Hand, foot and mouth disease
172321
225896632
2008-07-15T22:26:28Z
MidgleyDJ
556187
revert changes, this definately is HFAM
{{distinguish|Foot-and-mouth disease}}
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = Hand, foot and mouth disease |
Image = Hand Foot Mouth Disease.png|
Caption = Typical lesions around the mouth of an 11 month old male|
DiseasesDB = 5622 |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|08|4|b|00}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|074.3}} |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = 000965 |
eMedicineSubj = derm |
eMedicineTopic = 175 |
MeshID = D006232 |
}}
'''Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)''' is a human [[syndrome]] caused by intestinal viruses of the [[Picornaviridae]] [[family (biology)|family]]. The most common strains causing HFMD are [[Coxsackie A virus|Coxsackie A]] [[virus]] and [[Enterovirus|Enterovirus 71 (EV71)]].<ref name="Nur">{{cite news |last=Suhaimi|first=Nur Dianah|title=HFMD: 1,000 cases a week is unusual, says doc|location=Singapore|publisher= The Sunday Times (Straits Times)|date=April 20 2008|pages=pp. 1 - 2}}</ref>
HFMD usually affects infants and children, and is quite common. It is moderately contagious and is spread through direct contact with the mucus, saliva, or feces of an infected person. It typically occurs in small epidemics in nursery schools or kindergartens, usually during the summer and autumn months. The usual incubation period is 3-7 days.
It is extremely uncommon in adults; however, still a possibility. Most adults have strong enough immune systems to defeat the virus, but those with [[immune deficiencies]] are very susceptible. HFMD is not to be confused with [[foot-and-mouth disease]] (also called hoof-and-mouth disease), which is a disease affecting sheep, cattle, and swine, and which is unrelated to HFMD (but also caused by a member of the Picornaviridae family).
==Signs & Symptoms==
Symptoms of HFMD include: <ref name='HFMD Symptons'> {{cite web|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease/DS00599/DSECTION=2 |title=Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease: Signs & Symptoms |accessdate=2008-05-05 |work=mayoclinic.com |publisher=The Mayo Clinic }}</ref>
*[[Fever]]
*[[Headache]]
*[[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]]
*[[Malaise]]
*[[Sore throat]]
*[[Pain]]ful [[oral]] [[lesions]]
*Non-itchy body [[rash]], followed by [[sores]] with [[blisters]] on palms of hands and soles of feet
*[[Oral ulcer]]
*Sores or blisters may be present on the buttocks of small children and infants
*Irritability in infants and toddlers
*Loss of appetite.
*[[Diarrhea]]
The common incubation period (the time between infection and onset of symptoms) is from three to seven days.
Early symptoms are likely to be [[fever]] followed by a [[sore throat]]. Loss of appetite and general [[malaise]] may also occur. Between one and two days after the onset of fever, painful sores ([[lesions]]) may appear in the mouth and/or throat. A rash may become evident on the hands, feet, and occasionally the buttocks (but generally, the rash on the buttocks will be caused from the diarrhea.) Not all symptoms will be present in all cases.
==Treatment==
There is no specific treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease. Individual symptoms, such as fever, lameness, and pain from the sores, may be eased with the use of medication. HFMD is a viral disease that has to run its course; many doctors do not issue medicine for this illness, unless the infection is severe. Infection in older children, adolescents, and adults is normally very mild and lasts around 1 week or sometimes more. Fever reducers will help to control high temperatures. Luke-warm baths will also help bring temperature down.
Only a very small minority of sufferers require hospital admission, mainly as a result of [[neurology|neurological]] complications ([[encephalitis]], [[meningitis]], or [[acute flaccid paralysis]]) or [[pulmonary edema]]/[[pulmonary hemorrhage]].
==Recorded outbreaks==
* In [[1997]], 34 children died in an outbreak in [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]]<ref>See also reports from Sarawak Health Department http://www.sarawak.health.gov.my/hfmd.htm#INFO9</ref>.
