978, 8. October, Torben Wosik, table tennis player
*1983, 5. November, [[Mike Hanke]], footballer for [[Hannover 96]]
==External links==
{{Commonscat|Hamm}}
{{Wikiquote|Städte#Hamm|Hamm}}
* [http://www.hamm.de The official site for Hamm, in German]
== Literature ==
* Anneliese Beeck: ''Hamm, Die 50er Jahre im Bild.'' Prolibris-Verlag, Kassel 2000, ISBN 3-935263-01-5
* Anneliese Beeck: ''So entstand das neue Hamm: Kriegsende und Wiederaufbau.'' Griebsch, Hamm 1992, ISBN 3-924966-03-6
* Anneliese Beeck: ''Es ging aufwärts in Hamm 1949–1955.'' Westfälischer Anzeiger Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamm 1997, ISBN 3-924966-13-3
* Anneliese Beeck: ''Auf dem Weg zur Großstadt Hamm: 1956–1975.'' Westfälischer Anzeiger Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamm 2001, ISBN 3-924966-30-3
* M[oritz] F[riedrich] Essellen: ''Beschreibung und kurze Geschichte des Kreises Hamm und der einzelnen Ortschaften in demselben'', Hamm 1985 (unveränderter Nachdruck der Originalausgabe von 1851), ISBN 3-923846-07-X
* Walther Hubatsch (Hrsg.): ''Grundriss zur deutschen Verwaltungsgeschichte 1815–1945, Band 8: Westfalen.'' Johann-Gottfried-Herder-Institut, Marburg 1980
* Erich Keyser (Hrsg.): ''Westfälisches Städtebuch.'' Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1954
* Magistrat der Stadt Hamm (Westf.) (Hrsg.): ''700 Jahre Stadt Hamm (Westf.). Festschrift zur Erinnerung an das 700jährige Bestehen der Stadt Hamm (Westf.).'' Stein, Werl 1973 (unveränderter Nachdruck der Originalausgabe von 1927), ISBN 3-9209-8008-5
* Meinold Markus: ''Bahnhof Hamm (Westf). Die Geschichte eines Eisenbahnknotens.'' Hövelhof: DGEG Medien GmbH 2004, ISBN 3-937189-07-6.
* Alfred Overmann (bearb.): ''Die Stadtrechte der Grafschaft Mark, 2. Hamm.'' Aschendorffsche Buchhandlung, Münster 1903 (= ''Veröffentlichungen der historischen Kommission für Westfalen. Rechtsquellen. Westfälische Stadtrechte I'')
* Eduard Raabe: ''Geschichte van diär Stadt Hamm'', 2 Bände, Leipzig 1903
* Wilhelm Ribhegge (Hrsg.) u. a.: ''Geschichte der Stadt und Region Hamm im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert.'' Patmos Verlag, Düsseldorf 1991, ISBN 3-491-34228-7
* Wilhelm Ribhegge: ''Die Grafen von der Mark und die Geschichte der Stadt Hamm im Mittelalter'', Ardey Verlag, Münster 2000
* ''Westfälischer Städteatlas;'' Band: I; 7 Teilband. Im Auftrage der Historischen Kommission für Westfalen und mit Unterstützung des Landschaftsverbandes Westfalen-Lippe, hrsg. von Heinz Stoob † und Wilfried Ehbrecht. Stadtmappe Hamm, Author: Heinz Stoob. ISBN 3-89115-334-1; Dortmund-Altenbeken, 1975.
* Jerrentrup - Peter - Feußner: ''Alte Kirchen in Hamm'', Westfälischer Anzeiger Verlagsgesellschaft, 1999, ISBN 3-924966-23-0
* Jahrbuch der Stadt Hamm 2005, Online Version
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