* In [[1998]], there was an outbreak in [[Taiwan]], affecting mainly children.<ref>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Deaths among children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease--Taiwan, Republic of China, April-July 1998. ''MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep'' 1998;47:629-32. PMID 9704628.</ref> There were 405 severe complications, and 78 children died.<ref name=Ho>Ho M, Chen ER, Hsu KH, Twu SJ, Chen KT, Tsai SF, Wang JR, Shih SR. An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan. Taiwan Enterovirus Epidemic Working Group. ''N Engl J Med'' 1999;341:929-35. PMID 10498487.</ref> The total number of cases in that epidemic is estimated to have been 1.5 million.<ref name=Ho/>
===2006===
* In [[2006]], 7 people died in an outbreak in [[Kuching]], [[Sarawak]] (according to the ''[[New Straits Times]]'', March 14)]]<ref>See also reports from Sarawak Health Department http://www.sarawak.health.gov.my/hfmd.htm#INFO9</ref>.
* In [[2006]], after an outbreak of [[Chikungunya]] in southern and some western parts of [[India]], cases of HFMD were reported. <!--These cases were termed as [[Monkeygunya]] or Thakaligunya. The symptoms included rashes and yellowish spots on the edges of ears, hands or legs. --><ref>[http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/17/stories/2005111706880700.htm The Hindu : Kerala News : Outbreak of rare child disease in Malappuram<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
===2007===
*April 15–21: 688 reported cases in Singapore.<ref>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/272220/1/.html Channelnewsasia.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
*May 30: Over 30 reported cases in the [[Maldives]].<ref>[http://www.traveldoctor.com.au/healthalerts.asp?UnqID=0.3960801&HealthAlertID=640 Travel Doctor - Health Alerts - Maldives Hand, foot and mouth Disease]</ref>
===2008===
* An outbreak in China, beginning in March in [[Fuyang, Anhui|Fuyang]], Anhui, lead to 25,000 infections, and 42 deaths, by May 13th.<ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-05/14/content_8167664.htm Viral epidemic maintains grip in China, with three more deaths] (accessed May 15th, 2008)</ref><ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-04/27/content_8061094.htm Mass intestinal virus infection kills 19 children -- XinHuaNet.com] (Retrieved on May 2, 2008.)</ref><ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-05/01/content_8088299.htm Mass intestinal virus infection in east China up to 2,477, kills 21 -- XinHuaNet.com] (Retrieved on May 2, 2008.)</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7381741.stm China on alert as virus spreads]</ref><ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/05/07/china.virus/index.html Spreading virus kills 28 children] (Retrieved on May 7, 2008.)</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7383796.stm</ref><ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/05/03/china.virus/index.html?eref=rss_topstories China on alert over deadly child virus] (Retrieved on May 3, 2008.)</ref>. Similar outbreaks were reported in Singapore (more than 2,600 cases as of April 20th, 2008)<ref name="Nur"/>, Vietnam (2,300 cases, 11 deaths)<ref>[http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/showarticle.php?num=01HEA150508 Viet Nam News: HFMD cases prompt tighter health screening at airport] (accessed May 15th, 2008)</ref>, and Mongolia (1,600 cases)<ref>[http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1847&Itemid=1 EV-71 Virus Continues Dramatic Rise] (accessed May 23rd, 2008)</ref>.
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
== External links ==
*[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/enterovirus/hfhf.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ''Hand, Foot, & Mouth Disease'']
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/03/world/asia/03china.html Virus Kills 22 Children in China, May 2, 2008] - [[New York Times]]
*[http://www.sarawak.health.gov.my/hfmd.htm#INFO9 HAND, FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE Webpage hosted by Sarawak Health Department, Malaysia. ]
{{Viral diseases}}
[[Category:Picornaviruses]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[ar:أمراض اليد والقدم والفم]]
[[de:Hand-Fuß-Mund-Krankheit]]
[[dv:Hand, foot and mouth disease]]
[[es:Fiebre aftosa humana]]
[[fr:Syndrome bouche-main-pied]]
[[ko:수족구병]]
[[id:Penyakit tangan, kaki dan mulut]]
[[he:מחלת הפה, ידיים ורגליים]]
[[nl:Hand- voet- en mondziekte]]
[[ja:手足口病]]
[[no:Hånd fot og munnsykdom]]
[[vi:Bệnh tay chân miệng]]
[[zh:手足口病]]